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6th Grade > Feudalism, Knighthood, & Crusades > Flashcards

Feudalism, Knighthood, & Crusades Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

When the nobles of continental Europe fortified their estates against the Viking invaders, what did the local peasants offer the nobles in return for their protection?

A
  1. Tracts of Land

2. Work In the Fields

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2
Q

Who did a Knight lease land from?

A

A Noble

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3
Q

What is another word for a Noble

A

A Lord

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4
Q

What is the name of a Knight who leased land called?

A

A Vassal

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5
Q

What was the plot of land leased (for military service) by the Knight called?

A

A Fief

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6
Q

What was the relationship between lords and vassals and peasants called?

A

The Feudal System

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7
Q

Who owned all the land in a Kingdom?

A

The King

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8
Q

What was structure of land ownership in a feudal society

A

King - Counts/Barons (Tennants in Chief) - Knights and Nobles

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9
Q

When a vassal received a fief, what was the name of the ceremony where the vassal promised to fight for the noble called?

A

A Homage

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10
Q

What was the Vassal’s/Knight’s main responsibilities?

A

1) Military service to the Lord

2) Military protection for the peasants

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11
Q

What was the Lord’s responsibility?

A

1) Protect vassals land from invading armies

2) Collect Taxes

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12
Q

Who invaded and brought the feudal system to England?

A

William The Conqueror

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13
Q

Henry II changed feudal system through the practice of “scutage”? What was different about scutage?

A

Vassals paid money to Lord instead of military service

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14
Q

Scutage led to the development of what military practice by Kings?

A

National Armies

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15
Q

Estates owned by Lords were called?

A

Manors

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16
Q

How much land did Lords lease to peasants?

A

2/3

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17
Q

What did peasants give to the Lords in return for use of the land?

A

harvested crops

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18
Q

What were peasants called in the feudal system?

A

Serfs

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19
Q

What grains were staples of the Serfs diet?

A

Rye and Barley

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20
Q

What was the name of the person who ran the lord’s mill and ground the grains into flour?

A

Miller

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21
Q

Each manor had a court. Who oversaw and ran the court at each manor?

A

The Lord of the Manor

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22
Q

Early castles included what features?

A

Moat, motte, and bailey

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23
Q

Stone castles included what features?

A

Moat, drawbridge, gatehouse, curtain (walls), keep, Great Hall

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24
Q

A long attack against a castle was know as a ___________?

A

A Siege

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25
What are some siege weapons used to destroy castle walls and gates?
Battering Ram, Trebuchet, Ballista, Tunnels
26
In the feudal system when a father died, who inherited the land?
Eldest Son
27
What career choices did the non-eldest sons of Lord and Nobles have?
Clergy or Knight-Errant
28
What did early Knights wear into battle?
Chain-mail, helmet, leather gambeson
29
What did later Knights wear into battle?
Suit of Armor
30
What are Knights weapons?
Sword, Battle Axe, Hammer, Flail, Mace
31
What was the name of a Knight's War Horse?
Destrier
32
What were important advancements for riding horses into medieval battles?
HorseShoe, Stirrups, Saddle
33
What is a coat of arms?
A crest worn by a Knight that is unique and symbolic
34
What was a young knight called during his first part of training. This usually started at age 7?
A Page
35
Upon completion of training as a Page, what did a Knight in training become?
A Squire
36
At what age did a Squire become a Knight?
20
37
Where did Knights practice their fighting skills?
Tournaments of jousts
38
What was the Code Of Chivalry?
Rules of Good Behavior for a knight
39
Why was Code of Chivalry needed?
Knights were often cruel, rough, and obnoxious
40
What were Troubadors?
Poets and Musicians who wrote about heroic deeds of Knights
41
What was the most famous example of an epic troubador song?
The Song of Roland about Charlemagne
42
What was another famous epic troubador poem about a King of England?
King Arthur and Knights of Roundtable
43
What was the name of the search for the last chalice used in the Last Supper called?
Search For The Holy Grail
44
Exclusive clubs of Knights founded by Kings in late Middle Ages were called?
Orders of Chivalry
45
When did Arab Muslims first conquer Palestine and gain control of Jerusalem?
638
46
Did Arab Muslims allow Christians to visit holy sites in Jerusalem?
Yes
47
When did Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem?
1076
48
Why did Alexius I, ruler of Byzantium appeal to Western Church to help him?
Turks, known as Saracens, were preparing to invade Constantinople
49
When did Pope Urban II make appeal for 1st Crusade to remove Saracens from Holy Lands?
1095 at Council of Clermont
50
What did the Pope promise?
Property would be protected. All debts would be forgiven. If you died, you would go to Heaven
51
When did Orthodox Church of Constantinople split with Roman Catholic Church?
1095
52
What were people who went to conquer Jerusalem called?
Crusaders
53
When did the first crusade occur?
1096 - 1099
54
Why did it take 3 years for Crusaders to reach Jerusalem?
Long Way, Poor Supplies, No Local Support, Different Climate
55
What did Crusaders do when they finally entered Jerusalem on June 7, 1099?
Massacred everyone
56
Who was titled "Defender of the Holy Sepulcher"?
Godfrey of Bouillon
57
What was the name of the feudal territories conquered by crusaders?
Outremer (Kingdom Beyond The Sea)
58
What group was formed to protect travelers to the Holy Land but really just started killing all non-Christians?
Templars
59
What good things did Templars establish?
Network of Castles throughout Europe, Middle East, and Africa Banking System
60
What other group was established to help travelers to Holy Land?
Hospitallers
61
When was the 2nd Crusade?
1147 - 1149
62
Who led the 2nd Crusade?
French King Louis VII and Conrad III
63
When was the 3rd Crusade?
1189 - 1192
64
Who united the Muslims in the Middle East in 1174?
Saladin
65
When did Saladin capture Jerusalem?
1187
66
Who led the 3rd Crusade for Christians?
King Richard of England
67
What ended the 3rd Crusade?
Treaty between Richard and Saladin. Richard had to return to England because King Philip of France was planning on seizing the throne.
68
When Richard went back to England what happened on journey back?
Held ransom by Leopold of Austria for $100,000 silver marks
69
When did the 4th Crusade happen?
1204
70
Instead of attacking Jerusalem, what did Crusaders attack?
Zara and Constantinople
71
Who benefitted most from 4th Crusade? and why?
Venetians. They had a trading monopoly on the Mediterranean Sea.
72
What were effects of first 3 crusades?
1. Trends imported back from Muslim Culture - learning, science, mathematics 2. Venice become major trading port across Europe 3. Fighting in the East allowed nation states in West to grow in power (France, England) as Kings grabbed more power from Knights.

6th Grade (13 decks)

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