Feminism

Question 1

What are the two different beliefs in what feminism is ABOUT?

Answer 1

A belief in women’s rights

A belief in gender equality

Question 2

What did Bell Hooks say that feminism is?

Answer 2

a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression

Question 3

What is the 1st wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

Answer 3

Suffragettes; focus on formal institutions – women’s representation

Question 4

What is the 2nd wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

Answer 4

feminism from late 60s/70s: Shift of focus towards power and gender in society more generally

Question 5

What is the 3rd wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

Answer 5

Focus on difference and empowerment – the ‘sex wars’

Question 6

What is the 4th wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

Answer 6

Internet and intersectionality – transgender/’free the nipple’/Page 3

Question 7

What does Beauvoir say about being a women?

Answer 7

‘one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman’

Question 8

What study relates mostly to gender constructions

Answer 8

Ann Oakley - Gender Scripts
OR
Parsons - Functionalist Sex Role Theory

Question 9

What do Evolutionary Psychologists say about gender scripts?

Answer 9

Cultural gender roles can be so ingrained that we tend to see them as ‘natural’

Question 10

Who said that gender is perfomative?

Answer 10

Judith Butler

Question 11

What is meant by performative gender?

Answer 11

what you do not what you are

Question 12

How do Feminism critique Marxists/Capitalism?

Answer 12

Tendency to write off gender-based struggle as secondary to class-based struggle

Question 13

What did Fraser say about Feminism AND capitalism?

Answer 13

‘capitalism’s handmaiden’

Question 14

Who wrote the book ‘Lean In’ telling women how to assert themselves in the work place?

Answer 14

Sheryl Sandberg

Question 15

How was the book ‘Lean In’ criticised?

Answer 15

just because women know how to assert themselves, doesn’t mean they’ll be given the opportunity to do so.

Question 16

Why is popular feminism inefficient for BAME women?

Answer 16

have to face other inequalities that make being a woman just another form of subordination

Question 17

What is the triple oppression that black women face?

Answer 17

Racism, sexism and class-based oppression

Question 18

What is intersectionality?

Answer 18

Draws attention to multiple oppressions and how they work together to worsen oppresion

Question 19

Who can be effected by sexism?

Answer 19

women AND men

Question 20

What did Carver say about men?

Answer 20

‘Men are not born, but made’

Question 21

What was the anti-feminist backlash?

Answer 21

media-driven backlash against feminist advances caused ‘not by women’s achievement of full equality but the increased possibility that they might win it’

Question 22

What did McRobbie say about modern western feminism?

Answer 22

witnessing the ‘disarticulation’ of feminism

Question 23

What are formal examples of sexism as a social structure?

Answer 23

legislatures, workplaces etc.

Question 24

What are informal examples of sexism as a social structure?

Answer 24

marriage, the family, friendships

Question 25

Who said that women were 'space invaders'

Answer 25

Puwar

Question 26

How does Heywood (2015) define feminism?

Answer 26

an ideology which aims to advance the social role of women

Question 27

What did Kinser say about feminism as an ideology?

Answer 27

feminist ideology is grounded in white, middle class values, but is frequently used to generalise amongst all women

Question 28

What is modern popular feminism said to ignore?

Answer 28

political, economic and cultural inequalities that affect working-class, disabled, elderly and ethnic minority women most profoundly

Question 29

What example is there that feminism benefits middle class women?

Answer 29

Campaigns led by middle class women - better education. Reflection of their needs, focus on politics

Question 30

What do Marxist/Socialist feminists believe?

Answer 30

capitalism is the main source of oppression, not sexism

Question 31

What arguements do Marxists feminists give to support their beliefs?

Answer 31

women are seen as a source of cheap, exploitable labour, who can be paid less than men due to their subordinate status.

Question 32

Who said that women are the takers of shit?

Answer 32

Fran Ansley

Question 33

Why does modern feminism not support working class women?

Answer 33

different economic and social needs than the middle class women leading the core movements

Question 34

Who found that class boundaries did not stop the flow of ideas?

Answer 34

Greenwald

Question 35

What do ethnic minorities challenge feminism for?

Answer 35

universalising white, western women’s needs and ignoring the enormous differences between women who had arose from imperialism, racism and slavery

Question 36

What prompted Black Feminism?

Answer 36

both feminism and the civil rights movement

Question 37

Why would feminism not want to support black women?

Answer 37

would reinforce ideas of racial hierarchy in order to remain in power

Question 38

What does Bell Hooks say about gender equality?

Answer 38

there is little point making women equal to men when not all men are equal