Femoral Triangle, Anterior & Middle Thigh

Question 1

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

Superior = inguinal ligament 
Lateral = sartorius
Medial = adductor longus

Question 2

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Laterally = iliopsoas 
Medially = pectineus

Question 3

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

Lateral to medial

• Femoral nerve
• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Femoral canal

Question 4

What is contained within the femoral canal?

Answer 4

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Adipose tissue

Question 5

What is contained within the femoral sheath?

Answer 5

Most proximal parts of femoral artery and vein

Question 6

What forms the femoral sheath?

Answer 6

Transversalis and iliopsoas fascia

Question 7

What are the spinal nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

Answer 7

L2, L3, L4

Question 8

What is the route of the saphenous nerve?

Answer 8

Branches form the femoral nerve to leave the adductor canal distally by asking between sartorius and gracilis

Question 9

Which arteries supply most of the blood to the head of the femur?

Answer 9

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (through reticular branches)

Question 10

What is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 10

Inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 11

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 11

Between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 12

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 12

Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris

Question 13

What are the main actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 13

Flexion of the hip

Extension of the knee

Question 14

What are the attachments of the iliopsoas?

Answer 14

P = iliac fossa and lumbar transverse processes 
D = lesser trochanter of femur

Question 15

What is the nerve supply of the iliopsoas?

Answer 15

Anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves

Question 16

What are the attachments of the sartorius?

Answer 16

P = ASIS 
D = Medial surface of proximal tibia

Question 17

What is the nerve supply of the sartorius?

Answer 17

Femoral nerve

Question 18

What are the four quadriceps muscles?

Answer 18

Rectus femoris (superficial)
Vastus lateralis (lateral)
Vastus intermedius (central)
Vastus medius (medial)

Question 19

What are the attachments of the quadriceps?

Answer 19

P = ASIS (RF) and shaft of femur 
D = Patella then tibial tuberosity

Question 20

What is the nerve supply of the quadriceps?

Answer 20

Femoral nerve

Question 21

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 21

Gracilis
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus

Question 22

What is the main action of the muscles of the medial compartment of the leg?

Answer 22

Adduction of the thigh at the hip joint

Question 23

Which muscle is most medial in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 23

Gracilis

Question 24

Which joints does gracilis cross?

Answer 24

Hip

Knee

Question 25

Where do the adductor muscles lie in relation to each other in the medial compartment?

Answer 25

Adductors brevis and longus lie anterior to adductor magnus | Adductor brevis lies superior to adductor longus

Question 26

What are the two parts of adductor magnus?

Answer 26

Adductor part | Hamstring part

Question 27

What are the attachments of the adductor muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 27

``` P = Pubic, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of AM) D = Posterior surface of shaft of femur, adductor tubercle pf tibia (adductor part of AM) ```

Question 28

What the nerve supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 28

Obturator nerve

Question 29

What are the spinal nerve roots of the obturator nerve?

Answer 29

L2, L3, L4 | Hamstring part of AM = tibial nerve

Question 30

Which structures pass through the obturator foramen of the hip bone?

Answer 30

Obturator nerve, artery and vein

Question 31

What is the sensory innervation of the thigh?

Answer 31

Anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve

Question 32

What is the route of lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?

Answer 32

Follows great saphenous vein -> superficial inguinal LN -> external iliac LN/deep inguinal LN Follows small saphenous vein -> popliteal LN -> deep inguinal LN -> external iliac LN All lymph from lower limb ultimately drains to EXTERNAL ILIAC LYMPH NODES