Fever, Pain, And Nutrition O’neil Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What thermometer can get results in 3 minutes?
A
Mercury in glass (rectal and oral)
2
Q
What type of thermometer can get results in 1 minute?
A
Electronic
3
Q
What type of thermometer can get results in 1 second?
A
Tympanic thermometer
4
Q
What age are rectal thermometers preferred in?
A
< 3 months
5
Q
What is considered a fever if taking a rectal temperature?
A
> 101.8 F
6
Q
What is considered a fever if you are taking an oral temperature?
A
> 100 F
7
Q
What is considered a fever if you’re taking an axillary temperature?
A
> 99 F
8
Q
Refer or treat: Fever in an infant 3 months or younger
A
Refer
9
Q
Refer or treat: Fever lasting less than 3 days
A
Treat
10
Q
Refer or treat: infant > 3 months with fever 104 F
A
Refer
11
Q
Refer or treat: Presence of a skin rash, difficulty breathing, ear pain, seizure, redness or swollen painful area
A
Refer
12
Q
Refer or treat: Temperature less than 103 F
A
Treat
13
Q
Refer or treat: Cold or flu symptoms for more than 7 days
A
Refer
14
Q
Refer or treat: pregnant patient with a fever
A
Refer
15
Q
Refer or treat: Vomiting > 12 hours; diarrhea > 2 days with a fever
A
Refer
16
Q
What does the P stand for in the PQRST evaluation?
A
Palliative or precipitating
17
Q
What does the Q stand for in the PQRST evaluation?
A
Quality of pain
18
Q
What does the R stand for in the PQRST evaluation?
A
Region, radiation
19
Q
What does the S stand for in the PQRST evaluation?
A
Subjective description of severity
20
Q
What does the T stand for in the PQRST evaluation?
A
Temporal or time-related nature of the pain
21
Q
Refer or treat: headache with vision changes or dizziness
A
Refer
22
Q
Refer or treat: allergy to ASA, APAP, NSAIDs
A
Refer
23
Q
Refer or treat: stiffness in the limbs
A
Treat
24
Q
Refer or treat: pain with nausea or severe vomiting
A
Refer
25
Refer or treat: last menstrual period > 6 weeks ago
Refer
26
Refer or treat: chest pain
Refer
27
Refer or treat: Duration of pain is more than 2 weeks
Refer
28
Headache danger signals: onset at what age?
After 50
29
Headache danger signals: children under what age
7
30
What pain assessment is simple and descriptive with a 1-10 numeric scale
Verbal analog scale
31
What pain assessment has a 10 cm line?
Visual analog scale
32
What is the range for mild pain?
1-3
33
What is the range for moderate pain?
4-6
34
What is the range for severe pain?
7-10
35
What are 4 pain assessment instruments?
1. Pain diary
2. Pain drawings
3. Faces of pain
4. McGill Pain Questionnaire
36
What 3 things does the PEG assessment tool asses?
1. Pain on average
2. Enjoyment of life
3. General activity
37
What changes are uncommon with chronic pain?
Physiologic
38
What 3 pain assessments are used in the cognitively impaired?
1. PAINAD
2. Physiological indicators
3. Facial/body clues
39
What are 3 pain assessments used in children?
1. Poker chip
2. Faces of pain
3. Physiologic indicators
40
What are 4 pain assessments used in geriatric patients?
1. VAS
2. Pain thermometer
3. Pain diaries
4. Drawings
41
What is the amount of protein needed for adults?
45 g
42
What is the amount of protein needed for children?
25 g
43
How much macronutrients should patients have in their diet?
25 kcal/kg/day
44
What are micronutrients? 4
1. Electrolytes
2. Vitamins
3. Trace
4. Minerals
45
How much water should a patient intake?
30 mL/kg or 1 mL/kcal
46
What are 2 things that can cause malnutrition?
1. Lack of food
2. Insufficient utilization of nutrients due to acute or chronic disease/treatment
47
Marasmus means a patient is deficit in what?
Energy
48
Kwashiorkor means a patient is deficit in what?
Protein
49
Excessive accumulation of body fat
Obesity
50
How much body fat for males is considered excessive if they are less than 35?
> 22%
51
How much body fat for males is considered excessive if they are greater than 35?
> 25%
52
How much body fat for females is considered excessive if they are less than 35?
> 32%
53
How much body fat for females is considered excessive if they are greater than 35?
> 35%
54
What is the equation to lose 1 pound/week?
Subtract 500 kcal/day from **energy requirements**
55
Energy expended at rest is called what?
Basal energy expenditure
56
For healthy adults, how much kcal should you intake for weight loss?
25 kcal/kg
57
For healthy adults, how much kcal sate needed for weight maintenance?
30 kcal/kg
58
For healthy adults, how much kcal are needed for weight gain?
35 kcal/kg
59
What is the equation for calculating BMI?
Wt (lbs) x 750/ height (inches)2
60
What ratio for men is at risk for an apple shaped body?
>0.9
61
What ratio for women are at risk for apple-shaped body?
> 0.8
62
Waist circumference for men with a apple shaped body
>40 inches
63
Waist circumference for women with apple shaped body
> 35 inches
64
What measures provide an estimate of body fat stores?
1. Triceps skinfold thickness
2. Measurement of mid-upper arm circumference
65
What are 2 measures of body frame size?
1. Elbow breadth
2. Wrist circumference
66
What is becoming the gold standard for measuring body fat?
DEXA
67
Estimates body fat by submersion in water
Hydrodensitometry
68
What uses a safe-low level electrical current?
BIA
69
What do **BIA** results correlate well with?
Hydrodensitometry
70
True or false: Hydrodensitometry is very accurate, but time consuming
True
71
What does BIA require?
Adequate hydration and a wait time of 3 hours after eating or exercise
72
What calculates BMR by using an indirect calorimeter?
Body-Gem
73
What 3 things does red blood cell indices include?
1. Mean cell volume **(MCV)**
2. Mean cell hemoglobin **(MCH)**
3. Mean cell hemoglobin concentration **(MCHC)**
74
What is the **MCV** count to be considered macrocytic?
> 100
75
What is the **MCV** count to be considered normocytic?
81-99
76
What is the **MCV** count to be considered microcytic?
< or = 80
77
What is the normal level for mean cell hemoglobin **(MCH)**?
27-33
78
What is the normal mean cell hemoglobin concentration **(MCHC)**?
31-35
79
MCH + MCHC can have a false elevation in what disease state?
Hyperlipidemia
80
What is the normal level for reticulocytes?
0.5%-2.5%
81
What is the normal level for **RDW**?
11-16%
82
RDW is _____ in iron deficiency/mixed anemia
Increased
83
Macrocyctic anemia can be caused by what 3 things?
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Drug-induced
84
What disease state could cause vitamin b12 deficiency?
IBD
85
What 2 things are increased with vitamin b12 deficiency?
1. MCV
2. MCH
86
What are two tests used for vitamin b12 deficiency?
1. Schilling test
2. Intrinsic factor antibody/parietal cell antibody
87
What are 2 folic acid antagonists?
1. Methotrexate
2. Bactrim
88
What 2 things are increased in a folic acid deficiency?
1. MCV
2. MCH
89
What is the treatment for folic acid deficiency?
Folic acid 1mg/day
90
What is the primary cause of microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
91
Hereditary disorder of a defective hemoglobinization of RBC
Thalassemia
92
How would you treat iron deficiency anemia?
Ferrous sulfate 325 mg BID
93
What is the first thing to change in iron deficiency anemia?
Serum ferritin
94
What 2 things are increased in iron deficiency anemia?
1. TIBC
2. RDW
95
What 2 things are decreased in iron deficiency?
1. Serum iron
2. Transferrin saturation
96
What are 3 causes of normochromic anemia?
1. Acute blood loss
2. Hemolytic anemia
3. Anemia of chronic diseases
97
What disease states can cause hemolytic anemia?
1. RA
2. SLE (lupus)
3. AIDS
98
What is the treatment for anemia of chronic diseases?
1. Transfusions
2. Erythropoietin
99
What is the ANC range for neutrophilia?
> 12,000
100
What is the ANC range for neutropenia?
< 1500 cells
101
What is the ANC range for **severe** neutropenia?
< 500
102
What cells are increased in parasitic infections and hypersensitivity reactions?
Eosinophils
103
What types of cells are increased in hypersensitivity reactions, inflammation, and leukemia?
Basophils
104
What cells are increased in TB, protozoal/rickettsial; leukemia?
Monocytes
105
What is the range of lymphocytes for lymphocytosis?
> 4000
106
What is the range of lymphocytes for lymphopenia?
< 1000
107
What 7 things could cause lymphocytosis?
1. Mononucleosis
2. Viral infections
3. TB
4. Pertussis
5. Lymphoma
6. Syphilis
7. CLL
108
What 4 things can cause lymphopenia?
1. HIV
2. radiation exposure
3. Hodgkin’s disease
4. Malnutrition
109
If H/H is low, what does the patient have?
Anemia
