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Fetal Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Gestational age (GA)

A

Time from conception

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2
Q

Full term

A

37 -42 weeks ga

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3
Q

What number do we use to calculate age from (full term)

A

40 weeks

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4
Q

Chronological age

A

Days, weeks or months since birth

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5
Q

2 methods to calculate gestational age

A

Last menstrual period l time from 1st day of last menstruation)

Post conceptual age (time from the moment of conception)

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6
Q

Premature

A

Birth that takes place <37 WIs ga

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7
Q

Corrected (adjusted) age

A

Subtract h of weeks premature from chronological age

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8
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells become specialized for specific tissues

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9
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Inc. In # of cells

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10
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Inc. In relative size of an individual cell

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11
Q

Congenital defect

A

Anomalies present@ birth regardless of whether it is due to a genetic or environmental cause

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12
Q

Timeline of germinal stage

A

Conception to 2 weeks ga

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13
Q

3 stages of fetal development

A
  1. Germinal
  2. Embryonic
  3. Fetal
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14
Q

Which stage is a Period of zygote division

A

Germinal

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15
Q

Which stage does

Implantation into the uterus occur?

A

Germinal

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16
Q

Which stage has a zygote

A

Germinal

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17
Q

What does implantation into the uterus establish

A

Blood supply between mother a fetus

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18
Q

Why aren’t zygotes susceptible to teratogens prior to implantation (germinal)

A

. Because they do not have direct blood supply, exposures to mother will not effect zygote until have the blood supply

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19
Q

Zygote

A

Unicellular organism with 46 chromosomes

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20
Q

Teratogens

A

Terrible monster

Drug, environment, or maternal condition that can interfere with the development of the fetus and typically result in a birth defect

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21
Q

Examples of teratogens

A

Medications

Maternal infections
Maternal disorders
Chemicals

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22
Q

Timeline of embryonic development

A

3-8 weeks ga

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23
Q

What direction does development occurin embryonic development

A

Cephalo caudal direction

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24
Q

What 2 types of cell development occur in fetal development

A

Hyperplasia and differentiation

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25
When are all tissues formed
Embryonic development
26
Which stage is exposure to teratogens most dangerous
Embryonic
27
Embryonic wk 3: organization of embryonic disc into what 3 layers
Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
28
Endoderm
Digestive Traci
29
Mesoderm
Muscles, skeleton, circulation
30
Ectoderm
Skin & nervous system
31
Embryonic week 4: what 4 events occur?
1. Embryonic folding & forming 2. Limb buds formed 3. Heart beat present 4. Closure of neural tube
32
Embryonic week 5: what 3 events occur?
1. Placental circulation is functional through umbilical cord 2. Brain division & formation of cerebral hemispheres 3. CN begin to emerge
33
Which week of embryonic development can Zika effect
Week 5, can cause microcephaly L failure to fuse & grow cortex)
34
Embryonic week 6: what 6 events occur?
1. Primitive eyes with eyelids appear 2. Developing heart & lungs descend into thorax 3. Cardiovascular system functioning well 4. Footplates begin to emerge 5. Mouth & palate formed 6. Vertebrae begin to form
35
Embryonic week 7: what 5 events occur?
1. Formation of all 4 chambers of heart 2. cartilage 3. Ossification begins in upper body 4. Muscles & nerves "connect" and cause reflexive movement S. Fingers & Toes form
36
Embryonic week 8: 2 events that occur
1. Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, fingers & toes formed | 2. Embryo looks like a human
37
After which week of the embryonic stage is the zygote now a fetus
Week 8
38
Timeline of fetal development
9 weeks ga to birth
39
Are teratogens more or less likely to cause birth defects in the fetal stage
Less likely
40
2 developmental features o fetal development
Rapid proliferation & hyperplasia
41
Which stage does the developing become more proportional in its appearance
Fetal stage
42
What happens to bones and organs during the fetal stage
- organ & tissue differentiation continue | - bones continue to ossify & remodel to form skeleton (but when child is born,it is still mostly cartilage)
43
Fetal stage week 9-12: 6 events
1. Primary ossification centers appearin skull & long bones 2. Cartilaginous skeleton formed 3. Hands and feet are well developed 4. Swallowing emerges 5. External genitalia visible by 12 weeks 6. Fetal-placental circulation improves due to vascularizarion
44
Fetal stage week 13-16: 5 events
1. Body more proportional 2. Moves eyes 3. Hand to mouth (sucking thumb) 4. Developmental reflexes strengthen 5. Mother may not yet be able to feel movement
45
Fetal weeks 17-20: 4 events
1. Mother can feel fetal movement toward the end of this stage 2. Skin covered in lanugo (layer of fine hair) 3. Adipose tissue 4. Lung maturation continues
46
When can we dx congenital heart defects
Fetal stage week 17-20
47
Fetal week 21-25: 3 events
1. Accelerated weight gain 2. Ongoing lung development, begin to produce surfactant 3. Eyes fully developed, REM
48
Can an infant born before 21 weeks survive
It is rare
49
Fetus is viable at ——- weeks if born prematurely
23
50
Fetal week 26-29: 5 events
1. Accelerated maturation of respiratory system and CNS 2. Fetal viability improved (neural regulation of respiration) 3. All external characteristics of full-term by week 29 4. all neonatal reflexes present 5. Able to cry audibly
51
Fetal weeks 30-34: 2 events
1. Weight gain continues | 2. Thermal regulation established by 32 weeks
52
Fetal weeks 35-38: 3 events
1. Gain roughly 2lbs 2. Fat accumulation for insulation 3. Fetal movements decrease
53
Characteristics of birth (6)
1. Head down (vertex), face down 2. Head < pelvic outlet 3. Trauma 4. Breathe on own within a few seconds 5. Shift from fetal circulation to adult circulation 6. Ready to participate in life
54
What is the Apgar score indicative of
How child is doing after birth
55
She. Do we measure apgar score
1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
56
What does apgar stand for
``` Appearance pulse Grimace Activity Respiration ```
57
Apgar: scoring for I minute after birth
7-10: routine care 4-6: some assistance for breathing may be required <4: lifesaving measures
58
Apgar score: 5 minutes after birth
7-10: normal | <7: ongoing monitoring every 5 minutes, up to 20
59
What is normal birth
5 lbs, 8 oz (2500g) - 8 lbs , 14 oz (4000g)
60
Small for gestational age (SGA)
<5 lbs, 8 oz (2500g)
61
Very low birth weight (VLBW)
1000 - <2500g
62
Low birth weight (LBW)
1500g - <2500g
63
Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)
<1000g
64
SGA can be indicative of
Having future health like CP and is associated with premature babies
65
Child’s head after vaginal birth the child’s head...
Will be abnormal, cone head - should resolve within the 1st couples of days
66
Plagiocephaly
Breeched position; flattened on one side in the back and then sticks out in the front (torticollis)
67
Brachycephaly
Flat on the back of the head, usually forms after birth (I.e. supine a lot)
68
Scaphocephaly
Flattened on one side of the head (common with premature babies due to intubation)
69
What months do skull plates fuse
18-24 months

Motor Development (1 decks)

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