Fertilisers and chemicals Flashcards
(18 cards)
what do fertilisers provide?
mineral ions needed for healthy growth in plants
why do farmers need to constantly replenish their soil with fertiliser? (2)
-as plants grow, they absorb mineral ions from the water in the soil (through their root hair cells)
-overtime, the concentration of these ions decreases, so farmers and gardeners add fertilisers to the soil.
what do fertilisers contain? for what reason?
what are these often referred to as?
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds to promote plant growth
NPK fertilisers
what must fertiliser compounds be? or what reason?
soluble in water so they can be absorbed by the root hair cells:
what are sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium? (3)
nitrogen: ammonium ions, NH4+, and nitrate ions, NO3-
phosphorus: phosphate ions, PO43-
all common potassium compounds dissolve in water to produce potassium ions, K+
what is the symbol equation for ammonium nitrate?
NH4NO3
what is the equation (word and symbol) for the production of ammonium nitrate?
Ammonia + nitric acid → ammonium nitrate
NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)
what are ammonium nitrate ammonium sulphate sources of and what can it be used as?
soluble nitrogen, so it can be used as a ‘nitrogenous’ fertiliser.
what is ammonia manufactured using?
what does this involve?
haber process.
nitrogen and hydrogen:
what is the symbol and word equation of the ammonia manufacturing process?
Nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
which conditions are needed for the Haber process? (3)
a temperature of 450°C
a pressure of 200 atmospheres
an iron catalyst
what is the symbol and word equation of the nitric acid manufacturing process?
Ammonia + oxygen → nitric acid + water
NH3(g) + 2O2(g) → HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
how could ammonium sulfate be produced in the lab?
using dilute ammonia solution and dilute sulfuric acid:
what is the word and symbol equation for the ammonium sulfate manufacturing process?
Ammonia + sulfuric acid → ammonium sulfate
2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(aq)
what are both reactants (soluble or insoluble) and which method must be used because of this?
Both reactants are soluble, so a titration must be used.
what is the main difference between a lab preparation and the industrial production of ammonium sulfate? (2)
-think of scale
lab preparation = small scale
industrial production = larger scale in several stages.
where do the reactants come from during the production of ammonium sulphate for
-fertiliser factories
-laboratories
fertiliser factory = raw materials needed, several steps are involved
labs = two reactants are bought from elsewhere
what is the difference between the lap preparation and industrial production of ammonium sulfate in terms of size and speed?
-lab preparation =
‘batch’ process.
-small amount of product is made slowly at any one time,
-apparatus cleaned ready to make another batch.
-industrial production =
- ‘continuous’ process.
-product is made quickly all the time, as long as raw materials are provided.
