fetal development Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
fetal head is important bcoz it shows what
A
adaptation between fetal head and mother’s pelvis
2
Q
fetal skull is composde of
A
2 frontal 2 parietal 2 temporal wing of sphenoid upper occipital bone
3
Q
membranous spaces that separate the bones from each other
A
sutures
4
Q
sutures of the fetal skull
A
frontal
sagittal
coronal
lambdoid
5
Q
connects the 2 frontal bones
A
frontal suture
6
Q
connect the 2 parietal parietal bones
A
sagittal suture
7
Q
connects the forntal and parietal bones
A
coronal suture
8
Q
connects the parietal and occipital
A
lambdoid suture
9
Q
in vertex position, all sutures can be palpated except
A
temporal (suture?)
10
Q
areas where several sutures meet
A
fontanel
11
Q
lozenge/diamond-shaped fontanel aka bregma
A
greater/anterior fontanel
12
Q
bregma is formed by the
A
sagittal and coronal sutures
13
Q
triangle-shaped fontanel
A
lesser/posterior fontanel
14
Q
lesser/posterior fontanel is formed by
A
sagittal and lambdoid
15
Q
fontanels provide info on what
A
presentation and position of fetus on delivery
16
Q
used during labor to ensure the fit of the head within the pelivs
A
fetal head diameter
17
Q
from root of nose to most prominent part of occipital bone seen if baby’s head is not flexed
A
occipitofrontal
18
Q
greatest/widest transverse diameter
A
biparietal
19
Q
greatest distance between 2 temporals
A
bitemporal
20
Q
chin to most prominent portion op occiput
A
occipitomental
21
Q
middle of large fontanel to undersurface of the occipital bone where it joins the neck
A
suboccipitobregmatic
22
Q
line drawn from the bregma to the undersurface of the fetal mentum/mandible
A
trachelobregmatic
23
Q
greatest circum of fetal head
A
34.5 cm (OFD)
24
Q
smallest circum of head
A
32 cm (SCB)
25
leading indication for ceasarian deliver
fetopelvic disproportion
26
happens due to bones being separated by thin layer of fibrous tissue allowing shifitng of each bone to accomodate size and shape of pelivs
molding
27
myelination of ventral roots of the cerebrospinal enrves and brainstem starts at
6th month
28
what happends at 6th month in terms of CNS
myelination of ventrla roots
29
brain originates from which embryonic layer
neurectoderm
30
saang level ang spinal cord at 24 weeks
S1
31
saang level ang spinal cord at birth
L3
32
saan level ang spinal cord at adulthood
L1
33
when ang major portion of myelination
after birth
34
when ang myelination of spinal cord
midgestation to 1st yr
35
when ang musculo and neurological intergration
3rd trimester
36
skelan binibigay ang folic acid
at first 4 months
37
saan higher ang O2 conc sa fetus
brain and heart
38
featl heart: parallel or series?
parallel
39
parallel circulation in fetal heart is due to
foramen ovale
40
umbilical vein divides into
portal sinus
| ductus venosus
41
aling blood ung didiretso sa LV
mas saturated kasi ilalagay sya sa brain at heart
42
aling blood ung didiretso sa RV
less saturated for the rest of the body
43
shunt #1
foramen ovale
44
shunt #2
ductus arteriosus
45
after delivery which should close constrict/collapse
forame ovale
umbilical vessels
ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus
46
bcoz close na ang ductus arteriosus, blood from RV will now enter
lungs for oxygenation
47
after birth: parallel or series?
series
48
after birth, ductus venosus becomes
ligamentum venosus
49
after birth, foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovalis
50
an atrial septal defect
patent formaen ovale
51
after birth, umbilical artery becomes
medial umbilical ligament
52
after birth, umbilical vein becomes
ligamentum teres
53
3 sites of hemopoiesis
yolk sac
liver
marrow
54
1st erythrocytes are
nucleated and macrocytic (180 fL)
55
at term, what is the MCV
110-115 fL
56
fetal RBC life span: higher or lower?
lower/shorter
57
fetal RBC production: higher or lower?
higher
58
fetal retics: higher or lower?
higher
59
fetal blood viscosity: higher or lower?
more viscous
60
fetal RBC deformability: higher or lower?
higher
61
blood volume of newborn
78 ml/kg
62
blood volume of placenta
45 ml/kg
63
fetoplacental blood volume
125 ml/kg of fetal weight
64
fetal erythropoiesis is mainly controlled by
fetal EPO
65
fetal EPO is influecned by
```
testosterone
estrogen
prostaglandins
thyroid hormone
lipoprotein
```
66
site of EPO prodx
liver and then kidney
67
Hgb from yolk sac
gower 1 zeta2epsilon2
| gower 2 alpha2epsilon2
68
hgb from liver
HgbF alpha2gamma2
69
02 affinity, higher in fetus or adult?
fetal
70
kelan nagsstart magproduce ng adult-type procoag/anticoag proteins
12 weeks
71
wit K is given to mom or newborn
newborn
72
kelan transport of igG
16 wks
73
kelan pinakamadaming napupuntang IgG sa baby
last 4 wks
74
kelan increased ang IgM sa bata
CMV
rubella
toxoplasmosis
75
pano nakukuha IgA
colostrum
76
IgA mainly useful for
prevention of enteric and diarrheal dseases
77
kelan simula ang B lymph magawa
9 wks @ fetal liver
78
kelan simula ang T lymph magawa
14 wks @ thymus
79
important at 12weeks AoG (general)
centrers of ossification
definitive genitalia
skin, nails
80
anong week pwede idetermine ung sex ng baby
14 wks
81
imporatnt at 16 wks AoG (general)
midbrain maturation
| eye movements
82
imporatnt at 20wks AoG (general)
midpoint of preggy
linear weight incraese
scalp hair
10-30% movement
83
important at 24wks AoG (general)
fat deposition
canalicular stage of lung ( no termimnal sacs yet)
nociceptors
84
improtant at 28 wks AoG (general)
think skin with vernix caseosa
| wrinkled face
85
important at 32 and 36weeks Aog
no more wrinkled face skin
86
considered the term fromt he onset of the LMP, fully developed fetus
40wks AoG
87
at 2nd term, the amnionic fluid is composed mainly of
fetal plasma ultrafiltrate
88
after 20 wks, the AF is composed mainly of
fetal urine
89
fetal kidneys produce urine starting at
12 wks
90
fetalmkdiney produces approximately how many by 18 weeks
7-14 mL
91
amniotic fluid volumes peaks when
34 weeks
92
caused by draining of AF
pulmonary hypoplasia
93
well-oxygentaed blood tends to course along the ____ aspect ot the IVC
medial
94
poorly-oxygenated blood tends to course along the ____ aspect of the IVC
lateral
95
saan dumadaan ung oxygentaed blood from RA to LA
foramen ovale
96
almost 90% of blood exiting the right ventricle is shunted thru ____ to the ____
ductus arteriosus; descending aorta
97
factors cotnributing to ensuring that only 15% of RV output goes to the lungs
high pulmo vascular resistance
| lower resistance in the ductus arteriosus and umbilical-placental vasculature
98
swallowing begins
10-12 wks
99
start of swallowing conincides with what
persitalsis and glucose transport
100
stimuli for swallowing
thirst
gastric emptying
change in AF composition
101
injection of _____ increases swallowing while injection of ____ decreases
saccharin; noxious chemical
102
term fetus swallows how many AF
200-760 mL
103
intrinsice factor detectable by (when)
11 wks
104
pepsinogen detectable by (when)
16 wks
105
aka congenital aganglionic megacolon, prevents the bowel from undergoing parasymp-mediated relaxation and normally emptying
missing nerves in the colon
Hirschprung dse
106
commonly .found with fetal cystic fibrosis, is bowel obstruction caused by thick, viscid meconium that blocks the distal ileum
meconium ileus
107
dark greenish-black is caused by
biliverdin
108
hypoxia stimulates the release of ____ from the fetal pituitary gland
arginine vasopressin
109
Most of the unconjugated bilirubin is excreted into
amnionic fluid after 12 weeks and transferred across the placenta
110
which is not exchanged between mommy and baby: conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin?
conjugated
111
fetal choelsterol is mainly from
hepatic synth
112
kelan mababa lng ang hepatic glycogen
2nd term
113
ekaln biglang taas ang glycogen
near term
114
insulin is detectable by (when)
12 wks
115
glucagon has been identified in the fetal pancreas at
8 wks
116
Most pancreatic enzymes are present by
16 weeks
117
Amylase has been identi ed in amnitonic fluid at
14 wks
118
start of meconium prodx
32 wks
119
2 primtiive urinary systems
pronephros
| mesonephros
120
loop of Henle operational by
14 wks
121
fetal urine: hypo or hypertonic?
hypotonic
122
fetal kidneys start prodx of urine by
12 wks
123
increases urine formation
maternal furosemide
124
decreases urine formation
uteroplacental insufficiency
fetal growth restriction
fetal disorders
125
Kidneys are not essential for survival in utero, but are important in the
control of amnionic uid composition and volume
126
abnormalities that cause chronic anuria are usually accompanied by
oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia
127
entails growth of the intrasegmental bronchial tree between 6 and 16 weeks
pseudoglandular stage
128
16 to 26 weeks, the bronchial cartilage plates extend peripherally
Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to several respiratory bronchioles, and each of these in turn divides into multiple saccular ducts.
canalicular stage
129
respiratory bronchioles give rise to primi- tive pulmonary alveoli—the terminal sacs @ 26 wks
terminal sac stage
130
alveolar epithelial lining thins to improve gas exchange. Simultaneously, an extracellular matrix develops from proximal to distal lung segments until term.
@ 32 wks
alveolar stage
131
produces surfactants
type II pneumocytesq
132
principal active component of surfactant is a speci c leci- thin—
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC or PC)
133
fetal chest wall movements are detected by sonography as early as
11 wks
