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FETUS Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between gestational age and period after fertilisation
TROPHOBLAST DIVIDES INTO CYTO ROPHOBLAST AND syncitiotrophoblast 8days after fertilisation what is the gestational age of the fetus

A

Gestational age or fetal age or period of pregnancy are taken from 1st day of last menstrual period & period after fertilisation is from 14th day of the cycle when fertilisation occurs
Gestational age =2 weeks + period after fertilisation
Ans for above
2weeks + 8days

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2
Q

Everything by default is taken to be gestational age xcept

A

Fetal growth periods

These are normally xpressed indays after fertilisation

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3
Q

Different growth period of a baby

A 
Fertilised ova ( zygote)
From day of fertilisation:-2weeks
Gestational age 4 weeks
Embryo
3to8weeks
5 to 10 weeks
Fetal
Morethan or = 9 weeks
11 weeks
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4
Q

Most teratogenic period

A

Embryonivc period

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5
Q

Total duration of pregnancy and division into trimester

A 
Total duration = 280days/40weeks/9month
                   \+
               7 days
Trimester accto williams
1st= 13weeks+ 6days
2nd = 14weeks till 27weeks + 6days
3rd = 28weeks till 40 weeks
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6
Q

Estimation of fetal age clinically ?

A

By fundal heigt

See image in marrow notes

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7
Q

What is lightening or welcome sign

A

Marrow notes

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8
Q

Usg estimation of fetal age what parameters are used?

A

Marrow notes

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9
Q

When is usg more accurate

A

Early in pregnancy

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10
Q

Edd should not be changed based on usgxcept in

A

Cases of ivf

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11
Q

Crown rump length is a measurement taken fromwhat to what
GESTATIONAL AGEIN WEEKS?
GEST AGE IN DAYS =?
BASED ON CRL

A

Marrow notes

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12
Q

Crown rump length increases at rate of

A

1 mm per day

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13
Q

Smallest CRL at which embryo is visible

A

4 to 5 mm

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14
Q

If CRL IS MORE THAN or =7 MM WITH NO CARDIAC ACTIVITY

A

Missed abortion

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15
Q

Suboptimally dated on usg

A

If a female has not got any usg done before 22 weeks of pregnancy

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16
Q

Biparietal diameter measured frm?

A

Outer table of one side to inner table of another side

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17
Q

Hasse rule?

A

Marrow notes

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18
Q

Assesment of weight of fetus

A

Clinically jhonsons formula
Usg= shepherd formula
Hadlock formula

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19
Q

Assesment of fetal growth on usg is done by?

A

Abdominal circumference it should be measured in a plane where portAl sinus umblical vein & stomach are visible

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20
Q

Macrosomia called when?

A

Abdominal circumferance=or more than 35cm

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21
Q

Femoral length divided by abdominal circumfernce is equal to
Normal
Ratio increased in?
Decresd in?

A

20 to 40 %
Inc = IUGR
DEC = SKELETAL DYSPLASIA

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22
Q

Fetal hematopoesis occurs at what site and type of hb produced

A

Marrow notes

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23
Q

Initially fetal rbcs are nucleated and macrocytic later size decreases but this does not happen in

A

Aneuploid fetuses

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24
Q

Diff btw detal & adult rbcs

A

Fetal rbcs are macrocytic and short life span ( 90) days

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25
At the time of birth amnt and comp of hb of baby
16 to 18 g/ dl 75 to 80% hbf 20 to 25 % hba
26
By what age hbf will be less than 1 %
6 months
27
Hbf and hba diff
Marrow notes
28
Fetal gross movements seen at
7 weeks
29
Meconium production starts at
16 weeks or 4 months
30
Gonad formation which one formed first
7 weeks | Testis formed first
31
Internal genitilia formed by
10 weeks
32
External genitilia | 100 % sex can be determined by.
Female 12 weeks Male 14 weeks 14 weeks
33
Glucagon synthesis by
8 weeks
34
Breathing movements
11 weeks
35
Insulin production & hp axis
12 weeks
36
Featl urine
12 weeks
37
Igm production begins at | IGg transported to fetus at
20 weeks | 16 weeks
38
Surfactant production begins at? | Present in amniotic fluid by
20weeks | 28weeks
39
Uses of usg in pregnancy
``` To confirm preg Intrauerine preg / ectopic preg To know twin preg To detect congenital malformations To asses growth of fetus and fetal age ```
40
High freq usg bettr? | Low freq usg bettr?
Resolution | Penetration
41
Advisable usg freq?
Early preg- 5 to 10 megahz Late qst & 2nd trim 4 to 6 MHZ 3 RD TRIM 2 TO 5MHZ
42
Alara principle?
Xpose preg female to usg as low as reasonably advised
43
Routine usg _ mode?
BMODE
44
To see cardiac activity what mode.
M MODE
45
At what period following structures are seeen inTAS /TVS GEST SAC YOLK SAC CARDIAC ACTIVITY
Marrow notes
46
1st sign of preg on usg
Gest sac
47
1st sign of intrauterine preg
Yolk sac
48
Diff btween intrauterine preg and ectopic preg
Marrow notes
49
What is blighted ovum
Mean sac diametr > or= 25mm & no fetal tissue/ yolk sac / cardiac activity
50
Types of usg in preg and what can they dtect
Marrow notes
51
Best time to do Tiffa
16 to 20 weeks
52
Annenceephaly on usg Earliest time to be detected? Best time to bedetected Signs
Marrow notes
53
Signs of spina bifida on usg
Marrow notes
54
Best time for usg to localise placenta
3rd trim
55
Most common presentation in anencephaly
Face
56
Anencephaly presents with?
Vault or skull absent Hypoplastic adrenals- post dated preg Polyhydramnios
57
Which defect more common in females & which one in males.
Anencephaly - F | Respiratory distress & macrosomia - M
58
Managment of anencephaly
MTP
59
Folic acid supplementation benefits?
Marrow
60
Dosage of folic acid?
Marrow notes
61
Ideal time for giving folic acid
MN
62
Tab provided by govt of india contains | RDA for FA in pregnant female
500mcg | 500mcg
63
Folic acid dosage in females with histry of NTD
MN
64
``` Diag of anencephaly Screening test? Routinely done Best done ? Diagnostic test earlier? & now. ```
Mn
65
Alpha feto protien ( AFP) SYNTH BY? Major source?
Mn
66
At what times it is present in fetal serum? Amniotic fluid? | Maternal serum?
Highest at13 weeks Highest at 13 weeks Highest at 32 weeks
67
T half of afp
5 to 7 days
68
Increases afp seen in.? | Dec afp seen in?
Mn
69
``` Earlistime at which gestational sac can be identified on tvs fromLMP A) 20 day B)25day C)30days D)35days ```
Ans C
70
``` Earliest time gestational sac can be identified on tvs from fertilisation A) 20days B)25days C)30days D)35days ```
A
71
``` Gestational sac can be visualised on usg A)4weeks B)5weeks C)6weeks D)7weeks ```
B
72
Female 6 weeks preg came with spottingin usg mean sac diametr 20mm What is nxt step?
I will wait for 1 week and then take mean sac diameter and if it is more than 25mm and still no fetal tissue appears then ieill call it blighted ovum
73
what is another name of apt test?
singer alkali denaturation test
74
``` difference between apt test and kleuhar betke test under following headings? purpose? reagent? type qualt or quant? differentiates btw? ```
mn
75
signs of anencephaly on usg?
frog eye sign | mickey mouse sign
76
signs of spina bifida can be detected in which trimester?
1st
77
is ventral wall defect normal in a fetus? | when is it pathological?
yes it is physiological upto 12 weeeks it is pathological when it continuies beyond 12 weeks or size of defect is more than or equal to 7mm
78
what is the pathological ventral wall defect called? | how do u diff between two?
gastroschesis omphalocele omphalocele is covered by sac defect will have smooth contour on usg in gastroschisis defect will have irregular contour
79
most sensitive biochemical marker for anencephaly or neural tube defct
acetylcholineesterase
80
when is the screening test of maternal srum afp positive in single preg? in twin preg?
>or equal to 2.5 multiples of meridian insingle preg | >or equal to 3.5 multiples of meridian in twin preg

Obstetrics (3 decks)

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