Fetal Urogenital Patho

Question 1

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease used to be known as:

infantile

adult

human

geriatric

Answer 1

adult

Question 2

Assessment of amniotic fluid usually provides important information about the fetal renal function.

True

False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Is bladder exstrophy more common in females or males?

males

females

Answer 3

males

Question 4

Which ectopia is the most common fusion anomaly of the kidney?

crossed fused renal ectopia

pelvic kidney

crossed renal ectopia

horseshoe kidney

Answer 4

horseshoe kidney

Question 5

What is the most common form of renal cystic disease in childhood and represents one of the most common abdominal masses in the neonate?

ADPKD

ARPKD

MCDK

obstructive cystic renal dysplasia

Answer 5

MCDK

Question 6

Favorable prognosis of MCDK is associated with what?

unilateral w/ other abnormalties

bilateral

unilateral w/o other abnormalities

Answer 6

unilateral w/o other abnormalities

Question 7

An enlarged bladder is termed megacystis.

True

False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Why do female fetuses usually get ovarian cysts?

urine back up

fetal hormones

maternal/placental hormone stimulation

Answer 8

maternal/placental hormone stimulation

Question 9

What 3 things characterize Prune Belly Syndrome? Select 3.

bladder agenesis

megacystis

cryptorchidism

hydrocele

deficiency of abd musculature

Answer 9

megacystis
cryptorchidism
deficiency of abd musculature

Question 10

Where is the most common location for the kidney when renal ectopia occurs?

left leg

thorax

pelvis

absent

Answer 10

pelvis

Question 10

Color doppler should be utilized to determine the if the ___ are present or absent. This will help determine if renal agenesis has occurred.

renal arteries

adrenal arteries

Answer 10

renal arteries

Question 11

Unilateral renal agenesis is less common than bilateral renal agenesis.

True

False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common reason for postnatal ____ of the urinary tract.

removal

surgery

Answer 12

surgery

Question 13

You can distinguish between a Wilm’s tumor and a congenital mesoblastic nephroma through ultrasound only.

True

False

Answer 13

False

Question 14

This is the most common hereditary renal cystic disease. It’s associated with cysts in the kidneys, liver, and possibly pancreas and spleen.

ADPKD

ARPKD

Obstructive Cystic Renal Dysplasi

Answer 14

ADPKD

Question 15

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease used to be known as:

infantile

adult

human

geriatric

Answer 15

adult

Question 16

Assessment of amniotic fluid usually provides important information about the fetal renal function.

True

False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the different ways that amniotic fluid volume can be assessed?

AFI

MVP

subjectively

all listed

Answer 17

all listed

Question 18

Ambiguous genitalia difficult to diagnose sonographically, it can require genetic karyotyping to truly determine male or female.

True

False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

This autosomal recessive congenital disorder affects both fetal kidneys and biliary tract.

ARPKD

ADPKD

MCKD

Answer 19

ARPKD

Question 20

Bilateral renal cystic dysplasia is caused by severe bladder _____.

infection

wall thickening

outlet obstruction

UVJ obstruction

Answer 20

outlet obstruction

Question 21

When renal agenesis occurs bilaterally, what is the major cause of neonatal death?

pulmonary hypoplasia

polyhydramnios

contralateral kidney disease

bilateral is compatible with life

Answer 21

pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 22

Bladder exstrophy is caused by failure of what to close?

anterior abd wall

posterior abd wall

Answer 22

anterior abd wall

Question 23

Is bladder exstrophy more common in females or males?

males

females

Answer 23

males

Question 24

What time is considered to be sufficient to say there was persistent absence of the fetal urinary bladder? 10 minutes 40 minutes 60 minutes 25 minutes

Answer 24

60 minutes

Question 25

What is considered a thickened bladder wall measurement? <3mm >3mm <3cm >3cm

Answer 25

>3mm

Question 26

Congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies make up about ____% of all malformations detected on routine prenatal sonography. 20 23 30 33

Answer 26

30

Question 27

The most common renal tumor in fetuses and newborns, benign. Wilm's tumor congenital mesoblastic nephroma neuroblastoma

Answer 27

congenital mesoblastic nephroma

Question 28

The contralateral kidney in cases of unilateral renal agenesis may appear atrophied due to compensatory processes. True False

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Which ectopia is the most common fusion anomaly of the kidney? crossed fused renal ectopia pelvic kidney crossed renal ectopia horseshoe kidney

Answer 29

horseshoe kidney

Question 30

The keyhole sign is caused by: select 2 answers small bladder dilated bladder nonvisualized bladder dilated proximal urethra dilated distal urethra

Answer 30

dilated bladder dilated proximal urethra

Question 31

What is the most common form of renal cystic disease in childhood and represents one of the most common abdominal masses in the neonate? ADPKD ARPKD MCDK obstructive cystic renal dysplasia

Answer 31

MCDK

Question 32

Prognosis of MCDK depends upon what? Is it occurring ________. unilaterally w/ other abnormalities bilaterally unilaterally w/o other abnormalities all listed

Answer 32

all listed

Question 33

In multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, what is located between each cyst? echogenic stroma normal parenchyma

Answer 33

echogenic stroma

Question 34

What is megacystis? enlarged bladder small bladder no bladder bladder w/ a foley normal bladder

Answer 34

enlarged bladder

Question 35

Is megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome an obstructive or non-obstructive cause of megacystis? obstructive non-obstructive

Answer 35

non-obstructive

Question 36

Using the Maximum vertical pocket method of measuring AFV, what pocket depth would be an indicator of oligohydramnios? <2cm >2cm <7cm >7cm

Answer 36

<2cm

Question 37

Why do female fetuses usually get ovarian cysts? urine back up deficient ovary maternal/placental hormone stimulation

Answer 37

maternal/placental hormone stimulation

Question 38

What is penile chordee? abnormal curvature small straight normal spiral

Answer 38

abnormal curvature

Question 39

This image shows symmetrically enlarged, echogenic kidneys, the fetus has a family history of the same condition. Follow up scans continue to show renal enlargement. MCDK ARPKD ADPKD ADPKD UPJ obstruction

Answer 39

ADPKD

Question 40

Unilateral renal agenesis is less common than bilateral renal agenesis. True False

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What 3 things characterize Prune Belly Syndrome? bladder agenesis megacystis cryptorchidism hydrocele deficiency of abd musculature

Answer 41

megacystis cryptorchidism deficiency of abd musculature

Question 42

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common reason for postnatal ____ of the urinary tract. removal surgery

Answer 42

surgery

Question 43

Where is the most common location for the kidney when renal ectopia occurs? left leg thorax pelvis absent

Answer 43

pelvis

Question 44

Color doppler should be utilized to determine the if the ___ are present or absent. This will help determine if renal agenesis has occurred. renal arteries adrenal arteries 3VC twinkle artifact

Answer 44

renal arteries

Question 45

What are the features of 'Potter's sequence' caused by? normal AFV polyhydramnios oligohydramnios amniotic bands

Answer 45

oligohydramnios

Question 46

You can distinguish between a Wilm's tumor and a congenital mesoblastic nephroma through ultrasound only. True False

Answer 46

False

Question 47

After ___ weeks, fetal urine production becomes the major source of amniotic fluid. 13 11 16 24

Answer 47

16

Question 48

This condition is more common in males, unilateral up to 75% of the time, and commonly presents with a primary megaureter. ureteropelvic junction obstruction vesicoureteral junction obstruction keyhole bladder sign

Answer 48

vesicoureteral junction obstruction

Question 49

Using the Maximum vertical pocket method of measuring AFV, what pocket depth would be an indicator of polyhydramnios? <8cm >5cm >8cm <5cm

Answer 49

>8cm

Question 50

What can be mistaken as a kidney in cases of renal agenesis? select all that apply bowel adrenal gland liver bladder

Answer 50

bowel adrenal gland

Question 51

While performing an anatomy scan at 19 weeks, you do not see the right or left kidney in the lower abdomen as expected. You move to look for the bladder next and see it appears normal. You begin to assess for a possible renal abnormality while baby is spine down. Finding a bridge of solid tissue anterior to the aorta and IVC, which renal abnormality have you found? horseshoe kidney crossed fused renal ectopia unilateral renal agenesis double collecting system

Answer 51

horseshoe kidney