Fetal Pig Dissection Flashcards

Question

umbilical cord

Answer 1

both male and female

Answer 2

female only. papilla near the anus

Answer 3

not shown but it's female only.

Answer 4

this is anything to do with the mouth, teeth area. It was shown to us on the official last day of dissection -- we just didn't do it ourselves

Answer 5

parotid gland is the one that isn't the masseter or the mandibular gland. It looks like it's a little closer to the ear though I'd clarify the difference between parotid and and mandibular

Answer 6

the parotid duct looks like a little string feeding into the tongue area and masseter; I believe it helps produce saliva

Answer 7

facial nerves are sort of strings that go along the face; could think of it like the net that allows our face to move

Answer 8

the masseter is the huge muscle in the mouth that allows the pig to chew

Answer 9

the lymph nodes are the little lumps located between the masseter muscle and the parotid gland area. Might want to double-check on if you can find a picture for this

Answer 10

it's sort of like the layer between the masseter and the glands behind it, not as bubbly/circular as the lymph node but it exists right around there

Answer 11

This is what we'd be looking into if the mouth were opened upwise

Answer 12

oral pharynx looks to me like the "hinges" that allow the mouth to open or shut but I'm not a hundred percent

Answer 13

the section that's not the oral cavity or the oral pharnyx; just beneath it. I don't know how a pin would go but here's an image. Maybe just start with the word "pharynx"

Answer 14

the glottis is a little "above" the epiglottis. I'd take a second now to look up the difference in function, then describe it in a funky way

Answer 15

a hole on the outside of the rostral plate

Answer 16

the hyoid bone is a part just under the chin slash mental gland, but above the part of the neck that you'd cut if you wanted to kill the pig. I don't know what it does

Answer 17

at the top of the hard palatte (the washboard), it's like a little round indent. That's the incisive papilla and remember the word papilla always kind of refers to the same protruding thing

Answer 18

these are the small little bumps on the tongue, the fungiform papillae

Answer 19

these are further up toward the back of the throat on the tongue and are small bumps a bit like the fungiform but further up; take a look at pic

Answer 20

the hard palate the washboard -ridged roof of the mouth

Answer 21

the soft palate is the part under the washboard that's softer -it is the fleshy portion of the roof of the mouth that lies caudal (tail) to the hard palate

Answer 22

entrance to nasal pharynx looks like a hole right between the ears that goes down into pharynx

Answer 23

entrance to esophagus. it's the entrance to the actual throat passage, a tiny bit underneath the ears - also the "esophagal opening" or food tube - can also be found in the so-caled nasopharynx - located dorsal (back) to trachea

Answer 24

epiglottis. a tiny slimy skin flap at the back of the tongue that prevents from falling back there Additional info: - tear-shaped, flap-like structure at the top of the trachea [seen clearly in this image] - the glottis is opening in the epiglottis but it's hard to see in the pic

Answer 25

marginal papillae are the sort of bigger papilla on the very edges of the tongue; hence "marginal"

Answer 26

The larynx is a bit under the "entrance to esophagus," if I were you I'd ask what the difference is on that final day of review.. or look for pics right now. Here's a pic of the textbook

Answer 27

these are two side-by-side papillae on the back of the tongue

Answer 28

yes or no; then once you're done with that it's just review. Keep track of how long it takes.

Answer 29

This would be a symmetrical slide right down the middle of the head and neck. Remember "Sagittal" is like if you cut down the middle of a saddle, for memorizational purposes we can spell it sattle

Answer 30

I think the conchae is like the inside of the nostril but I'm not a hundred percent on that

Answer 31

the tongue is the tongue. Always will be

Answer 32

Looks to me like the backhole right above the epiglottis. The nasal or nasopharynx

Answer 33

trachea is the part of the throat that's like spine parts, so it starts getting into what's-it-called oh yeah vertebrae

Answer 34

the holes on the outside of the rostral plate

Answer 35

I suppose this is just this inside of the nostril but I'll circle this and ask about it because there's also the term "conchae" \*\*

Answer 36

the esophagus is further back in the throat behind the laryngeal pharynx. be able to tell the difference between this and the laryngeal pharynx

Answer 37

the laryngeal pharynx is sort of like the ball pit for food at the back of the throat; it's above the esophagus, see the pic

Answer 38

\*\* I would double-check on this if you have a chance right now, it looks to me like a little hole in the throat [?] that goes back into the ear maybe. I am not sure what it does

Answer 39

the laryngeal cartilages maybe are like the little regions of cartilage that line the larynx going down the throat \*\*

Answer 40

epiglottis is the skin flap at the back of the throat that keeps food from choking you to death

Answer 41

the soft palate is the part on the top of the mouth that's not the hard palate; not the washboard

Answer 42

it's like the ballpit at the back of the oral part that would be where what-goes-in your mouth, starts and sits for a second

Answer 43

hard palate = the washboard part in mouth

Answer 44

the pointy, tippy tooth at the bottom. incisors

Answer 45

thymus is the "bubbly" stuff on either side of where the trachea is exposed -thymus gland; partially covering the heart

Answer 46

I think this must just be the "cavities" on either side of the lungs. I wouldn't be certain about that

Answer 47

it's the part of the venal cava that proceeds from the neck area down to between the lungs; it's on the side of the caudal lobe of the right lung. See pic

Answer 48

umbilical vein almost functions as the very bottom extension of the vena cava see pic. It's a huge vein going into the middle section of the pig, through its center parts

Answer 49

the larynx is the part I cut into accidentally while dissecting my pig; it's a sort of beadlike thing above the trachea where the food would go in. I'm not sure how I would answer a "trace question" where it might go through the larynx

Answer 50

My notes say "pink thing." To me the thyroid gland looks like it's under the larynx, above the trachea, and it's a bit soft and pink like one would expect a gland to be..

Answer 51

it's the top lobe of the right lung. cranial lobe; might be helpful to think it's the "closest lobe to the brain" and then remember the right side is of the pig not your right

Answer 52

the *heart of the pig is the heart of the pig* - main part of the circulatory system: along with arteries, veins, capillaries - pulmonary circulation moves oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart - the systemic circulatory system supplies all parts of the body with oxygen-rich blood via arteries and arterioles and returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart via venuoles and veins

Answer 53

the middle lobe of the right lung is the biggest lobe; also yeah the middle one

Answer 54

the stomach is the little pouch; you know which one the stomach is by now

Answer 55

the accessory lobe is only on the right and it's "behind caudal lobe" which means it would have to be dug for a bit. I'm not sure what the caudal lobe is.

Answer 56

spleen is the colored thing underneath the pouch that is the stomach - it is described in my notes as the red elongated organ extending around the outer curvature of the stomach ("resembles a tongue") - spleen helps destroy old red blood cells

Answer 57

it says it's also a "sac" that's within the lung area, here's a pic of it. I'd do a bit more research on this - it's also called the pericardium and is described as a thin tough membrane covering the heart - need to cut through sternum to open the thoracic cavity; will find heart still wrapped in this - here's like a really good pic of it

Answer 58

diaphragm is the major removable structure above the huge liver - thin brown muscular tissue, the tough musce which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities - esophagus goes through it to the stomach

Answer 59

much bigger and higher-up than the lateral lobes see pic

Answer 60

the lateral lobes are lower than the medial ones and are interesting

Answer 61

I have no idea but it might be a good time to check\*\*

Answer 62

the bubbly jelly stuff of the intestines check out this pic

Answer 63

it's the cavity within the big liver and lower intestines rest; the peritoneal cavity

Answer 64

The cranial lobe is the top lobe of the lung on the pig's right side. It's not very big

Answer 65

Here's a nice pic of the middle lobe of the right lung. It's quite a bit lower than the cranial lobe, a sort of armchair for the heart

Answer 66

It's the lowest lobe of the lung, my understanding is that it's kind of stuck back there but what makes the RS different from "accessory" is that the accessory lobe is almost more near the LS

Answer 67

the thymus is this patchy part right in front of the heart if it's cut a certain way. \*\*I might look up another way to describe it too

Answer 68

the caudal lobe of the lung is underneath the heart

Answer 69

pleural cavities are like where the lung goes in. the sort of space they go in, see pic

Answer 70

Actually it would seem that the cranial lobe goes up pretty high around the heart, see pic. The cranial lobe of the left lung is what I've described before as an armchair for it

Answer 71

Accessory lobe, look for the part right under the heart, right center

Answer 72

The diaphragm I believe can be described as a "sack" above the liver

Answer 73

the left coronary artery and great cardiac vein is this huge veiny thing over the heart itself see pics

Answer 74

I'm not sure but looks to me like the lining on the outside of the heart \*\* might be a good one to ask about

Answer 75

It's like a cut right down the half, so the back legs are one thing and the front legs are another.

Answer 76

\*\* not entirely sure here and i don't think I should eat dinner before 6 again, so I guess this card will serve as a reminder that I have to be more careful (and come back)

Answer 77

the gallbladder looks like a little green patch in the liver; it's pretty easy to spot -note that it's on the pig's RS [kind of like our left]

Answer 78

the cystic duct is the duct right beneath the gallbladder

Answer 79

the hepatic duct is further along than the cystic duct and sort of curves up a bit; to me it looks almost like a wishbone

Answer 80

the kidney really does look like a bean in the digestive system area

Answer 81

coils of ascending colon is just all the coily stuff that makes it clearly recognizable as the digestive system

Answer 82

the caecum is a little very specific closed-part of the large intestine; it looks like a sealed tip, see pic and don't lose points on this one

Answer 83

If I sort of remember correctly the urinary bladder is hard to differentiate exactly from the umbilical cord; looking at this pic is helpful. It's a bit of a pouch, sort of, like where the urine would be stored

Answer 84

It's a bit lower down than the cystic duct, leading in to the pancreas

Answer 85

the lateral lobes of the liver are the lowest, beneath the medial lobes \*\* might waent to kind of double-check on this because my understanding is they're a bit hard to spot

Answer 86

I can't for the life of me find an image of the transverse colon but it coms after the ascending colon and before the descending colon; here's a description of that from the online walker textbook. Hopefully I get my copy in the mail before the actual exam

Answer 87

the umbilical vein is the huge vein going down from center to middle; then the umbilical artery is the artery lower-down (urinary parts of the pig). See picture for a different POV

Answer 88

I remember the word "bubbly" being used for the jejuno ileum. In this picture it might be like this \*\* but you're going to want to be able to distinguish between it and large/small intestines

Answer 89

Here's a pretty good picture of it; it's the part sort of "beside" the trachea that's also obviously not the larynx. Around where food would go in and down

Answer 90

the stomach is the pouch just beside the spleen, above the pancreas (pic here also is good for distinguishing small/large intestine)

Answer 91

spleen is a little hard to see for what it is in this picture but it's the thing just below the stomach - if you are to slice it open the longitudnal ridges on the inside are called rugae - restricted caudal (tail) portion of the stomach leads to the small intestine

Answer 92

pancreas is kind of buried deep behind the stomach, spleen - it is described in my notes as a large white granular organ located beneath the stomach - makes a variety of digestive enzymes that travel to the small intestine through the pancreatic duct - the duct is difficult to find in the pig

Answer 93

duodenum is the coil coming right out of the system leading into the intestines

Answer 94

here's a good picture of the lobes of the liber though it doesn't really say which is medial and lateral so for that I'd go to pp48 of textbook. It looks like the right lobe kind of extends of the left one

Answer 95

the caudate is the lowest lobe, it's on the right side only (I think) -- and it's right above the right kidney which is like a bean on the right side

Answer 96

the colon or descending colon is the part where the feces goes out; see pic, I think it should be more or less obvious what this is - can follow the large intestine all the way to the rectrum and I assume this is what the descending colon is - waste material is stored in the rectrum and leaves the body through the anus

Answer 97

not seen; inside the pelvis and where the feces would actually be expelled from the pig's body

Answer 98

the big blue vein on the heart

Answer 99

\*\* what would this look like; I'd take a second extra to look it up

Answer 100

the ductus deferens\*\* is a little unclear to me still but it looks like a small vein coming down from the caudal vena cava; out of the heart into the next part of circulation. ugh that it's not a bit clearer to me at this point in my studies

Answer 101

a vein coming from the upper part of the abdomen to the lower; here's a picture for your consideration. The umbilical vein

Answer 102

spermatic cord is something I had kind of a visceral response to in this image; so I don't know if that can help -- it's the protruding thing that looks honestly like what-it-is

Answer 103

these are a sort of diverging wishbone-shaped pair of arteries in the pig's open body; check out this pic

Answer 104

the preputial orifice is male-only, it refers to a little hole under the umbilical cord thing from where a male pig would pee

Answer 105

In a slice topward [see pic], the umbilical vein is the biggest of the three little ones. Well this pic is about as unhelpful as possible but anyway here it is

Answer 106

It's #27 in this pic. The gubernaculum is lower than the testis or epididymus and I have no idea what it does

Answer 107

It's kind of the sacky part predissection that holds all the male stuff; the scrotum, see pic -scrotum is two sac-like openings

Answer 108

I think the penis and preputial orifice (slash gland) are like the same thing and it refers to the part, male only under the umbilical cord from where it would pee [see pic]

Answer 109

here's a good pic of where the rectum is though I don't think it's usually visible

Answer 110

if we were viewing a diagrammatic cross section through the cross section of the pig as viewed from the tail end, then the adrenal gland would be sort of like the eyebooger place on one side of the right kidney [#44 in the picture]

Answer 111

I think the renal cortex is like a very specific of lining inside the kidney [so it would be the furthest top right box in this unfilled diagram representing the dissection]

Answer 112

the renal calyx is also a part of the dissected pig kidney. It's like the leafy part in there check out the photograph

Answer 113

the testis is not the *most* obvious but it's pretty clear what it is; the sort of jellyish bean part of the dissected lower half of the pig

Answer 114

the renal arteries and veins are the arteries or veins going right into the kidney area. See pic

Answer 115

testicular artery is a little challenging so I might want to double check \*\* but it does look like an artery directly on the testicular area as opposed to somewhere else

Answer 116

Looks to me as though the bulbourethral glands are the glands on either side of the urinary tract; if you have a chance I'd double check on this. See pic for now

Answer 117

the epididymus sort of looks like a coil around the testis part of the dissected lower pig

Answer 118

I thought it was female only but apparently not. It's the pee passage leading up to the penis in a male see pic

Answer 119

aorta is the left (pig's RS) vessel at the top side of the heart; see pic. It's important but it looks like there might be an aorta After checking on this: - aorta is the most noticeable of pulmonary vein which carry blood from lungs to left atrium - the aorta curves to the left and passes cranially along the dorsal side of the thoracic and abdominal wall

Answer 120

the ureter is a little particular, I'm having a hard time finding a picture but it looks like the glandy thing located nearest to the actual intestines \*\* I'd double check on this but also hold to your guns

Answer 121

again: the urinary bladder is the pouchy thing going down the urinary tract where the pig would pee from see pic

Answer 122

do not confuse the ANUS with the urogenital opening [see pic]. the anus is the thing right below the tail (dorsal) whereas the other is higher up (ventral) e.g. in females: anus is located at base of tail dorsal to vagina. Urethral opening is the one highest up

Answer 123

\*\* you're definitely going to want to double check on this one. ## Footnote As the pig matures, the testes drop into the scrotal sacs, which are ventral to the anus. As a testis descends into the scrota) pouch, a passageway (the inguinal canal) forms. This canal contains blood vessels, nerves, the spermatic cord, and the sperm duct.

Answer 124

the pouch that holds the testis, epipdymus; it's kind of just inside the scrotum \*\* The cremasteric pouch is a thin walled elongated sac extending across the ventral surface of the thighs. Found within the scrotal sac and inguinal canals, it contains the testes and epididymis

Answer 125

look like the little shell-like parts surrounding the leaf prostrusions of the kidney. renal pyramid

Answer 126

The part right inside the kidney from where the ureter goes in

Answer 127

See picture for the full thing

Answer 128

horn of uterus, here it is in this image but I remember it as kind of a twisty thing

Answer 129

the body of the uterus is extended "lower" than the horn of the uterus; I'm unable to find a picture of it

Answer 130

I am not really sure how to describe the cervix of the uterus so I'll do this \*\*

Answer 131

this is such a tangled picture I don't see it helping at all but here is the urethra \*\*

Answer 132

the vagina looks similar to the urethra and I'd just take a second to distinguish one from the other \*\* sorry this makes no sense -- kind of looks like the "urethra" is on top of the vagina

Answer 133

the vaginal vestibule is a passage leading lower than the urethra or vagina; sort of like a column with some grooves in it

Answer 134

\*\* might want to find a more precise defn of the glans clitoridis but here's a picture for now. A sketch.

Answer 135

I remember the genital papillae as a little protruding papilla at the top of the anus area

Answer 136

\*\* find another pic!! I have no idea where this goes

Answer 137

the amnion is the outer most part in this image of an opened chorionic vessel

Answer 138

I can't find a picture of the chorion

Answer 139

in this image it looks like the handles on the opened chorionic vesicle of a fetal pig. the areolae

Answer 140

here is a full pic of it just so it's sitting somewhere. It is interesting looking, looks like a steering wheel on a spacecraft

Answer 141

the maternal lining is not shown in this pic\*\* but let's see if I can find something. It might refer to the placenta; I'm going to just use this pig of the fetus within the amniotic cavity and hope it sort of resolves itself

Answer 142

(flowing toward heart): cranial vena cava (head/arms), caudal vena cava (guts/legs), right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulonary trunk pulmonary arteries, capillaries in lung, pulonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, arch of the aorta, descending aorta Other items in figure (I guess do flash cards on these):

Answer 143

blood that is oxygenated and carbon dioxide-enriched is returned from mots of the body to the right atrium of the heart by two major veins and tributaries. The *cranial vena cava* drains the head neck and arms.

Answer 144

guts/legs version of the cranial vena cava. Here's the defn again: blood that is oxygen-depleted and carbon dioxide-enriched is returned from most of the body to the right atrium of the heart by two major veins and their tributaries. The *caudal vena cava* drains the caudal parts and inner organs of the bodies. for image: will assume it's also called "inferior vena cava" \*\* not confirmed

Answer 145

whrere blood that is oxygen-depleted and carbon dioxide-enriched goes via either the caudal or cranial vena cavas. It looks like a small flap on the RS of the pig

Answer 146

The Mitral valve, also referred to as the tricuspid valve, is one of two left heart valves. It separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The mitral valve has two cusps. See image

Answer 147

- After the blood leaves the right atrium, it flows to the right ventricle which, upon contraction, transports the blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. - The pulmonary artery comes off the right ventricle as the “pulmonary trunk”. The trunk then divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries. - The pulmonary arteries lead to the left and right lungs.

Answer 148

- After the blood leaves the right atrium, it flows to the right ventricle which, upon contraction, transports the blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. - The pulmonary artery comes off the right ventricle as the “pulmonary trunk”. The trunk then divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries. - The pulmonary arteries lead to the left and right lungs. [Image: looks kind of like a lighter shade shiny part next to the right atrium.] Additional notes: - it's the next largest and most noticeable of structures in the heart other than the aorta, carrying blood from lungs - rises from anterior portion of rightventricle and soon divides into L/R pulmonary arteries

Answer 149

I'd double-check on this. Here's a copied and pasted definition *CAPILLARIES are blood vessels in the walls of the alveoli. Blood passes through the capillaries, entering through your PULMONARY ARTERY and leaving via your PULMONARY VEIN. While in the capillaries, blood gives off carbon dioxide through the capillary wall into the alveoli and takes up oxygen from air in the alveoli.*

Answer 150

EXPLANATION: - Once in the lungs, the carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters. - The blood then returns through pulmonary veins and empties into the left atrium of the heart. STEPS: 1. Pulmonary veins are on posterior heart. 2. Openings are inferior to the pulmonary arteries. - if they're veins they should be dyed blue by the latex. Sounds like the oxgenated blood is the blue blood. Can think of it like it's got the stuff, the term blue bloods.

Answer 151

I'd say \*\* add a bit more when you get to this: \_\_\_. EXPLANATION: - After leaving the *left atrium*, the blood enters the left ventricle where it is pumped into the aorta. - The aorta then transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. STEPS: 1. Locate the large superior vessel that arches towards the posterior aspect of heart. This is the aorta. • Remind students that the aorta is the largest artery in the body.

Answer 152

Note: remember "you try before you buy." The bicuspid valve Mitral valve - the valve connecting the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Of the four heart valves, it is the only one with two cusps instead of three. It is also called the bicuspid valve.

Answer 153

Left ventricle - inferiorly-located chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the systemic circulation via the aorta.

Answer 154

Blood passes from the left ventricle through the _aortic arch_ and aorta to the body. The first branch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery. The second branch is the left subclavian artery which goes to the left front leg. The right subclavian carries blood to the right front leg and the carotids carry blood to the head.

Answer 155

The large vessel you see first when looking at the front of the heart is the pulmonary trunk. The aorta is found behind the pulmonary trunk. The first part of the aorta, where it leaves the left ventricle is known as the ascending aorta. The curved part is known as the aortic arch. The rest of the aorta is known as the *_descending aorta_*. They look white because of their thick walls. If you have injected animals, they will have colored latex on the inside, but it is not visible externally.

Answer 156

honestly it seems like this refers more to digestive system but here's a defn I found: At the segment of the abdominal aorta directly beneath the diaphragm, the median coeliac artery exists.

Answer 157

The celiac trunk is the first branch off the abdominal aorta and branches into the _hepatic artery_, the left gastric artery, and the splenic artery.

Answer 158

The part having two semilunar cusps acting asa valve (pulmonary trunk 1) merges distally into the two pulmonary arteries, whereas the other part has only one cusp acting as a valve (pulmonary trunk 2) and continues in a distal direction in an ampoule-shaped form and then mergesinto the _ligamentum arteriosum_. The valves of the valva trunci pulmonalis showirregular fibrous thickenings resulting in valvular stenosis. The foramen ovale is closed.

Answer 159

I got a good pic of the vein but this is the best I could do for definition: *Hepatic portal system – With careful work, all of the major veins of the hepatic portal system can be dissected. Often, gastrosplenic and gastroduodenal branches can also be found. See p. 67 of the FPDG.*

Answer 160

The umbilical vein enters the liver and its sinusoids, but as a result of the increasing blood volume as the fetus develops, essentially clears a path through the liver tissue. The resulting channel is known as the ductus venosus.

Answer 161

The bean-shaped adrenal glands are located near the anterior part of the kidneys. Both the kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal (located behind the peritoneum). Not the best definition but whatevs

Answer 162

The renal artery passes blood from the aorta to the kidney. The renal vein returns blood from the kidney to the posterior vena cava.

Answer 163

they're kind of the branching downward veins that aren't stained a certain color.

Answer 164

it's the soft slimy looking gland right at the center of the neck part see image. Definition: The thyroid is a small gland that lies directly on top of the trachea below the larynx. The thyroid produces thyroid hormone and also regulates cellular metabolism and calcium levels

Answer 165

Unlike humans who have three lobes on one side and two on the other, the right lung of a pig has four lobes and the left lung is divided into three. Much like humans, pigs inhale air through their mouth or external naires, commonly known as nostrils.

Answer 166

\*\* do a double check on this one so you know exactly what it is. Auricles have thin walls and act as receiving rooms for the blood while the ventricles below act as pumps, moving the blood away from the heart.

Answer 167

the internal jugular vein is the one closer to the undyed common carotid artery and will probably be dyed blue

Answer 168

This is not the correct defn but will have to do for now. Arm veins – The subclavian, _subscapular_ and cephalic veins are not well described and illustrated in some lab manuals. In the fetal pig, they are all normally branches of the external jugular vein, in the order of: subclavian first, subscapular in the middle, and cephalic last (closest to the head). The photo is what will be more helpful for this one

Answer 169

second branch is the left subclavian artery which goes to the left front leg. The right subclavian carries blood to the right front leg and the carotids carry blood to the head.

Answer 170

Find the septum on the right side of the right ventricle. This thick muscular wall separates the right & left pumping ventricles from each other. Inside the right ventricle, locate the pulmonary artery that carries blood away from this chamber.

Answer 171

I think we can expect the jugular veins to be dyed blue; the one on the right side would be the same as the left

Answer 172

The internal thoracic artery, aka the internal mammary artery, supplies the breast and the anterior chest wall. The internal thoracic artery travels along the inner surface of the anterior chest wall on both sides.

Answer 173

Vertebral artery – Some lab manuals describe the vertebral artery as a branch of the costocervical trunk. While this is true in humans, in the fetal pig the vertebral artery is normally a branch of the subclavian artery, very close to the origin of the costocervical trunk.

Answer 174

Ductus arteriosus — This short vessel in the fetal pig passes from the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. Before birth it is used as a shunt to bypass the lungs, which are collapsed. In adults it becomes a small ligament. (See Fig. 43 – Fetal Circulation for a complete description of the fetal circulatory pattern.)

Answer 175

It's the thing like on the side of the trachea. See image

Answer 176

The left azygous vein is present in the swine heart, returning blood from the body directly to the right atrium

Answer 177

The ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, named after the Italian physiologist Leonardo Botallo, is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.

Answer 178

put it here

Answer 179

artery cranial to the heart. The left subclavian artery goes to the left front leg.

Answer 180

It looks to me like kind of a red veiny thing that streams alongside the common carotid [Another definition] _Vertebral artery_ – Some lab manuals describe the vertebral artery as a branch of the *costocervical trunk*. While this is true in humans, in the fetal pig the vertebral artery is normally a branch of the subclavian artery, very close to the origin of the *costocervical trunk*.

Answer 181

this is very specific. It's kind of a branch coming down from the internal thoracic artery In this image it's #12

Answer 182

The *external thoracic artery* arises lateral to the first rib, curves around the craniomedial border of the deep pectoral muscle (accompanied with the external thoracic nerve and two veins) and supplies the superficial pectoral muscle I don't have a picture of this one \*\*

Answer 183

The pulmonary trunk is a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs. It's hard to find a picture of this one but I've done my best.

Answer 184

In the heart, the left pulmonary artery is the structure going in that looks a bit like the handle of an old man's cane

Answer 185

there's a few binded big veins going down, in this picture it's the red one further to the pig's left. [see pic. Here's a definition to go with it] *The aorta is found behind the pulmonary trunk. The first part of the aorta, where it leaves the left ventricle is known as the ascending aorta. The curved part is known as the aortic arch. The rest of the aorta is known as the descending aorta.*

Answer 186

Here is figure 5-8 as provided on the term sheet as the proper image to go with.

Answer 187

The fetus within the amniotic cavity looks like this [see image].

Answer 188

The umbilical vessels are all the vessels branching out on the underside of this diagram.

Answer 189

The amnion is shown in the image and is a little hard to distinguish so I'm going to look for a definition that helps me parse out the actual structure. Textbook says: *the fetus is surrounded by another extraembryonic membrane, the thin-walled, nonvascular amnion.*

Answer 190

A very good image...

Answer 191

Looks to me like the renal vein is a vein right on the kidney of the pig

Answer 192

Looks like a poppy seed muffin but with red/pink spots

Answer 193

A purple gash in the poppy seeds on the blood side

Answer 194

looks like tie dye gash

Answer 195

now we're getting to rash-like gash

Answer 196

definitely looks like a planet

Answer 197

Really looks like a gross scab on the kidney slide. Think word gross, sort of sounds similar

Answer 198

The white outer ring surrounding the gross scab that is the glomerulus on the kidney slide

Answer 199

kind of gnarly sunspotty surface but red-pink on surface of kidney slide

Answer 200

longer white stripes on sunspotty surface that makes up the kidney slide

Answer 201

Looks to me like an eye exam, brighter pink or purple

Answer 202

in the acinus, looks like eye exam but you've got spots on your eye? we'll say round

Answer 203

on pancreas slide, looks like a corn flake... at 1000x can start to see acilar cells * beta cells,* pancreas slide, produce insulin * delta cells,* pancreas slide, produce somatostatin

Answer 204

I could say the slide looks like the surface of a planet but I already said that so for this one we'll say specifically it looks like a marble-surfaced planet. Sometimes when you get closer the shapes change a bit so it's not like marble (see the images).

Answer 205

On lung slide, it looks like the soapy underside of a clear piece of tupperware in the sink. But it might be a bit more, like, bloody or some shit so we'll add this -- the sink is where someone just washed the blood off their hands. Note in the image I've included that the pointer is in what's called the Lumen, or the spongey hole.

Answer 206

The Bronchus is a more oak-like circular area within the image of a lung under a microscope. A lung slide. The pointer is in the lumen, remember consistently that the lumen is like the sponge hole -- as unglamorous as that sounds I'm pretty sure it's accurate. Or just like the hole in the image version of the lung slide. The circle part surrounding by denser sides.

Answer 207

Containing alveoli. I am not sure how to describe it but I think a clue here would be if the slide included were like the surface of the sun but the pointer were onto the further out part. I guess see the image.

Answer 208

On the lung slide, it's something that in this specific image looks a bit like a femur. I don't know what it is. But it looks pink, like the bronchiole slide -- a bit soapy. Yeah.

Answer 209

It looks like the side slice of a good steak. I think this should be helpful enough. See image.

Answer 210

On small intestine slide, the mucosa (contains villi, glands), looks like the part of it that's a blood orange. See image the part marked A.

Answer 211

The submucosa is more-or-less intuitive, it's what it sounds like -- the shell on the outside of the part that looks like a blood orange. (Has blood vessels, lymph nodes)

Answer 212

appears as a compact coil and is larger in diameter than the small intestine. Can help to locate junction of large and small intestine

Answer 213

In small intestine slide, this is what helps move the food. It is like the third ringe from the solar system that makes up the small intestine slide. Labeled C

Answer 214

Also helps move food but it's further out than the circular muscle; it's like saturn's fourth ring. See image it's D

Answer 215

The serosa in the small intestined, labeled E, is the furthest ring out just past the longitudnal muscle. see image

Answer 216

labeled F, this is like the serosa version of the mucosa, it's just the very tip outer edge of it ["separates mucosca from submucosa" says the slide]

Answer 217

the longer threads of the blood orange, labeled G in this image of the small intestine slide

Answer 218

My understanding is that these kind of look like goblets. This pink inner part of the much smaller textured layers of the blood orange part. Labeled H

Answer 219

This is the white outer part of the much smaller textured layers of the blood orange part. It's called goblet because it holds the intestinal gland like a cup? "Lubricate by producing mucus"

Answer 220

Overall it looks like a fruitier version of the small intestine. I don't know if that's just a feature of the given photographs but, I'd say the texture of the mucosa just looks a bit fruitier, yeah

Answer 221

Mucosa of large intestine looks like zebra pattern you'd shop for at a store; pink and white

Answer 222

Again it's the layer just outside the mucosa, which is like the flavored part of an orange

Answer 223

It's the peel of the orange, we'll say that. Labeled C in this image

Answer 224

It's the fourth ring outside of the mucosa that makes up the long intestine. See image

Answer 225

In this one again it's the outer outer part of the entire slide given

Answer 226

they're the white part of the fleshy part of the orange in the intestine slides

Answer 227

I don't know if it'll be purple but the ovary should be relatively easy to recognize because look at it. I'd describe it as a neon-looking slime with little live looking amoeba cells in it; check it out then try to memorize the image

Answer 228

I like how the word oocyte totally aligns with the slide we're examining. It's like the outer shell of this guy.

Answer 229

Is thewhite part inside this image but at a closer look it looks like I don't know the hole in a planet; I think what makes it different from the secondary and tertiary follicle is that it's sometimes connected to other follicles

Answer 230

looks more like the snakelike coating you'd see around a whatever-the-other-thing is called

Answer 231

There you are ok. The tertiary follicle on the ovary slide is unlike the others in that it's not connected to other follicles; at least this is what I think.

Answer 232

the liver looks like a photograph of the heart, you could say a steak but I already said that for the intestines. More like a heart and up close it looks like sandpaper against a heart. Of course it's a bit of a problem to say "it looks like a heart" (to memorize) when it's actually just the liver

Answer 233

I don't know what the portal triad is but it looks like a long of the liver slide which exists specifically in these white sort of veiny parts of it. See pic. It's like where the forks of the vein kind of connect

Answer 234

On the liver slide it's the part of it that's veiny white

Answer 235

it's a little thinner and not the portal vein; similar though in that it's white and surrounded by pink parts in the liver slide -- see image it's labeled C

Answer 236

In the liver slide int's the whitest most circular part of it. the bile duct

Answer 237

the hepatocytes on the liver slide might just be the sandpapery parts of it

Answer 238

in the liber slide it is distinct for the portal vein or hepatic artery in that it's more just like, a white floater in there amidst all the pink stuff

Answer 239

You'll be able to recognize the testis because damn does it look like a gross bacteria-prone area -- at least in the slide version. See pic

Answer 240

So these are a little hard to identify but the good news is that you can recognize that it's from the testis just by the sounds of it. It's the gray part on the testis slide, labeled A here

Answer 241

It's a bit more like a mole that's not cancerous with weird coloring yet versus the spermatogonia see images

Answer 242

This one is like hella infected mole -- looks like it's sometimes called something else though

Answer 243

is the top part of the sperms if you are able to identify those. and I'll just use the tail here too, see -- I'm guessing the pointer would be placed very carefully so the trick might be spelling "spermatozoa" correctly F is the intestinal cell

Answer 244

produces testosterone (there you gooo) it looks like a sea anoemaninaia have no idea how to spell

Answer 245

this one is like some modern art shit like seriously. I've used a lot of my comparisons to planets or meat already so I'm going to say this one looks like a superball

Answer 246

in the trachea and esophagus slide it's the part that's sort of red and ringular. I don't think ringular is a word but it's going to be for study purposes ok. Check out the pic I think it's also just the mucosa? Not sure

Answer 247

It's the most yellow part, the mucosa is darker pink

Answer 248

Mucosa is the yellow part labeled C in this pic

Answer 249

Mucosa is the red part, Sub is the yellow, circular muscle is the further out orange

Answer 250

Would make sense to go through this more closely \*\* I'll include the image with the descriptions so that you can do this when you get a chance

Answer 251

This one just looks like a vagina. Artery/vein/nerve. It also looks kind of like a steak but it's distinct from the ___ (which I already said looks like a steak)\*\* in that it's \_\_\_\_.

Answer 252

on artery/vein/nerve slide.. What makes the artery different from the vein, while both look vaguely (for memorizational purposes) like a vag maybe, the artery is more circular while the vein is like a sperm. Ugh But truly if you look at these specific images provided to us in the packet it works; the artery is the one on top. A denotes the entire thing

Answer 253

Comes up on both artery and vein slide and it says "external layer support." I guess I wouldn't overcomplicate; it's the pink fleshy part that makes up the meat around the opening.

Answer 254

on artery/vein/nerve slide.. it says "central support; contains several nuclei of smooth muscle" -- I am not sure how to describe but it comes up in artery and vein slide and it's kind of a circe structure near the tunica intima or inside layer. Almost like a gland going into the intima. See image it's B

Answer 255

on artery/vein/nerve slide.. tunica intima is the bulb part if the vein were a glass pipe. See the image. It's not necessarily going to be the case that the vein is shaped like a pipe but I think this gets at how it's the bubble itself, and the word "adventitia" sounds a bit like envelope so that might help you think of it like the part that you put stuff into. See image of tunica intima -- B

Answer 256

on artery/vein/nerve slide.. the vein looks a bit like a sperm inside of a slab of steak. Unfortunately I already used the steak image for something else.. I think it was the \_\_\_\*\* But yeah the vein looks like a sperm or long white part inside the pink slice and it's distinct from the artery in that it's longer than thinner; just has a different shape

Answer 257

Sugar digestion: first place occurs is in the mouth [amylase, salivary glands] second place is in the duodenum [also fam of enzymes called amylase]. Fat digestion: mouth [lipase from salivary gland], duodenu, [lipase from pancreas]. Protein digestion: stomach [pepsinogen, produced by chief cells formed in corpus], Hcl, pepsin \*\*so I guess the protein one is a little shady

Answer 258

the urogenital opening in the male is posterior (closer to tail) to the umbilical cord

Answer 259

Determine the sex of your pig by looking for the urogenital opening. On females, this opening is located near the anus. On males, the opening is located near the umbilical cord. If your pig is female, you should also note that urogenital papilla is present near the genital opening.

Answer 260

located in v front of oral cavity

Answer 261

located toward back of oral cavity

Answer 262

a common passage for food going to the esophagus and air going to the lungs

Answer 263

is the large, reddish-brown organ that occupies much of the abdominal space

Answer 264

small intestine is not loose in the abdominal cavity but is held in places by the mesentery; looks almost like some underwater thing -can look for veins and arteries within it

Answer 265

they are microscopic fingerlike projections which increase the SA for absorption

Answer 266

below the junction of small and large intestine can be found a small pouch-like structure called the caecum, seen well in this image -same item that is the appendix in humans

Answer 267

how can you visually distinguish between the two atria and two ventricles? the atria are the small flaps on top and the ventricles are like the vacuum bag to those parts

Answer 268

pig may have been injected with colored latex to help locate the veins (blue) and arteies (red). - locate anterior and posterior vena cava - anterior vena cava: higher to the head - posterior " : underneath the actual heart I'm not a hundred percent sure on that.

Answer 269

here's a good pic of the posterior vena cava; I remember putting the anterior somewhere else. The posterior carries blood from the caudal portion of the body (tail portion) -I'd say what differentiates the anterior and posterior vena cava is that the former is higher, not buried; the latter is further down, buried behind other organs and muscles

Answer 270

named for the body parts they serve. The gastric artery lead to the stomach, the hepatic artery leads to the liver, the renal artery leads to the kidney and carotid artery leads to the head. -we're asked to "locate the carotid artery, jugular vein, and the descending aorta" I found a good image that gets the job done

Answer 271

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium left ventricle [see pic] Then remember the valves: tricuspid and bicuspid \*\* See if you can find a picture of that sh right now -septum is the structure btwn the two ventricles

Answer 272

Should be able to see these on the surface of the heart

Answer 273

this was somewhere else within this pack of flash cards but the important thing to know is this. A characteristic feature of the fetal mammalian heart is the ductus arteriosus. This short vessel allos blood to bypass pulmonary circulation until birth, at which time there is a complete closure of the vessel.

Answer 274

Nitrogeneous waste from shoulder --\> R/L subscapular vein --\> R/L subclavian vein --\> R/L brachiocephalic vein --\> cranial vena cava --\> right atrium --\> tricuspid valve --\> right ventricle --\> pulmonary valve --\> pulmonary trunk --\> ductus arteriosis (shunts you to..) --\> descending aorta --\> umbilical artery --\> vessels of the maternal lining --\> central abdominal vein --\> caudal vena cava --\> right atrium --\> tricuspid valve --\> right ventricle --\> pulmonary valve --\> pulmonary trunk --\> Right/left pulmonary artery --\> Right/left lung --\> Right/left pulm vein --\> left atrium --\> bicuspid valve --\> left ventricle --\> aortic valve --\> arch of aorta --\> descending aorta --\> [Liver] coeliac artery --\> hepatic artery --\> liver sinusoid --\> conversion of nitrogeneous waste into urea --\> central vein --\> hepatic vein --\> caudal vena cava --\> right atrium --\> tricuspid valve --\> right ventricle --\> pulmonary valve --\> pulmonary trunk --\> right/l pulmonary artery --\> r/L lung --\> r/l pulmonary vein --\> LA --\> BV --\> LV --\> aortic valve --\> arch of aorta --\> descending aorta --\> [kidney] renal artery --\> hepatic arteriole --\> glomerulus --\> diffusion across Bowman's capsule --\> PCT --\> loop of Henley --\> collection ducts --\> ureter --\> urinary bladder --\> urethra --\> orifice of urethra --\> vaginal vestibule --\> vulva --\> out, excreted as urine.

Answer 275

_Systems:_ _Key points:_ -it is not urea it is nitrogeneous waste [Liver] coeliac artery --\> hepatic artery --\> liver sinusoid --\> conversion of nitrogeneous waste into urea --\> central vein --\> hepatic vein --\> caudal vena cava --\> right atrium - cannot be like "descending aorta to renal artery because it hasn't been converted to Urea" - I think in addition you have to list the parts of the kidney as opposed to just kidney

Answer 276

subscapular vein.

Answer 277

pulmonary arteries --\> capillaries of the alveoli --\> [diffusion into] alveoli --\> bronchioles --\> trachea --\> larynx --\> glottis --\> laryngeal pharynx --\> nasal pharynx --\> internal nostril --\> conchae --\> external nostril --\> outside.

Fetal Pig Dissection Flashcards

Learn the parts of a pig and do respectably on the midterm (317 cards)