FFP - TAXPAYERS Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
Lt. Flashover of Engine 100 arrives at the scene of a taxpayer fire and finds a heavy smoke condition showing from the roll down gates of a locked up supermarket. Regarding the possibility of a backdraft, he would be correct to think which of the following?
A) Dense black smoke indicates a large quantity of O2.
B) Although back drafts can occur in any part of the structure, cellar and storage areas particularly vulnerable to back drafts.
C) A room or fire area requires only 15% of its space to contain an explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
D) The more air seepage a building or area has, the greater the danger of back draft.
A
ANSWER: B) Although back drafts can occur in any part of the structure, cellar and storage areas particularly vulnerable to back drafts.
A - Dense black smoke / LACK OF O2
C - TWENTY FIVE PERCENT (25%)
D - The TIGHTER a building the greater danger of B.D.
(FFP Taxpayer - 4.4.1)
2
Q
A study group is discussing the three broad categories of taxpayers found throughout NYC. Each member of the group stated one point. Which was said incorrectly?
A) In the older type, built from the turn of the century until the 1920s, the decorative metal cornice found on the front of some buildings could be removed to provide access to the cockloft.
B) The most prevalent type was built from the 1920s to the 1960s. Firewalls may have been installed for subdivision of the building.
C) Buildings built from the 1920s to the 1960s have cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building. Removing the cornice or signs will provide access to the cockloft area.
D) The newer type construction was built since the 1960’s. The use of combustible construction material has been reduced. Steel bar joists are used to support the floors and roofs in place of wood beams.
A
ANSWER: C) Buildings built from the 1920s to the 1960s have cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building. Removing the cornice or signs will provide access to the cockloft area. (INCORRECT)
- Removing cornice or signs WILL NOT provide access to the cockloft.
(Taxpayers 2.3.1)
3
Q
Mezzanine areas will be found in some taxpayers. Their location, area and use will differ. Choose a correct answer regarding mezzanines found in taxpayers.
A) In most cases the mezzanine area contains an office.
B) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine will be below average.
C) Access to this area will usually be via two stairs or ladders.
D) The majority of mezzanines will be enclosed by walls.
A
ANSWER: B) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine will be below average.
A - In most cases the mezzanine areas contain STORAGE OF GOODS (these areas MAY have an Office)
C - Access to this area is usually via A SMALL LADDER OR WOODEN STAIRS.
D - Majority of mezzanines WILL NOT BE enclosed by walls.
(Taxpayers 2.4)
4
Q
Generally, the only auxiliary fire protection that may be found in taxpayers will be automatic sprinkler systems where required by code. Of the following buildings, which one would require an automatic sprinkler?
A) A taxpayer built under the 1938 Building Code with an area of 7,600 square feet.
B) A taxpayer built under the 1968 Building Code with an area of 6,000 square feet.
C) A Group M (Mercantile) building built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 10,000 square feet. The full building requires sprinkler protection.
D) A Group M (Mercantile) building with 4 stores built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 5,000 square feet in which merchandise is stored in high piled racks.
A
ANSWER: D) A Group M (Mercantile) building with 4 stores built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 5,000 square feet in which merchandise is stored in high piled racks.
“10-75” Sprinklers are required
A - 1938 Code “10” (Area exceeding 10,000 sq. feet)
B - 1968 Code “75” (Area exceeding 7,500 sq. feet)
C - 2008 Code FULL BUILDING - Area exceeding 12,000 square feet OR the combined area on all
floors including mezzanines exceeds 24,000
square feet. (ALSO Storage of merchandise is in high-piled racks or rack storage arrays)
- Choice D requires sprinklers since the occupancy has merchandise that is stored in high piled racks (such as a Costco or BJs)
(Taxpayers 2.4)
5
Q
The cockloft is a common area usually extending over all of the stores in a structure. What is the height of a cockloft in taxpayers?
A) Four inches to more than six feet
B) 2 to 3 feet
C) One foot to tall enough for a member to stand in
D) 1 to 4 feet
A
ANSWER: A) Four inches to more than six feet
Taxpayer - 4 inches to more than 6 feet
Brownstone - 2 to 3 feet
Rowframe - 1 foot to tall enough for a member to stand
H-Type - Up to 4 feet
(Taxpayers 3.2.1)
6
Q
There are many types of roofs in taxpayers. According to the Taxpayer bulletin which is the most common type of roof found?
A) Wood joist covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood.
B) Wooden bowstring truss
C) Parallel chord wood truss
D) Steel bar joist
A
ANSWER: A) Wood joist covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood.
(Taxpayer 3.3.1)
7
Q
Truss construction is used where large areas, free of roof support columns are required. Trusses can be either wood or steel. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about truss construction?
A) The open web joist or steel bar joist prevalent in modern taxpayer construction is a lightweight parallel chord truss.
B) The wooden bowstring truss is found in older commercial structures. It is common in supermarkets, bowling alleys and lumberyards.
C) The wooden bowstring truss has a characteristic hump-like profile where the roof appears to rise up from below the parapet wall to tower above it. The longer the span, the higher the bow.
D) Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may support 60% of the load they were originally designed to hold
A
ANSWER: D) Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may support 60% of the load they were originally designed to hold. (INCORRECT)
- FORTY (40%)
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
8
Q
An officer drilling with his members on roof operations at taxpayer fires was correct in all but which one point made?
A) A snow load can cause an eccentric (off center), unbalanced, concentrated load that can create an overload on the trusses.
B) Wood truss roofs tend to get “spongy” prior to failing. Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures.
C) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss, which can in turn pull down a number of trusses, in a domino effect.
D) The added live load of firefighters and their equipment on a bowstring roof can precipitate collapse.
A
ANSWER: B) Wood truss roofs tend to get “spongy” prior to failing. Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures. (INCORRECT)
- Wood truss roofs appear to FAIL WITHOUT WARNING. The roof does NOT sag or get “spongy.”
- Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures, but WOOD TENDS TO “SNAP”
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
9
Q
Members are drilling on roof operations at taxpayer fires. Which point made below was incorrect?
A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction have excellent fire resistance ratings.
B) They are used to span long distances of up to 60 feet
C) They are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of fire and may collapse after only 5 or 10 min.
D) Open web steel joists may be covered with various roof decks, including solid wood, steel deck and gypsum.
A
ANSWER: A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction have excellent fire resistance ratings. (INCORRECT)
- NO FIRE RESISTANCE
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
10
Q
A parapet wall is a continuation of an exterior wall, firewall or party wall above a roofline. According to the Taxpayer bulletin, which of the following incorrectly describes a parapet wall?
A) The parapet section of the exterior walls may extend around the entire perimeter of a building roof area.
B) The weight of the parapet is supported by the steel “I” beams or angle shapes, which span the openings for the display windows and entrance doors.
C) “I” beams which support the roof joists often butt against the front parapet. An uncontrolled fire in a remote portion of the taxpayer or in the cockloft may be heating these “I” beams causing their expansion and steadily pushing the parapet outward.
D) Parapet walls usually fall in separate small sections. Rarely will a long section topple onto the sidewalk.
A
ANSWER: D) Parapet walls usually fall in separate small sections. Rarely will a long section topple onto the sidewalk. (INCORRECT)
- A long section of this wall often remains intact as the wall topples onto the sidewalk. Members have been killed or injured by such wall collapses.
(Falls in LARGE SECTIONS)
(Taxpayer 3.4.3)
11
Q
An average 50 foot long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately ____ inches. At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will have extended ____ inches.
A) 4 / 12 1/2”
B) 6 / 12 1/2”
C) 4 / 9 1/2”
D) 6 / 9 1/2”
A
ANSWER: C) 4 / 9 1/2”
- An average 50 foot long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately FOUR (4”) inches.
- At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will have extended NINE AND A HALF (9 1/2”) inches.
(Taxpayer 3.6.1)
12
Q
When steel beams are heated from 1000F to 1500F, their yield strength drops dramatically and they start to soften and fail. Choose the incorrect statement regarding heated steel beams.
A) This temperature can be reached in 5 to 10 minutes at a fire and it is only a matter of time at an uncontrolled fire (30 minutes for smaller beam sections), until these beams can be heated beyond their strength limitations.
B) Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying capability, and under normal circumstances, there should be no hesitation in cooling these members.
C) If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, unless the beams are quickly cooled and a Safety Officer deems the area safe.
D) Steel with contract to its original length as it is cooled.
A
ANSWER: C) If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, unless the beams are quickly cooled and a Safety Officer deems the area safe. (INCORRECT)
- If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone PERIOD.
(Taxpayer 3.6.3)
13
Q
Columns in taxpayers can be made from wood, cast iron, Lally columns (steel or cast iron) or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average in about ____ minutes in fire endurance tests.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 60
A
ANSWER: C) 30
- Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average in about THIRTY (30) minutes in fire endurance tests
(Taxpayers 3.7)
14
Q
Various types of flooring can be found in taxpayers. All of the following are correct regarding flooring with the exception of?
A) The most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by lightweight steel joists.
B) Heavy terrazzo or concrete is sometimes placed over wood joist floor construction, creating an extremely dangerous condition.
C) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires.
D) In newer type taxpayer slab construction, concrete floors are prevalent on ground level with no basements or cellars in the buildings.
A
ANSWER: A) The most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by lightweight steel joists. (INCORRECT)
- Most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by WOOD FLOOR JOISTS
(Taxpayers 3.9)
15
Q
Metal overhead rolling security doors can be found to cover an entire store or building front. Which answer is incorrect when discussing these doors?
A) Case hardened padlocks may secure these doors. These locks defy our conventional methods for forcing them open, and they must be cut with a saw or torch.
B) The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when the door is in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store to fail.
C) When the spring tension is gone, motor or hoist devices usually will not prevent the door from coming down hard once it starts down.
D) Doors can be secured from rolling by clamping vise grips in the track under the roller or by placing a ladder as a stop.
A
ANSWER: B) The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when the door is in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store to fail. (INCORRECT)
- Especially when the door is in the OPEN POSITION.
(Taxpayers 3.11)
16
Q
Which one of the following is not listed as a sign of collapse in Taxpayers?
A) A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a small isolated area.
B) Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition within 20 minutes into the operation at the fire.
C) Spongy or soft feeling as you walk on the roof.
D) Presence of heavy equipment or signs on the roof. These are examples of static loads.
A
ANSWER: A) A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a small isolated area. (INCORRECT)
- 20 minutes or more particularly in a LARGE OPEN FLOOR AREA
(Taxpayer 4.2.5)
17
Q
A backdraft, smoke explosion or hot air explosion is the ignition and rapid combustion of a mixture of flammable gas or dust and air which flashes back through openings around the fire area. The following statements about backdrafts were made by a group of officers. Which one is incorrect?
A) Warning signs of potential backdraft include the reversal of air, pulling smoke back into a smoke filled opening and glass windows stained with smoke condensation that is pulsating from the pressure of the fire.
B) Colors associated with a backdraft include dense black smoke, dirty brown, yellow brown and gray yellow.
C) Cocklofts and open areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts, however it can occur in any part of a structure.
D) The type and size of openings made by the FDNY can influence the severity of a backdraft.
A
ANSWER: C) Cocklofts and open areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts, however it can occur in any part of a structure. (INCORRECT)
- CELLAR and STORAGE AREAS are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts.
(Taxpayers 4.4.1)
18
Q
A room or fire area required _____ percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 65
A
ANSWER: B) 25
A room or fire area required TWENTY FIVE (25) percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
(Taxpayer 4.4.1 F)
19
Q
Captain Smokey and his ladder company are discussing backdrafts in Taxpayers during roll call. How many of the following statements were made correctly?
- The presence of smoke and the force of it issuing from cornices, scuttles, skylights, windows, doors or other openings may give some indication of the fire location and its severity.
- The proper procedure is to open the roof or area directly over the fire to allow hot gases to move upward through the opening away from the fire.
- Even if a backdraft occurs after the roof has vented, the explosion will be diverted upward, out of the roof opening away from the firefighters advancing the hoseline.
- If horizontal ventilation is performed at lower levels prior to roof venting, the chances of a backdraft explosion are greatly decreased.
- After roof venting has been accomplished, entry may be forced at the lower level and lines can be advanced to extinguish the fire.
- An alternative to roof venting, is the use of a hose stream from a distance or flanking position, which is immediately discharged when the fire area is opened up. This may be just as effective as roof ventilation.
A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
A
ANSWER: C) 4 (1/2/3/5 are CORRECT)
Choices 4 and 6 are INCORRECT
4 - If horizontal ventilation is performed at lower levels prior to roof venting, the chances of a backdraft explosion are greatly INCREASED.
6 - An alternative to roof venting, is the use of a hose stream from a distance or flanking position, which is immediately discharged when the fire area is opened up. This tactic is NOT AS EFFECTIVE as roof ventilation. This tactic may only be used if we cannot get onto the roof and make a ventilation hole.
(Taxpayer 4.4.1)
20
Q
Of the following statements about fire extension in taxpayers, which one is incorrect?
A) A fire originating in the cellar has a strong possibility of entering the bays between joists. If this occurs, the fire will travel the length of the joist.
B) In most cases, the high portion of the cockloft is at the front of the building. If fire enters the cockloft at the high point or the front of the building, our fire problem is less severe than if it has entered into the cockloft from the rear.
C) The standard (flat) roof may have little or no pitch. If it is pitched, it will be from the front to the rear.
D) Since most fires originate in the cellar where utilities, storage and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft.
A
ANSWER: D) Since most fires originate in the cellar where utilities, storage and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft. (INCORRECT)
- Most taxpayer fires originate in the REAR OF THE FIRST FLOOR.
(Taxpayer 5.3.3)
21
Q
Upon arrival at a 2nd alarm fire in a one story taxpayer, the IC assigns you as the Roof Sector Supervisor pending the arrival of an additional BC. As the RSS, you should remember all but which point?
A) It must be understood that ventilation will increase the intensity of the fire if it is not carefully coordinated with Engine hoseline operations.
B) An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to “back up” and vent toward another available flow path opening. For this reason a hole, 6 feet x 6 feet where possible is recommended.
C) The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on the roof calls for two saws and four members on the roof.
D) The Roof Sector Supervisor can start a trench cut where he/she sees the necessity for it. Immediate notification to the IC is mandatory.
A
ANSWER: B) An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to “back up” and vent toward another available flow path opening. For this reason a hole, 6 feet x 6 feet where possible is recommended. (INCORRECT)
- Taxpayer EIGHT x EIGHT FEET (8’ x 8’ hole)
(Taxpayers 5.4.6)
22
Q
After battling a stubborn cockloft fire in a taxpayer, the members of a ladder company are talking about the trench cut that was made. Which action was not taken properly?
A) The trench cut was cut 4 feet wide.
B) The trench cut was used as a ventilation hole in addition to the other ventilation holes.
C) The members cutting the trench took advantage of shafts, chimneys, bulkheads, and scuttles
D) Since the fire had seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft, two trench cuts were made.
A
ANSWER: D) Since the fire had seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft, two trench cuts were made. (INCORRECT)
- For Taxpayers the books state that IT IS NOT PRACTICAL to cut a trench if the fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft. In this case, ventilation holes are needed.
A - Trench cut must be AT LEAST 3 FEET WIDE
(Taxpayers 5.6)
23
Q
In newer taxpayers many of the roof supports are made of lightweight open web steel joists. Which answer does not illustrate correct knowledge of these roof systems?
A) Members shall not operate on roofs of buildings with this type of roof system.
B) They are spaced greater distances apart than the standard wood joists.
C) The spacing of the joists will vary depending on the strength of the joists and the type of roof decking used.
D) Lightweight truss members have little inherent fire resistance.
A
ANSWER: A) Members shall not operate on roofs of buildings with this type of roof system. (INCORRECT)
- CANNOT cut these roof systems
- CAN operate on these roof systems
(Taxpayers 5.5.26)
24
Q
A second alarm should be transmitted at a Taxpayer fire in which choice?
A) When 2 lines are operating on an advanced fire on the 1st floor of a store.
B) A medium fire condition in the cellar that requires 2 lines.
C) A fire in a store that has extended to three bays in the cockloft.
D) An advanced fire in a store with heavy smoke but no fire in exposure O2 and O4.
A
ANSWER: C) A fire in a store that has extended to three bays in the cockloft.
A - Extra Engine and Truck
B - An ADVANCED fire condition in the cellar would require a 2nd.
D - Advanced store fire with NO EXTENSION is extra Eng/Truck
- Taxpayer 2nd alarm for:
1) Extension to cockloft
2) Extension to exposure
3) Advanced fire in cellar
(Taxpayers 5.7.4)
25
Placing portable ladders to the roof for roof operations is extremely important at Taxpayer fires. Which choice is correct concerning portable ladder placement?
A) When placing portable ladders to the roof of a one story Taxpayer, the front is the only side that is required to be covered.
B) A minimum of one portable ladder shall be placed to the roof of a one story Taxpayer on the front of the building.
C) If two portable ladders are placed to the roof on the front of the building, they shall be placed close together so as not to impair TL operations.
D) When there is a heavy smoke condition or the store window is covered by security devices, the roof examination may provide a quicker means of identifying the involved location.
ANSWER: D) When there is a heavy smoke condition or the store window is covered by security devices, the roof examination may provide a quicker means of identifying the involved location.
A - ALL SIDES should be covered by portables
B - Minimum of TWO (2) portables places to the front of the building
C - DO NOT PLACE CLOSE TOGETHER. They shall be placed to indicate the boundaries of the fire building or the location of division walls within the boundaries of the fire.
(Taxpayer 5.7.8)
26
While conducting a drill on general Engine Company tactics at a Taxpayer fire, Lieutenant Elliot made several statements. Which one was incorrect?
A) All handlines stretched shall be 2 1/2"
B) When compatible with fire conditions, 1 3/4" handlines may be used in exposures.
C) If difficulty is encountered in gaining entrance to a Taxpayer fire, a small hole made in the security doors, and removal of the window may provide an opening for hose stream operations.
D) Where entry is delayed or where pulling of ceilings is impossible due to fire conditions or ceiling construction, a hoseline or lines operated properly into a trench cut may confine the fire.
ANSWER: A) All handlines stretched shall be 2 1/2" (INCORRECT)
* When HEAVY OR MEDIUM fire conditions are encountered the initial lines should be 2-1/2 inch.
* If the striking power and the water capability of 2-1/2
inch hoselines are not required, after the initial attack, they can be reduced to 1-3/4 inch lines for subsequent operations.
D - For Taxpayers you can operate a line into the trench in this situation. Note that in MDs it describes operating a line in a brief side to side motion for trench operations.
(Taxpayer 7.1.2)
27
Upon arrival at a fire in the cellar of a one story Taxpayer, Captain Jones considered several tactics. Which is the only incorrect one?
A) When their is an interior stair to the cellar, especially if it is an open stair, and conditions permit, the 1st line must be stretched to this point.
B) When the line can advance down the cellar stairs, it should do so. A 2nd hoseline must be stretched to the top of the stairs.
C) The last member on the hoseline in the cellar must maintain surveillance of the area to the rear for endangering fire or other conditions by removing their glove and raising their hand above their head.
D) A member positioned at the interior entrance to the cellar should monitor conditions on the 1st floor.
E) Flood the 1st floor with the use of a Stang monitor or TL pipe as a last resort.
ANSWER: C) The last member on the hoseline in the cellar must maintain surveillance of the area to the rear for endangering fire or other conditions by removing their glove and raising their hand above their head. (INCORRECT)
* Maintain surveillance of conditions on the first floor PERIOD. DO NOT remove glove to check for heat conditions.
(Taxpayer 7.2.2)
28
E-100, E-200 and E-300 arrived in order at a fire in the cellar of a 1 story, eight occupancy Taxpayer. Which Engine company operated correctly?
A) E-100 stretched a line to supply the sprinkler system and then stretched a line to the occupancy above the fire.
B) After assisting E-100 with the first line, E-200 supplied the sprinkler system and then stretched a 2nd line.
C) E-200 ensured the sprinkler system was supplied as they are required to do.
D) E-300 stretched the 2nd line to an adjoining occupancy.
ANSWER: B) After assisting E-100 with the first line, E-200 supplied the sprinkler system and then stretched a 2nd line.
A - 1st due initially stretches into the occupancy above the fire and THEN IF STAFFING AND CONDITIONS PERMIT stretch a 2nd line to feed sprinkler.
B - CORRECT / After assisting 1st due with the initial line, if the 1st due company has not supplied the sprinkler and if staffing and conditions permit, the 2nd due should supply the sprinkler. Then 2nd due Engine may stretch a backup line to the first line if staffing and conditions permit for the following situations
1 - To control 1st floor If 1st line advanced into cellar
2 - Serve as backup line to the 1st line
3 - Stretch into cellar via interior stairs or outside entrance if the first line is controlling the 1st floor.
4 - To employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
C - Third Engine ENSURES sprinkler is supplied
D - Third Engine stretches a 2nd line into the FIRST FLOOR if 2nd due hasn't done so to control 1st floor if 1st line has advanced into cellar, backup the first line, advance into cellar if first line hasn't or employ use of cellar pipes or distributors.
(Taxpayer 7.2.3)
29
Three Engine companies are assigned to a fire on the 1st floor in a sneaker store with numerous large storefront windows, at 1200 hours on a Wednesday. Which Engine Company Operated incorrectly?
A) The 1st Engine Company stretched a line through the main exit door into the sneaker store.
B) After assisting the 1st Engine with the initial line, the 2nd Engine Company supplied the sprinkler system.
C) After assisting the 1st Engine with the initial line and supplying the sprinkler system, the 2nd Engine company stretched a 2nd hoseline into the sneaker store to backup the 1st Engine Company's hoseline.
D) The 3rd Engine Company ensured the sprinkler system was supplied.
ANSWER: A) The 1st Engine Company stretched a line through the main exit door into the sneaker store. (INCORRECT)
* Store Windows used for LINE ADVANCEMENT
* Exit Doors left for EGRESS FOR VICTIMS
(Taxpayer 7.3.1)
30
E-516, E-212 and E-718 are the first 3 Engine Companies to arrive at a fire in a one story Taxpayer with 5 occupancies. Upon arrival, units discover fire that in control of the cockloft above a closed Chinese Restaurant that is extending via the cockloft to Exposure O2, an occupied stationary store. In which choice did units operate incorrectly?
A) Engine 516 positioned their apparatus to utilize the deck pipe while using in-line pumping.
B) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the stationary store.
C) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the Chinese restaurant.
D) E 718 ensured the sprinkler system was supplied.
ANSWER: C) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the Chinese restaurant. (INCORRECT)
* When fire has CONTROL OF THE COCKLOFT and EXPOSURE PROTECTION IS CRITICAL 1st Engine:
1 - Positions to utilize deckipipe. In-line pumping will give good positioning and allow room for placement of a tower ladder.
2 - Stretch a handline into the MOST SERIOUSLY EXPOSED occupancy/building, depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire. (In this scenario the stationary store which is occupied / Chinese restaurant is closed)
3 - When exposures are NOT AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire.
(Taxpayer 7.3.5)
31
Which tactic at a cockloft fire in a Taxpayer is incorrectly stated?
A) Units can operate from the roof with cellar pipes, distributors or New York bent tips.
B) Hoselines should never be operated directly into roof openings.
C) As a last resort, personnel shall be withdrawn and the use of a TL, multiversal, and deckpipe streams resorted to.
D) On older type taxpayers, there may be vents or store signs attached to the front of the building that can be removed and streams operated into the cockloft.
ANSWER: B) Hoselines should never be operated directly into roof openings. (INCORRECT)
* Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This generally is not a good practice but in some cases may be the only way of hitting the fire and controlling it.
* Before lines are operated into the roof all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. It must be remembered that the primary purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures.
(Taxpayers 7.3.3)
32
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100' x 60', has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which action taken by the FE Team of TL 44 was incorrect?
A) They proceeded to the store occupancy above the fire and performed FE at the store and cellar entrance.
B) They searched the store above the fire for occupants and then worked in with the Engine companies.
C) After communicating and coordinating with the Officer of TL44, they ventilated the store and took out the store windows.
D) They notified L19 to shut down the utilities.
ANSWER: D) They notified L19 to shut down the utilities. (INCORRECT)
* FIRST DUE TRUCK shuts down utilities.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
33
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100' x 60', has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which member of the Outside Team of TL 44 operated correctly?
A) The Roof FF immediately took the TL bucket to the roof.
B) The Roof FF placed and raised a portable ladder to the roof and ventilated the skylight and scuttle after communicating with their Officer.
C) The OV FF immediately vented the cellar and store from the rear and then entered the cellar to conduct a search.
D) The LCC positioned the apparatus at the street corner to cover both sides of the building, and then assisted the OV FF in the rear.
ANSWER: B) The Roof FF placed and raised a portable ladder to the roof and ventilated the skylight and scuttle after communicating with their Officer.
A - 1 story Taxpayer - Roof FF places PORTABLE to roof
C - After communicating and coordinating with the Ladder Officer inside the area to be vented, the OV FF provides
ventilation at the rear for the cellar and store above the fire. If access in the rear is available, attempt entry when teamed with the 2nd Ladder OV (or another available member). Notify the company officer, and conduct searches with particular attention given to the FIRST FLOOR REAR (More likely for people to be trapped here)
D - Generally, the primary position of the 1st arriving tower ladder is IN FRONT OF the fire building/occupancy. Then the LCC joins the FORCIBLE ENTRY TEAM unless directed otherwise.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
34
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100' x 60', has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which member of Ladder 19 operated correctly?
A) Ladder 19’s FE Team operated on the 1st floor of the store occupancy above the fire.
B) The Roof FF placed a 2nd portable ladder to the roof and brought the saw due to it not being needed elsewhere.
C) The OV FF began ventilation at the front of the adjoining occupancies.
D) The LCC placed the apparatus in front of the occupancy and raised the aerial ladder to the roof as a means of egress.
ANSWER: B) The Roof FF placed a 2nd portable ladder to the roof and brought the saw due to it not being needed elsewhere.
A - 2nd due FE Team operates on the ADJACENT stores and cellar entrances.
C - 2nd OV to the REAR
D - Aerial ladder places AWAY from fire immediate fire building.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
35
TL142 and TL155 are the 1st and 2nd arriving ladders at a fire in a 1 story Taxpayer. The fire originated in a florist occupancy, and has extended to the cockloft. The taxpayer is a 150' x 100' corner building and houses 6 occupancies. Which member of TL142 operated incorrectly at this fire?
A) The FE team removed the show windows of the florist when authorized by the IC, and only when a charged line was in position.
B) The FE Team checked the cellar for fire and shut down the gas and electric utilities.
C) The Roof FF placed a portable ladder to the roof and took the portable saw to the roof.
D) After hearing a HT transmission that the fire had extended to the cockloft, the LCC joined the OV in the rear of the building to facilitate ventilation.
ANSWER: D) After hearing a HT transmission that the fire had extended to the cockloft, the LCC joined the OV in the rear of the building to facilitate ventilation. (INCORRECT)
* LCC proceeds to the ROOF to assist the Roof FF if the fire has extended to the cockloft.
(Taxpayer 8.3.3)
36
TL142 and TL155 are the 1st and 2nd arriving ladders at a fire in a 1 story Taxpayer. The fire originated in a florist occupancy, and has extended to the cockloft. The taxpayer is a 150' x 100' corner building and houses 6 occupancies. TL155 operated correctly in which choice?
A) The FE Team assisted TL142 in pulling ceilings in the florist occupancy.
B) The Roof FF accessed the roof via the portable ladder that the Roof FF in TL142 had placed to the roof, and did not bring the saw due to one already in operation on the roof.
C) The OV FF proceeded to the roof as directed by her Officer when she heard the HT transmission that fire has extended to the cockloft.
D) The LCC placed the apparatus on the intersecting street front, and joined the Roof FF on the roof.
ANSWER: C) The OV FF proceeded to the roof as directed by her Officer when she heard the HT transmission that fire has extended to the cockloft.
A - Pull ceilings in the ADJOINING OCCUPANCY.
B - 2nd Roof put ANOTHER PORTABLE to the roof and BRINGS THE SAW.
D - The building is 150' wide and the 1st due TL only covers 100' frontage. Therefore the 2nd ladder should also be placed IFO Building.
* Note in choice C, the 2nd OV can operate on the roof for a fire in the cockloft IF DIRECTED BY THEIR OFFICER.
* Members on the roof for a 1 story taxpayer where fire has extended to the cockloft are the 1st LCC FF / 1st Roof FF / 2nd Roof FF and 2nd OV FF (if directed)
(Taxpayer 8.3.3)
37
A well trained ladder company will be knowledgeable about their tool assignments at a Taxpayer fire. Which choice is stated incorrectly?
A) In addition to a can, hook, axe and halligan, the FE Team may need to use a bam-bam tool which is ineffective on case hardened locks.
B) When cutting the slats of a security door with the power saw, two cuts are made to form a triangle with the apex at the bottom.
C) The OV FF is required to bring a maul and a halligan to the rear.
D) When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a hook must also be taken. Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an axe or irons with the saw if available.
ANSWER: B) When cutting the slats of a security door with the power saw, two cuts are made to form a triangle with the apex at the bottom. (INCORRECT)
* Apex is at the TOP.
(Taxpayer 8.4.3)
38
High ceilings in Taxpayers may necessitate the use of 10 and 12 foot hooks. Which choice is correct concerning who should report in with 10 and 12 foot hooks?
A) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, along with their normal tool compliment.
B) All ladder companies
C) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, in lieu of their normal tool compliment.
D) All 2nd alarm Engine and Ladder Companies
ANSWER: A) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, along with their normal tool compliment.
(Taxpayers 8.4.4)
39
Many two story Taxpayers have stores on the 1st floor, and large meeting halls, dance halls, restaurants or factories on the 2nd floor. Which choice is incorrect concerning construction and tactics at a fire in a two story Taxpayer?
A) A large hall on the 2nd floor may mean roof girders and a deep cockloft. A second floor fire will require using hooks 10 foot or longer to open the high ceilings.
B) If the fire originated in the cellar and extended to the 1st floor it may require flooding the first floor as a last resort.
C) An aerial ladder shall be placed to the roof at a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer.
D) At a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer, the FE team should use the fire escape to access the 2nd floor.
ANSWER: D) At a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer, the FE team should use the fire escape to access the 2nd floor. (INCORRECT)
* Use the STAIRWAY TO THE SECOND FLOOR.
(Taxpayer 9.2.2)
40
Which choice would be correct when discussing the type of taxpayer built from the 1920s into the 1960s?
A) They are usually larger in area than the older type, with many having one tenant such as a supermarket or restaurant.
B) If the area is large, firewalls may subdivide the building, with the termination point of the firewall usually extending through the roof boards forming a parapet.
C) Many are two stories in height, with second floor egress only via one interior stairway.
D) Removing front cornices or signs in most cases will provide access to the cockloft to extinguish the fire.
ANSWER: A) They are usually larger in area than the older type, with many having one tenant such as a supermarket or restaurant.
B - Termination points VARY
C - Second floor egress via ONE OR MORE INTERIOR STAIRS.
D - Removing front cornices or signs in most cases WILL NOT provide access to the cockloft. (Cornices can be removed in OLDER types of taxpayers 1900-1920)
(Taxpayer 2.3.2)
41
Regarding the older type of Taxpayer built from 1900 until the 1920s, which of the following statements are correct?
1. They are always one story in height.
2. Of the three broad categories of taxpayers, this type is considered most prevalent.
3. Some of the older structures have partitions, girders, beams and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings.
4. If found, the metal cornice in this type of taxpayer can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.
A) 1 and 2 B) 3 and 4 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 3
ANSWER: B) 3 and 4 are CORRECT
1 and 2 are INCORRECT
1 - USUALLY one story in height but there are some that have TWO STORIES.
2 - The most prevalent type built from the 1920's into the 1960's.
(Taxpayer 2.3.1)
42
The type of taxpayer built since the 1960's is correctly described in which answer?
A) They contain the same type occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types of taxpayers, except that they have seen a reduction in the use of combustible materials.
B) In many of these buildings the difference is the use of steel bar joists, which are typically spaced the same distance apart as standard wood joists.
C) The most common roof decking used with lightweight open web steel joists is gypsum planks.
D) Steel bar joists are used more often because of the ability to withstand temperatures for a longer duration than a comparable size wood joist.
ANSWER: A) They contain the same type occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types of taxpayers, except that they have seen a reduction in the use of combustible materials.
(Taxpayers 2.3.3 and 5.5.26)
B - Steel bar joists are placed GREATER DISTANCES APART than standard wood joists.
C - Most common roof decking used with LW open web steel joist is CORRUGATED STEEL JOISTS.
D - Steel bar joists are WEAKER and fail within 5-10 min.
43
A Lt. asked a firefighter to describe the features of a mezzanine area found in a taxpayer. The firefighter should have been corrected in which choices.
1. A majority of these areas will be enclosed by solid walls.
2. The height of ceilings in the mezzanine and the area below will be below average.
3. Most mezzanines have probably been added after the original construction date and the load bearing components can be lightweight.
4. Access to this area usually is by way of two means, a small wooden stairs and a ladder.
A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and4 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 3
ANSWER: C) 1 and 4 are INCORRECT
(Taxpayers 2.4)
1 - A majority of these areas are NOT ENCLOSED, however they do have railings.
4 - Access to this area is by way of a small wooden stair OR a ladder. (one or the other)
44
A sharp captain would know that automatic sprinklers are required in how many of the following one story taxpayer buildings?
1. 200 x 50 building under the 1938 Code
2. 40 x 200 building built under the 1968 Code
3. 100 x 100 building built under the 2008 code
4. 80 x 100 individual occupancy within a building under 2008 Code
A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
ANSWER: B) Two (2 and 4 require sprinklers)
(Taxpayers 2.5.1)
1938 Code - Area exceeding 10,000 square feet. (10,001)
1968 Code - Area exceeding 7,500 square feet. (7,501)
2008 Code FULL BUILDING - Area exceeding 12,000
square feet OR the combined area on all
floors including mezzanines exceeds 24,000
square feet.
2008 Code OCCUPANCY WITHIN BUILDING - Area
exceeding 7,500 square feet OR area of any
size is located 3 stories above grade OR area
of any size is located in a High Rise building
OR area of any size contains an unenclosed
stair or escalator connecting two or more
floors.
45
Regarding truss construction features which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) Truss members from a combination of interdependent components used to span large distances through the use of smaller pieces fastened together.
B) The truss is composed of two major members, the top and bottom web which are connected by chords placed vertically and diagonally.
C) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss in the early stages of a fire.
D) Wood truss roofs appear to fail without warning, and do not get spongy or sag.
ANSWER: B) The truss is composed of two major members, the top and bottom web which are connected by chords placed vertically and diagonally. (Incorrect)
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
Truss has 2 members, the top and bottom CHORD which are connected by WEBS placed vertically and diagonally.
46
Wooden bowstring truss roof design can present serious dangers to FDNY members. Which is a correct statement about these dangers?
A) Engineers typically designed trusses to account for eccentric snow loads and additional loads such as mechanical equipment on the roof or storage in the truss area.
B) All documented collapses have involved some type of fire impingement.
C) Wooden trusses are affected by fire at the same rate as conventional wood roof beam construction.
D) The bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength, sometimes as much as 40% less than what they were originally designed to hold.
ANSWER: D) The bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength, sometimes as much as 40% less than what they were originally designed to hold.
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
A - When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to tensile strength of wood. But using updated testing methods those assumptions have proven to be incorrect.
B - Truss failure can occur WITHOUT fire impingement
C - Wood trusses are affected by fire AT A MORE RAPID RATE as conventional wood beam construction
47
A firefighter operating on the roof of a taxpayer should know which point to be correct?
A) Wooden bowstring trusses have a characteristic hump-like roof, and the shorter the roof spans the higher the bow will be.
B) Other types of truss construction are not as easily discerned from the exterior of the building.
C) In older type wooden truss roof buildings, the trusses are spaced 4-6 feet apart.
D) A wooden bowstring truss roof is not an easily recognizable feature and members must rely on CIDS for this information.
ANSWER: B) Other types of truss construction are not as easily discerned from the exterior of the building.
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
A - the LONGER the roof spans, the HIGHER the bow will be.
C - trusses are spaced TEN TO TWENTY (10-20) FEET APART.
D - Wooden bowstring truss roof IS EASILY RECOGNIZED.
48
When subjected to fire, unprotected open webbed steel joists may collapse after ________________?
A) 5 or 10 min
B) 15 or 20 min
C) 30 or 40 min
D) 45 to 60 min
ANSWER: A) 5 or 10 min
| Taxpayer 3.3.3
49
Which of the following points concerning walls in taxpayer structures is correctly stated?
A) When brick walls fail, the usually hinge at ground level with an entire side or rear wall remaining intact and falling out flat. Concrete block walls usually crumble or break as they fall.
B) A collapse or disintegration of the roof may impart a shear load, either pushing out or pulling in on the wall as stresses are formed.
C) Stability of masonry walls depends on the load being concentrated in a vertical direction through the wall. Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be applied axial to the vertical may cause collapse.
D) Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheetrock covering, and are usually fire stopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates.
ANSWER: D) Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheetrock covering, and are usually fire stopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates.
(Taxpayer 3.4)
```
A - Concrete block walls (hinge at ground level)
Brick walls (crumble or break as they fall)
```
B - Collapse of roof may impart a LATERAL LOAD, either pushing out or pulling in on the wall as stresses are formed.
C - Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be applied ECCENTRICALLY to the vertical may cause collapse.
50
Exposed steel "I" Beams are commonly used in taxpayer construction to support roof and floor joists. Which point about these steel beams is correctly stated?
A) A large, heavy "I" beam will be able to absorb less heat and it's temperature will rise more rapidly than a lightweight beam.
B) An average 50 foot long steel beam heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately four inches. At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will also have extended its length four inches.
C) The temperature at which steel can soften and fail can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire.
D) Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability, but it will not contract to its original length.
ANSWER: C) The temperature at which steel can soften and fail can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire.
(Taxpayers 3.6)
A - Large "I" beam absorbs MORE heat and it's temperature will rise more SLOWLY than a lightweight beam.
B - At 1000 degrees a 100 foot beam will extend NINE AND A HALF INCHES (9 1/2")
D - Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and it WILL CONTRACT TO ITS ORIGINAL LENGTH.
51
Which of the following taxpayer construction feature points is accurate?
A) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed for cellar access, as the flooring is sometimes omitted under the raised display platform.
B) Marquees and canopies usually are connected directly to a front load bearing wall, and a cockloft fire should generally not affect their stability.
C) Indications of a cellar fire below a heavy terrazzo floor placed over wood joists will usually be evident upon arrival.
D) Cellar ceilings are not required to be fire retardant.
ANSWER: A) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed for cellar access, as the flooring is sometimes omitted under the raised display platform.
(Taxpayer 3.9.3)
B - A fire in the cockloft CAN weaken these attachments or supports, causing sudden collapse of the canopy or marquee and a long section of the parapet wall, without any warning.
C - Indications of a cellar fire below a heavy terrazzo floor will usually NOT BE EVIDENT upon arrival.
D - Cellar ceilings ARE required to be fire retarded.
52
Which is the most common type of flooring in a taxpayer?
A) Heavy Terrazo
B) Concrete on Q-decking
C) Tongue and Groove boards or plywood.
D) None of the above
ANSWER: C) Tongue and Groove boards or plywood
| Taxpayer 3.9.1
53
In assessing the possibility of structural collapse, the IC must take into account certain considerations. Which of the following points is not mentioned in FFP Taxpayers as one of these considerations?
A) Type of construction involved in the fire.
B) Intensity of the fire.
C) Time that the structural members have been burning.
D) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 10 minutes or more.
ANSWER: D) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 10 minutes or more. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 4.2.1)
"TINT" (Type, Intensity, Time)
*Heavy body of fire burning out of control for TWENTY (20) minutes or more.
54
Upon arrival at an occupied taxpayer fire during business hours, an engine company Lt. notices the sign above the entrance door denoting a smoke shop occupancy. There is a medium fire condition that involved the store. The Lt. would be correct in choosing which tactic for his unit at this fire?
A) Stretch a 2 1/2" handline and if possible knock down the fire from just inside the store entrance before advancing the line.
B) Order members to break the storefront windows for ventilation.
C) Stretch a 2 1/2" handline and if possible knock down the fire from the sidewalk area before advancing the line.
D) Stretch a 2 1/2" handline and knock down only visible fire after entry into the store.
ANSWER: C) Stretch a 2 1/2" handline and if possible knock down the fire from the sidewalk area before advancing the line.
(Taxpayers 4.3.3.F)
A and D - For smoke shops, proceed with extreme caution
B - LADDER OFFICER orders ventilation.
55
At a fire in a Taxpayer, all horizontal and initial vertical ventilation must be controlled by and coordinated with _____________?
A) The IC
B) The first engine officer
C) The ladder officer in the area to be vented
D) The rescue officer
ANSWER: C) The ladder officer in the area to be vented
| Taxpayer 5.1.5
56
Which of the following points pertaining to lightweight open web steel joists is correct?
A) The spacing of the joists will vary depending on the strength of the supporting columns.
B) When using the most common decking, which is corrugated steel, the joists are spaced from one to three feet apart.
C) Roofs of fire buildings with this type roof support system must not be cut.
D) When a gypsum concrete roof deck is found with open web steel joists as the supporting system, vertical ventilation should be limited to the removal of skylights and scuttle covers.
ANSWER: C) Roofs of fire buildings with this type roof support system must not be cut. (Incorrect)
(Taxpayers 5.5.26)
A - Spacing of joists will vary depending on the strength of the JOISTS.
B - When using the common decking, which is corrugated steel, the joists are spaced from FOUR TO SIX FEET (4-6) APART.
D - DO NOT OPERATE IN GYPSUM ROOF.
57
A Lt. encountering a previously undocumented wooden bowstring truss roof on a building not in his administrative district would be correct to take which action?
A) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSG in the building description section by the administrative unit.
B) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG as the FD designation by the administrative unit.
C) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG immediately following the building description section by him upon return to quarters.
D) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BOWST as the FD designation by him upon return to quarters.
ANSWER: B) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG as the FD designation by the administrative unit.
(Taxpayers 3.3.3.K)
58
Which of the taxpayer construction features and their relation to possible building collapse is incorrectly stated?
A) Marquees are required to have drainage facilities, but may fill up with runoff water and collapse, pulling down the parapet wall.
B) Steel beams heated from 1000 degrees F to 1500 degrees F start to soften and fail, and hose streams should not be applied to them as they may crack or fail.
C) Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail on average in about 30 minutes in fire endurance tests.
D) Metal overhead security doors can cause the lintel over the store front to fail, especially when they are in the open position.
ANSWER: B) Steel beams heated from 1000 degrees F to 1500 degrees F start to soften and fail, and hose streams should not be applied to them as they may crack or fail. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 3.5, 3.6.3)
*HOSE STREAMS SHOULD BE APPLIED TO STEEL BEAMS.
59
The failure of which structural member in a Taxpayer generally results in the more serious consequences in a collapse?
A) Floor or roof deck
B) Column
C) Beam
D) Girder
ANSWER: B) Column
(Taxpayer 3.7)
Order of most serious to least severe:
1) Bearing wall
2) Column
3) Girder
4) Beam
5) Roof deck
60
Security doors can challenge members during a fire. How many choices accurately describe scenarios members may face, and tactics they can employ to deal with doors that have been affected by fire?
1. Heat causes springs to lose their tension, however motors and hoists will generally prevent doors from rolling down with tremendous force.
2. Steel overhead tracks should be checked for integrity, as warped tracks will generally jam the door in the open position, negating a collapse potential.
3. If a door can be operated electrically it should be done so immediately, prior to loss of spring tension.
4. Doors can be secured from rolling down by clamping a vise grip pliers in the track under a roller or placing a ladder as a stop.
A) All B) One C) Two D) Three
ANSWER: C) Two (choice 3 and 4 are CORRECT)
(Taxpayers 3.11.4)
1 - Motors and hoists WILL NOT prevent doors from rolling down with tremendous force.
2 - Warped tracks will COME STRAIGHT DOWN.
61
Which one of the following is accurately described as either a cause or sign of a potential structural collapse in a Taxpayer?
A) An impact load, such as a firefighter jumping onto a roof, which had the same effect as a static load of the same weight.
B) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 15 minutes or more.
C) Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition within 10 minutes into an operation.
D) A spongy or soft feeling as a member walks on a standard roof.
ANSWER: D) A spongy or soft feeling as a member walks on a standard roof.
(Taxpayers 4.2.4 and 4.2.5)
A - An impact load has a MUCH GREATER EFFECT than the same weight carried as a static (stationary) load.
B - Fire burning out of control for TWENTY (20) min or more.
C - Inability to make headway within TWENTY (20) min into operation.
62
Which of the following factors is missing during a fire in the decay stage and is necessary to create a backdraft?
A) Combustibles
B) Heat
C) Oxygen
ANSWER: C) Oxygen
| Taxpayers 4.4.1.F
63
When members are faced with backdraft conditions at Taxpayer fires, which is the proper sequence for fire attack?
A) Force entry at lower level, vent roof or area over fire, pull ceilings, operate hose line.
B) Vent roof or area over fire, pull ceilings, operate hose lines, force entry at lower level.
C) Vent roof or area over fire, force entry at lower levels, operate hose lines.
D) Operate hose lines, force entry at lower level, vent roof or area over fire.
ANSWER: C) Vent roof or area over fire, force entry at lower levels, operate hose lines.
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.K,M)
64
A room or fire area requires 50% of its space to contain a mixture of high heat, combustible gases and highly heated contents in order for a backdraft to occur. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.F)
*A room requires TWENTY FIVE PERCENT (25%) of its space for a backdraft to occur.
65
The most effective method in protecting firefighters from a potential backdraft is vertical ventilation, and no other method should be employed prior to firefighter entry into a suspected explosive atmosphere. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.N)
*An alternative to roof venting although not as effective, is the use of a hose stream.
66
Ventilation can be accomplished in various ways at a taxpayer fire. Which choice is correct concerning ventilation?
A) A roof cut for vertical ventilation must be large enough to permit rapid exit of heat and gases, and where possible should be 4 feet by 8 feet.
B) Engine companies can use the FT-2 tip and must adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back four to five feet.
C) At cellar fires cutting the first floor is often necessary, and the cut should be made as near as possible to an outside opening such as a doorway or window.
D) Roof cuts should be lifted off in multiple, smaller, more manageable pieces.
ANSWER: B) Engine companies can use the FT-2 tip and must adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back four to five feet.
(Taxpayers 5.4.6, 5.4.16, 5.4.22, 5.5.9)
A - Roof cut at taxpayer is 8 x 8 when possible.
C - Do NOT cut near a doorway.
D - If possible lift roof cuts IN ONE PIECE.
67
A newly promoted Lt. Arrived 1st due ladder at a commercial building fire. The eCIDS indicated a bowstring truss roof. After conferring with the Engine Lt. it was decided that an interior attack would be commenced. He was correct in which of the ensuing orders?
A) Ordered all of his members to accompany the engine into the structure to facilitate advancement of the line.
B) Ordered the roof FF to proceed to the roof to assess conditions, but instructed the FF not to cut the roof.
C) Once he recognized that there were ceilings in place, obscuring the trusses, he requested the OV FF to raise the TL bucket and make inspection cuts in the sloping hip section on the front of the roof.
D) Once he recognized that fire involved the underside of the roof boards, he directed the line to sweep the highest portion of the roof arch, and had members waiting outside the structure move up on the line.
ANSWER: C) Once he recognized that there were ceilings in place, obscuring the trusses, he requested the OV FF to raise the TL bucket and make inspection cuts in the sloping hip section on the front of the roof.
(Taxpayers 5.5.25)
A - Keep operating force to a MINIMUM.
B - BWSTRG roof (contents or structure fire we DO NOT OPERATE ON ROOF)
D - Fire involved in underside of roof boards (PULL OUT)
68
Collapse potential of a bowstring roof is great. Particular attention must be paid to which walls?
A) Both sidewalks
B) Front walls only
C) Rear walls only
D) Front and rear walls
ANSWER: D) Front and rear walls
| Taxpayers 5.5.25.E
69
Members on the roof of a taxpayer who are prepared to make a trench cut should know that?
A) Trenching does not take the place of a primary ventilation hole, but may serve as an additional ventilation source.
B) The width of the trench should be at least 2 feet wide.
C) The trench must be made perpendicular to the roof joists in order to vent as many bays as possible.
D) When fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft in a large taxpayer, multiple saws must be used to assist in trenching.
E) Avoid trenching that will incorporate a shaft, chimney or bulkhead, as fire can pass at this point.
ANSWER: A) Trenching does not take the place of a primary ventilation hole, but may serve as an additional ventilation source.
(Taxpayer 5.6)
B - Trench width should be at least THREE (3) FEET WIDE.
C - Trench should be made IN ANY DIRECTION WITH THE LEAST AMOUNT OF CUTTING.
D - Trench cut is NOT PRACTICAL in a large cockloft fire.
E - Use building features to help facilitate trench cut.
70
Which statement about roof supervision is accurate at Taxpayer fires?
A) The IC must assign an officer to supervise roof operations when one saw is working on the roof.
B) The IC must assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when two saws are working on the roof.
C) The IC should assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
D) The IC should assign an officer to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
ANSWER: C) The IC should assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
(Taxpayers 5.5.20, 5.4.12)
B - When 2 saws are working = can be an officer OR chief
71
While responding as the first due battalion chief to a fire in a taxpayer, BC Gooden considered all of the following points. Which point should BC Gooden consider as wrong?
A) The first due BC must establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building, but outside of the collapse zone.
B) If a tower ladder is not assigned on the initial response and it's use is anticipated, special call one. A properly positioned tower ladder can cover a building with a frontage of 100 feet.
C) When heavy caliber streams are to be used, units already committed should be withdrawn to safe positions, before commencing their operation. The withdrawal should be carefully controlled and monitored via Handie talkie.
D) If the building is another type of commercial building, such as a department store and it has a fire command station, the BC should establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building.
ANSWER: D) If the building is another type of commercial building, such as a department store and it has a fire command station, the BC should establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.7.2, 5.7.5, 5.7.6, 5.8.2, 5.8.3)
*If fire command station is present establish ICP there. If there is not a fire command station or the location of the fire command station makes it unsuitable for use the ICP should be outside the building close enough for good communications but far enough away for a proper size up. (Other commercial fires)
72
BC Doyle has just arrived at a fire in a taxpayer. The building is one story in height, exposure 1 is the street, exposures 2 and 4 are vacant lots, and exposure 3 is a rear yard. There is an advanced fire in the store with two lines operating, no extension to the cockloft, and no fire in the cellar. Which of the following actions should BC Doyle take at this fire?
A) Transmit a second alarm; have four portable ladders raised and all sides covered.
B) Call for an extra engine and truck and have four portable ladders raised and ensure at least two are placed on the front of the building.
C) Operate with a full 1st alarm assignment and have 5 portable ladders raised, all sides covered.
D) Call for an extra engine and truck; ensure 5 portable ladders are raised and all sides are covered with at least 2 on the front of the building.
ANSWER: D) Call for an extra engine and truck; ensure 5 portable ladders are raised and all sides are covered with at least 2 on the front of the building.
(Taxpayers 5.7.4, 5.7.7, 5.7.8)
A - If there is extension to an adjoining store, the cockloft, or an advanced fire in the cellar, transmit a second alarm.
B - portable ladders at taxpayers: all sides of building to be covered, a minimum of two portable ladders on front of building
C - when two handlines are OPERATING on advanced fire in a store call for an extra engine and truck.
73
Which Engine company(s) stretched the appropriate sized hoseline at a taxpayer fire? (More than 1 correct)
1. E-1 stretched an 1 3/4" line as the initial hoseline for a light fire condition in a taxpayer.
2. E-2 stretched a 2 1/2" line as the initial hose line for a medium fire condition in a taxpayer.
3. E-3 stretched a 1 3/4" line into an exposure with medium fire extension in a large uncompartmented area.
4. E-4 stretched a 2 1/2" line as the initial hoseline for a heavy fire condition in a taxpayer and then reduced it to an 1 3/4" after the initial attack.
A) E-1, E-2, E-3
B) E-2, E-3, E-4
C) E-1, E-2,E-4
D) E-1, E-3, E-4
ANSWER: C) E-1, E-2, E-4
(Taxpayer 7.1)
"DALLAS" (2 1/2" line)
Defensive / Advanced fire / Large uncompartmented area / Large volume of fire / Area size not determined / Superheated fire
Medium fire condition - 2 1/2"
Light fire condition - may take an 1 3/4"
74
Which tactic below is incorrect when operating at a cellar fire in a taxpayer?
A) When there is an interior stair to the cellar, especially if it is an open stair and conditions permit, the first line must be stretched to this point to prevent the spread of fire and to permit operations on the first floor.
B) When stretching hand lines to the cellar, enough hose should be flaked out, charged, and the kinks removed before advancing down the stairs. Supply a line to the cellar sprinkler Siamese if the building has one.
C) Stretch lines into adjoining cellars and operate through holes made in partitions. As a last resort flood the first floor cellar with pipes and distributors.
D) Officers of advancing lines should monitor heat conditions. When stock cannot be removed, an attempt to hit the fire by deflecting the stream off the ceiling over the stock can be made.
ANSWER: C) Stretch lines into adjoining cellars and operate through holes made in partitions. As a last resort flood the first floor cellar pipes and distributors. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 7.2.2)
*Flood first floor with use of MONITORS OR TOWER LADDER STREAMS as a last resort.
75
When operating at a cellar fire in a taxpayer which engine company must ensure the sprinkler system is supplied? When operating at a store fire in a taxpayer which engine company must ensure the sprinkler system is supplied? When operating at a cockloft fire in a taxpayer which engine company must ensure the sprinkler system is supplied?
A) 3/2/3
B) 3/3/3
C) 2/3/2
D) 2/2/2
ANSWER: B) 3/3/3
(Taxpayers 7.2.3 C, 7.3.5 A, B3)
*Cross reference: Lofts 6.2.1 B (2nd due Engine ensures sprinkler system is supplied)
76
Units arrive at a fire in the middle store of a row of 5 taxpayers. Upon arrival there is fire in the cockloft of the middle store which has control of the cockloft. All the stores are unoccupied except the store that is to the immediate left of the middle store, this store is a bodega which is open at the time of the fire with workers in the store. There are 3 Engines, 2 Trucks and a BC on the scene. Which point listed below is correct concerning operations at this fire?
A) The first two handlines should be stretched to the store involved. A line may also be required on the roof to protect exposures and personnel once the roof is opened.
B) The 1st due Engine positioned the engine for use of the deck pipe and should not use inline pumping because of the anticipated use of the deck pipe.
C) The 1st line was stretched into the bodega and the 2nd line was stretched by the 2nd due engine company to the 2nd store to the right of the middle store.
D) While operating the officer of the 1st due engine thought to himself that if the IC orders a roof line operated into the roof all interior operations must be discontinued at all times.
C) The 1st line was stretched into the bodega and the 2nd line was stretched by the 2nd due engine company to the 2nd store to the right of the middle store.
(Taxpayers 7.3.1 B, 7.3.5, 7.3.3 G)
A - This is true for a STORE FIRE (not a cockloft fire)
B - UTILIZE ILP for use of deck pipe
D - Members must be in a SAFE AREA (they do not have to leave building)
When fire has control of cockloft and exposure protection is critical:
* 1st line to most severe exposure / life hazard
* 2nd line into another exposure / may have to skip stores to operate into cockloft and extinguish.
77
L-100 was discussing operations at taxpayers during afternoon drill. Which operation/tactic concerning ladder operations is incorrect?
A) The practice of opening up directly over the main area of involvement may not always be practical for cellar fires. Conditions may require cutting holes in the floor near windows and exterior doorways.
B) When sending members into cellars to shut down utilities, two mask equipped members shall be dispatched as a team.
C) The demands for ladder company services at a taxpayer fire are many. Engine companies can be used to force a door, feel a partition, and open ceilings to get water into the cockloft.
D) First floor fires may be extensions of cellar fires. Conversely, first floor fires may drop down and start a cellar fire. Cellar must always be checked.
ANSWER: A) The practice of opening up directly over the main area of involvement may not always be practical for cellar fires. Conditions may require cutting holes in the floor near windows and exterior doorways. (Incorrect)
(Taxpayers 8.2.1, 8.1.17)
*You DO NOT cut near a doorway or aisle.
78
After operations at a cellar fire in a taxpayer with 2 stories BC Duffelli was critiquing operations. Which member(s) would the Chief know to have operated incorrectly? (More than 1 incorrect)
A) The 1st due forcible entry team after getting the required approval from their officer and IC took out the store windows.
B) The 1st due Roof FF placed a portable ladder to the roof and vented the skylight and scuttle after coordinating and communicating with his officer.
C) The 2nd due OV initially teamed up with the 1st due OV and then went to the roof.
D) The 2nd due LCC positioned his aerial ladder away from the immediate fire building and joined the forcible entry team.
ANSWER: A and C are INCORRECT
* The 1st due forcible entry team after getting the required approval from their officer and IC took out the store windows (INCORRECT)
* The 2nd due OV initially teamed up with the 1st due OV and then went to the roof. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 8.2.2)
A - Store or cockloft fire: Need Officer AND IC approval along with a CHARGED hose line in order to take the windows. (Not necessary to have IC approval for a cellar fire)
C - 1st and 2nd due OV will team up and go to the REAR for a cellar fire. (2nd OV may be directed to the roof for a STORE or COCKLOFT FIRE)
79
Which tactic for store and cockloft fires at a taxpayer is not entirely correct?
A) The practicality of trenching depends on the size of the roof, volume of fire, and ceilings height and type.
B) Although a fire may have started in the cockloft, most fires extend to the cockloft through ceilings, ducts, and vertical arteries from store or cellar fires.
C) All areas of the store must be searched for removal of the occupants with particular attention given to the rear and main selling areas.
D) Most taxpayer fires originate in the cellar area. Fires in these premises generally originate in the storage or utility area, which in most occupancies is in the cellar.
ANSWER: D) Most taxpayer fires originate in the cellar area. Fires in these premises generally originate in the storage or utility area, which in most occupancies is in the cellar. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 8.3.1, 8.3.2)
* Most taxpayer fires originate AT STREET LEVEL.
* The storage utility area in most occupancies is IN THE REAR.
80
When operating at a cockloft fire in a taxpayer with 2 stores which member/team was incorrect in their actions?
A) The 1st due FE team took out the store windows after coordinating with their officer and after a charged line was in position.
B) The 1st due LCC placed his tower ladder in front of the fire building and went to the roof to assist the roof firefighter.
C) The 2nd due LCC placed his aerial ladder away from the immediate fire building and joined the FE team.
D) The 2nd due FE team forced entry into the adjacent store, checked for extension and performed necessary searches.
ANSWER: A) The 1st due FE team took out the store windows after coordinating with their officer and after a charged line was in position. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 8.3.3)
*Cockloft fire - Need Charged line in place along with Officer AND IC permission. (Officer permission only for cellar fires)
81
Which member(s) operating at a taxpayer fire was carrying the correct tools for his position/assignment? (More than one correct)
A) The 1st due FE FF was carrying an axe and a halligan tool while the Can FF carried a 6' hook and the can.
B) The Can FF of the 1st due truck was sent by his officer to get the Bam-Bam tool for use on a case hardened lock.
C) The 1st and 2nd due OV FF's we're each carrying a halligan tool. One of the OV FF's also had a maul and the other a flat head axe.
D) The 2nd due Roof FF at a cockloft fire was carrying the saw and a halligan tool.
E) The extra truck on the all hands reported to the command post with their 10' and 12' hooks instead of their 6' hooks.
ANSWER: A and D are correct
* The 1st due FE FF was carrying an axe and a halligan tool while the Can FF carried a 6' hook and the can
* The 2nd due Roof FF at a cockloft fire was carrying the saw and a halligan tool (Book states Axe or Iron)
(Taxpayers 8.4)
B - According to taxpayer bulletin the BamBam tool is INEFFECTIVE ON CASE HARDENED LOCKS.
C - OV takes Maul and Halligan (Flat head axe is INEFFECTIVE FOR OV AT TAXPAYERS)
E - Bring 10' and 12' hooks IN ADDITION TO 6' HOOKS.
82
L-100, an aerial ladder, has just arrived at a fire in a 2 story taxpayer. The fire is on the 2nd floor and there is no extension to the cockloft at this time. Members of L-100 completely laddered the 2nd floor using portable ladders while the FE team used the interior stairs to gain access to the 2nd floor. The LCC of L-100 also placed his aerial ladder to the roof of the taxpayer for ventilation. Do you agree or disagree with the actions of L-100?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: A) Agree
(Taxpayers 9)
*If there is fire on the 2nd floor the aerial may be put to the roof for ventilation.
83
Capt. Weslang is on BISP with his company and is in the process of inspecting a taxpayer built in 1940. The store is a 1 story, class 3 construction, and the exposures are as follows: Exposure 1 is a street, exposure 2 is a street, exposure 3 is a rear alley, and exposure 4 is a 3 story MD. The building is not sprinklered. Capt. Weslang would know that the maximum permitted area of this structure is ___________ square feet. If the building was sprinklered the maximum permitted area would be __________ square feet.
A) 14,000 / 28,000
B) 14,500 / 29,000
C) 17,500 / 35,000
D) 10,000 / 20,000
ANSWER: B) 14,500 / 29,000 (For 2 streets / double for sprinkler)
* Maximum permitted area of structure is 10,000, 14,500 or 17,500 square feet depending whether the building faces upon one, two or three street fronts. The area of the structure is the area between exterior walls or between fire walls. This area may be doubled if the area is sprinklered.
C - 17,500 / 35,000 for 3 streets
D - 10,000 / 20,000 for 1 street
(Taxpayers Appendix A 1938 Building Code)
84
Capt. Weslang is on BISP with his company and is in the process of inspecting a taxpayer built in 1940. The store is a 1 story, class 3 construction, and the exposures are as follows: Exposure 1 is a street, exposure 2 is a similar attached, exposure 3 is a rear alley, and exposure 4 is a 3 story MD. The building is not sprinklered. Capt. Weslang would know that the maximum permitted area of this structure is ___________ square feet. If the building was sprinklered the maximum permitted area would be __________ square feet.
A) 14,000 / 28,000
B) 14,500 / 29,000
C) 17,500 / 35,000
D) 10,000 / 20,000
ANSWER: D) 10,000 / 20,000 (ONE STREET / double for sprinkler)
* Maximum permitted area of structure is 10,000, 14,500 or 17,500 square feet depending whether the building faces upon one, two or three street fronts. The area of the structure is the area between exterior walls or between fire walls. This area may be doubled if the area is sprinklered.
A - 14,500 / 29,000 for TWO streets
B - 14,500 / 29,000 for TWO streets
C - 17,500 / 35,000 for THREE streets
(Taxpayers Appendix A 1938 Building Code)
85
Capt. Weslang is on BISP with his company and is in the process of inspecting a taxpayer built in 1940. The store is a 1 story, class 3 construction, and the exposures are as follows: Exposure 1 is a street, exposure 2 is a street, exposure 3 is a rear alley, and exposure 4 is a street. The building is not sprinklered. Capt. Weslang would know that the maximum permitted area of this structure is ___________ square feet. If the building was sprinklered the maximum permitted area would be __________ square feet.
A) 14,000 / 28,000
B) 14,500 / 29,000
C) 17,500 / 35,000
D) 10,000 / 20,000
ANSWER: C) 17,500 / 35,000 (THREE STREETS / double for sprinkler)
* Maximum permitted area of structure is 10,000, 14,500 or 17,500 square feet depending whether the building faces upon one, two or three street fronts. The area of the structure is the area between exterior walls or between fire walls. This area may be doubled if the area is sprinklered.
A - 14,500 / 29,000 for TWO streets
B - 14,500 / 29,000 for TWO streets
D - 10,000 / 20,000 for ONE street
(Taxpayers Appendix A 1938 Building Code)
86
You are the 2nd due Engine at a taxpayer fire with heavy visible fire in the store and cockloft that is rapidly extending to the adjoining occupancy. The area and extent of this adjoining occupancy is not known. Upon arrival the first Engine transmitted a 2nd alarm and is now operating a line in the involved store. Based on this scenario you then order your members to?
A) Stretch a 1 3/4" line into the exposure
B) Stretch a 1 3/4" line into the involved store to backup the first line.
C) Stretch a 2 1/2" line into the exposure.
D) Stretch a 2 1/2" line into involved store to backup the first line.
ANSWER: C) Stretch a 2 1/2" line into the exposure
(Taxpayers 7.3.5)
* If fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, assist the first Engine with the initial line. If staffing and conditions permit, stretch a line into another seriously exposed building/occupancy and operate into the cockloft to confine and extinguish the fire. It may be advisable to skip stores in order to confine a cockloft fire.
* When compatible with fire conditions, 1 3/4" lines may be used in exposures. It would not be considered compatible for this scenario.
87
Lieutenant Axe is drilling the members of his company on the warning signs of backdraft. Lieutenant Axe states the following colors of smoke can be associated with a backdraft, but is corrected by FF Bull in which choice?
A) Dirty Brown
B) Yellow Brown
C) Gray Yellow
D) Blue Green
ANSWER: D) Blue Green (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 4.4.1 B)
```
* Indications of backdraft:
Dense black smoke
Dirty brown
Yellow brown
Gray yellow
```
88
According to FDNY procedures Taxpayer fires, what is the most prevalent type of taxpayer?
A) Taxpayers built from the turn of the century until the 1920s.
B) Taxpayers built from 1920s to 1960s.
C) Taxpayers built since the 1960s.
D) Taxpayers built with metal decking supported by metal joists.
ANSWER: B) Taxpayers built from 1920s to 1960s
(Taxpayers 2.3)
* These are the most prevalent type of Taxpayers.
89
44 truck in the South Bronx responded 2nd due for a cockloft fire in a taxpayer. Which member of 44 truck was improperly positioned as per FDNY tactics and procedures?
A) Roof FF raised 2nd portable ladder to Roof. Took saw to roof and assisted in ventilation.
B) Forcible Entry team shut down gas and electrical supply.
C) OV proceeded to Roof or teams up with first OV to check rear for access.
D) LCC joined the FE team if not directed otherwise.
ANSWER: B) Forcible Entry team shut down gas and electrical supply. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 8.3.3 1H)
* FIRST DUE FE TEAM shuts down utilities.
* 2nd due FE team forces entry into adjacent stores.
90
Columns in taxpayers can be wood, cast iron, lally columns (steel or cast iron), or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail in fire endurance tests, on average in about ________ minutes.
A) 15
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90
ANSWER: B) 30
(Taxpayers 3.7)
* On average, cast iron columns fail in fire endurance tests in about 30 MINUTES.
91
Which unit must ensure the sprinkler system is supplied at a store fire in a Taxpayer?
A) 1st Engine
B) 2nd Engine
C) 3rd Engine
D) 4th Engine
ANSWER: C) 3rd Engine
| Taxpayers 7.3.5
92
According to the glossary of firefighting procedures, taxpayer fires, which statement below is incorrect?
A) A canopy is an unsupported roof like covering which projects from a wall as an ornamental feature.
B) An eccentric load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member and the load is not evenly applied.
C) An axial load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member and is straight and true, and evenly applied.
D) A marquee is a permanent hood which projects over an entrance and is not supported by posts or columns.
ANSWER: A) A canopy is an unsupported roof like covering which projects from a wall as an ornamental feature. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer Glossary)
* Canopy IS A SUPPORTED roof like covering.
93
All of the following statements regarding first due Engine company tactics at cockloft fires in a taxpayer are correct except which one?
A) Do not operate hoselines directly into roof openings.
B) If fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, position the Engine to utilize the deck pipe.
C) Stretch a handline into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building.
D) If exposures are not an immediate problem, the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire.
ANSWER: A) Do not operate hoselines directly into roof openings (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 7.3.5)
* You ARE PERMITTED to operate hoselines into roof openings, however, this is generally not a good practice.
* In some cases, operating into roof openings may be the ONLY way of hitting the fire and controlling it.
94
In addition to normal cutting operations at taxpayers, examination holes should be cut for the following reasons except?
A) Determine if the fire extended to that area.
B) Use right angle tips, or if the cockloft is deep, cellar pipes.
C) Release pent up gases, smoke and heat in areas close to the fire.
D) Determine if and where additional ventilation cuts may be necessary.
ANSWER: C) Release pent up gases, smoke and heat in areas close to the fire. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.5.21 D)
* Release gas/smoke/heat in areas REMOVED FROM THE FIRE.
95
You are the FAST unit officer at a store fire in a one story Taxpayer. You take note of the fact that the first, second and third engine companies are on scene. You also note that the first and second ladder companies are on scene. These are the only units on scene, plus your unit and the first Battalion Chief. Listening to the handie talkie you overhear the first and second OV state that they are teaming up to make entry into the rear of the store. You also overhear the Roof firefighter notify the IC that the fire has extended into the cockloft. At this point in the operation, which firefighters should be operating on the roof based on our written procedures? (More than 1 correct)
A) First Roof Firefighter
B) Second Roof Firefighter
C) First LCC
D) Second LCC
ANSWER: A) First Roof Firefighter / B) Second Roof Firefighter / C) First LCC
(Taxpayers, 8.3.3)
* First LCC will operate on roof for a FIRE IN THE COCKLOFT
* Second LCC will report to his FE TEAM if not directed elsewhere
96
You arrive on the scene as the third engine company for a fire in the cellar of a one story Taxpayer. The second engine company is assisting the first engine company with the stretching of the first line. After you ensure that the sprinkler system is supplied, you order a second line stretched. You would know that the second line can be used in which ways listed below?
1. To control the first floor if the first engine company has advanced into the cellar via the cellar entrance.
2. Serve as a backup or protection line for the first engine company
3. Stretch into the cellar via the interior stairs or the outside entrance if the first units line has to control the first floor.
4. To employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
A) 1, 2 and4 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2 and 3 only
ANSWER: C) 1, 2, 3, 4
(Taxpayers, 7.2)
* All are correct
97
Which type of taxpayer is considered the most prevalent type?
A) The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920's.
B) Any type made of lightweight construction.
C) The type built from the 1920's into the 1960's.
D) The newer type construction built since the 1960's.
ANSWER: C) The type built from the 1920's into the 1960's.
| Taxpayer 2.3.2
98
For a store fire in a taxpayer, which unit is responsible for ensuring the sprinkler system is supplied, when the building is protected by a sprinkler?
A) First-arriving Engine
B) Second-arriving Engine
C) Third-arriving Engine
D) Fourth-arriving Engine
ANSWER: C) Third-arriving Engine
* First arriving Engine - when staffing and conditions permit, a second line shall be stretched to feed this system.
* Second arriving Engine - when the first Engine has not supplied it and staffing and conditions permit, a second line shall be stretched to feed this system.
* Third arriving Engine - ENSURE sprinkler system is supplied.
(Taxpayer 7.3.5 A)
99
Members preparing to fight a fire in a taxpayer are reminded of the potential for backdraft; specifically that a room or fire area requires only ________ of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
A) 20 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 40 percent
ANSWER: C) 25 percent
| Txpyr 4.4.1 F
100
Units arrive at a heavy fire in a pizza place on the first floor of a 1-story Taxpayer. There is slight extension to Exposure 02, a deli, and severe extension to the exposure 04, a pharmacy. Regarding the engine company line placement at this fire, which line was stretched to the correct location?
A) The second hand line was stretched into the pizza place to backup the first hand line.
B) The second hand line was stretched into the deli.
C) The second hand line was stretched into the pharmacy.
D) The first hand line was stretched into the pharmacy.
ANSWER: A) The second hand line was stretched into the pizza place to backup the first hand line.
(Taxpayers 7.3.5)
* STORE FIRE IN A TAXPAYER THE FIRST TWO LINES ARE STRETCHED TO THE INVOLVED STORE DON’T BE BAITED WITH FIRE IN EXPOSURES.
101
You are the Officer at a fire in a Taxpayer where fire has extended from the store to the cockloft. You should know that when the 1st Roof Firefighter is going to the roof, he is carrying the saw and a _______________.
Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an ____________ with the saw if available.
A) Halligan / Hook
B) Hook / Halligan
C) Halligan / Axe or Iron
D) Hook / Axe or Iron
ANSWER: D) Hook / Axe or Iron
(Taxpayer 8.4.3 C)
* When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a HOOK must also be taken.
* Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an AXE OR IRON with the saw if available.
* Tarred over scuttles and skylights can be removed, and a full complement of tools will be available for use. Engine company personnel may use these if truck company members are at a premium.
102
Under the 1938 Building Code for Taxpayers, you would know that concealed roof space areas to be cut into areas of ________ square feet or less by fire stops.
A) 2,000
B) 2,500
C) 3,000
D) 3,500
ANSWER: C) 3,000
| Taxpayer - Addendum 3 - 1.3
103
Under the 1938 Building Code for Taxpayers, you would know when wood purlins and cross braces are used for suspended ceilings, the space between
the ceiling and the floor or roof above is to be cut into areas of _________square feet or less by firestops.
A) 2,000
B) 2,500
C) 3,000
D) 3,500
ANSWER: A) 2,000
| Taxpayer - Addendum 3 - 1.4
104
Under the 1968 Building Code for Taxpayers, the maximum permitted area of structure is _______ square feet if unsprinklered. There is no limit to area if the building is sprinklered.
A) 7,500
B) 10,000
C) 12,000
D) 12,500
ANSWER: A) 7,500
| Taxpayer - Addendum 3 - 1.4
105
A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for ______ minutes or more, particularly in a small isolated area is listed as a sign of collapse in a Taxpayer.
A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30
ANSWER: C) 20
| Taxpayer - 4.2.5
106
Which statement below is incorrect regarding fires in taxpayers?
A) When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, transmit a second alarm.
B) Transmit a second alarm for extension to the cockloft.
C) Transmit a second alarm for extension to an adjoining occupancy.
D) Transmit a second alarm for an advanced fire in the cellar.
ANSWER: A) When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, transmit a second alarm. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 5.7.4)
* When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, special call an EXTRA ENGINE and LADDER.
* 2nd Alarm for extension to cockloft / adjoining occupancy or advanced fire in the cellar.
107
When it comes to Engine Company tactics at taxpayer fires, all of the following statements below are correct with the exception of which choice?
A) When heavy or medium fire conditions are encountered, the initial lines should be 2-1/2 inch. These lines can later be used to supply distributors, cellar pipes and heavy stream appliances.
B) Supplying a sprinkler system is to be given a high priority before the establishment of the initial line.
C) When compatible with fire conditions, 1-3/4 inch lines may be used in exposures.
D) For a fire that is traveling rapidly along a row of stores in a taxpayer, it may be best to skip stores and stretch lines into alternate stores ahead of the fire. The bypassed stores will be covered by subsequent lines.
ANSWER: B) Supplying a sprinkler system is to be given a high priority before the establishment of the initial line.
(Taxpayer 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.7)
* Supplying a sprinkler system is to be given a high priority AFTER the establishment of the initial line.
* If the striking power and the water capability of 2-1/2 inch hoselines are not required, after the initial attack, they can be reduced to 1-3/4 inch lines for subsequent operations.
108
In a taxpayer, a parapet wall is a continuation of an exterior wall, fire wall or party wall above the roof line. Which choice contains incorrect information regarding these walls?
A) The parapet section of the exterior walls may extend around the entire perimeter of a building roof area.
B) A close watch must be kept for parapet walls out of plumb or bowed. A member stationed at the corner can sight along this wall to detect such conditions but this may be difficult due to smoke conditions and the numerous signs and awnings present.
C) A particularly hazardous condition is the possible collapse of the rear parapet wall. This is more dangerous than the potential collapse of front or side parapet walls as the rear parapet wall is often unsupported laterally for long distances.
D) An uncontrolled fire in a remote portion of a taxpayer or in the cockloft of a taxpayer may be heating "I" beams, causing their expansion and steadily pushing the parapet outward.
ANSWER: C) A particularly hazardous condition is the possible collapse of the rear parapet wall. This is more dangerous than the potential collapse of front or side parapet walls as the rear parapet wall is often unsupported laterally for long distances. (INCORRECT)
(Txpyr 3.4.3)
* A particularly hazardous condition is the possible collapse of the FRONT parapet wall (e.g., any parapet wall facing a street; a corner building facing one, two or three streets).
* This parapet wall is often unsupported laterally for a long distance, receiving its support only at the ends where they tie into crosswalls.
109
Which of the following choices is most correct regarding tool assignments for members going to the roof at a taxpayer fire operation?
1. When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a halligan must also be taken.
2. Members going to the roof subsequently should bring a hook with the saw if available.
A) Both choice 1 and 2
B) Neither choice 1 or 2
C) Only choice 1
D) Only choice 2
ANSWER: B) Neither choice 1 or 2
(Taxpayer 8.4.3 C)
* When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a HOOK must also be taken.
* Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an AX or IRON with the saw if available.
* Tarred over scuttles and skylights can be removed, and a full complement of tools will be available for use.
* Note: Engine company personnel may use these if truck company members are at a premium.
110
Tool assignments at taxpayer operations may vary from the normal at times. Which description of tool assignments is not in accordance with Department policy?
A) The extinguisher firefighter brings the can and hook to the fire door and the forcible entry firefighter carries an ax and a halligan tool. One member can be used to go for additional tools as needed.
B) The maul and duckbill lockbreaker may be required for some padlocks.
C) The Bam-Bam tool and screwdriver are used to pull padlock cylinders. Brass padlock cylinders are being replaced by "case hardened" materials; the Bam-Bam tool is the preferred tool to force these locks.
D) Obstructions may be encountered in the rear such as doors sealed with wood or metal and bricked up windows. The maul and halligan are required; a hook, pike head or flat head ax will be inadequate in this situation.
ANSWER: C) The Bam-Bam tool and screwdriver are used to pull padlock cylinders. Brass padlock cylinders are being replaced by "case hardened" materials; the Bam-Bam tool is the preferred tool to force these locks. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.4.3 A. B)
* The Bam-Bam tool and screwdriver are used to pull padlock cylinders. Brass padlock cylinders are being replaced by "case hardened" materials - the Bam-Bam tool is INEFFECTIVE on these locks.
111
Mezzanine areas will be found in some taxpayers and their location, area and use will differ. All choices below contain correct information regarding mezzanines in taxpayers except?
A) Some are found in the rear of the store or building, some along one side from front to rear or along part of one side, and a few have been erected in the center of the premises.
B) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine and the area below will be below average.
C) Access to the mezzanine will usually be via two separate wooden stairways.
D) The majority of mezzanines will not be enclosed and there will be a railing at the edge.
ANSWER: C) Access to the mezzanine will usually be via two separate wooden stairways. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 2.4)
* Access to the mezzanine may be via small wooden stairs or just a ladder. Very seldom will there be another means of access.
112
Two members discussing trenching operations at taxpayer fires agreed on all statements below except which incorrect choice?
A) The width of the trench should be at least three feet wide. A trench cut may be made in any direction.
B) Trenching does not take the place of ventilation holes. Although a trench may serve as an additional ventilation source, it’s main purpose is to prevent the fire from passing that point at which the cut is made.
C) It is essential that units trench a large roof area of a taxpayer when fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft to reduce the possibility of extension and possible loss of the building.
D) The Roof Sector Supervisor can start a trench cut where he/she sees the necessity for it. Immediate notification to the Incident Commander of the operation is mandatory.
ANSWER: C) It is essential that units trench a large roof area of a taxpayer when fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft to reduce the possibility of extension and possible loss of the building. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 5.6)
* It is NOT PRACTICAL to trench a large roof area of a taxpayer where fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft. Emphasis must be placed on ventilation holes.
113
Units arrive on scene of a taxpayer fire in the cockloft of the middle store of a row a five stores. The original fire building is an unoccupied Nail Salon. Fire is extending rapidly to exposure 02, an unoccupied Barber Shop. Fire is also extending, although not as rapidly, to exposure 04, an occupied Deli. Exposures 02A and 04A are both unoccupied. Which of the following line placements at this fire is correct?
A) The first line was stretched into the Nail Salon to control the main body of fire.
B) The second line is stretched into the Deli.
C) The first line is stretched into the Deli.
D) The first two lines must be stretched into the Nail Salon.
ANSWER: C) The first line is stretched into the Deli.
(Taxpayer 7.3.5B)
* First line is stretched into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on the LIFE HAZARD AND THE LOCATION AND SEVERITY OF THE FIRE.
**THE OCCUPIED DELI IN THIS SCENARIO**
* WHEN EXPOSURES ARE NOT AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM, THEN THE FIRST LINE SHOULD BE STRETCHED INTO THE STORE UNDER THE MAIN BODY OF FIRE AND OPERATED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE.
* The SECOND LINE is stretched into ANOTHER SERIOUSLY EXPOSED BUILDING/OCCUPANCY AND OPERATE INTO THE COCKLOFT TO CONFINE AND EXTINGUISH THE FIRE. IT MAY BE ADVISABLE TO SKIP STORES IN ORDER TO CONFINE A COCKLOFT FIRE.
114
Exposed steel "I" beams are commonly used in taxpayer construction to support roof and floor joists. Of the following choices, which contains incorrect information?
A) “I" beams are often built into side or rear masonry walls, or butt the front parapet wall, where they are supported by masonry piers or iron columns at the storefronts.
B) A large, heavy "I" beam will be able to absorb more heat and its temperature will rise more slowly than a lightweight beam.
C) If "I" beams are restrained from expanding (an unlikely occurrence at roof level in taxpayers), they will buckle. Sometimes an "I" beam will push out a small section of bricks and allow fire to extend to exposures.
D) Heated steel beams or columns which are cooled by hose streams will crack or fail. Cooling a steel member with a hose line should never be attempted.
ANSWER: D) Heated steel beams or columns which are cooled by hose streams will crack or fail. Cooling a steel member with a hose line should never be attempted. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.6.1 - 3.6.4)
* There is a false impression that hot steel beams or columns cooled by hose streams will crack or fail.
* Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability, and under normal circumstances, there should be no hesitation in cooling these members.
* HOWEVER, if the beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, whether these beams are cooled or not.
* The steel will contract to its original length as it is cooled and if the beam has sagged, this shortening may pull the end of the beams off their supports or twist the beam allowing the joists to drop.
115
Knowledge of taxpayer construction is of great benefit to members. Of the following choices, all are correct except?
A) When steel beams are heated from 1000 F to 1500 F, their yield strength drops dramatically and they start to soften and fail. This temperature can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire.
B) Columns in taxpayers can be made from wood, cast iron, lally columns (steel or cast iron) or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average, in about thirty (30) minutes in fire endurance tests.
C) The failure of a girder is generally more serious than the failure of a column. The failure of a column in the cellar can cause the subsequent collapse of the floors and roof.
D) As many as two or three dropped ceilings may be found in a particular store. These suspended ceilings offer their own collapse potential when loaded with water or weakened by fire and are sometimes blown down by a backdraft in the cockloft.
ANSWER: C) The failure of a girder is generally more serious than the failure of a column. The failure of a column in the cellar can cause the subsequent collapse of the floors and roof. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.6.3, 3.7.1-3.8.1)
* The failure of a COLUMN is generally more serious than the failure of a girder or beam. The failure of a column in the cellar can cause the subsequent collapse of the floors and roof.
“A” note: .....and it is only a matter of time at an uncontrolled fire (thirty minutes for the smaller beam sections), until these beams can be heated beyond their strength limitations.
116
Which of the following choices lists features indicative of the most prevalent type of taxpayer built from the 1920's into the 1960's?
A) Usually one story in height but there are some that have two stories.
B) Cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building outside off the brick walls. Removing the cornice or sign in most cases will not provide access to the cockloft area.
C) The floor and roof may be concrete poured on top of metal decking, which is supported by the metal joists.
D) The the use of combustible construction material has been reduced.
ANSWER: B) Cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building outside off the brick walls. Removing the cornice or sign in most cases will not provide access to the cockloft area.
(Taxpayer 2.3.1 - 2.3.3)
A - OLDER TYPE built from the turn of the century until the 1920's are usually one story in height but there are some that are two stories.
C - The floor and roof may be concrete poured on top of metal decking, which is supported by the metal joists in NEWER TYPE construction built since the 1960's.
D - The the use of combustible construction material has been reduced in NEWER TYPE construction built since the 1960's.
117
The practicality of trenching the roof of a taxpayer will depend on each of the following factors except?
A) The size of the roof - a long trench may take too much time.
B) The volume of fire - it may be no longer possible to get ahead of the fire.
C) The volume of smoke - too much smoke may prohibit the proper cutting and pulling of a trench.
D) Ceilings - height and type. Due to inaccessibility and extensive lighting systems it may be necessary to attack the fire from above.
ANSWER: C) The volume of smoke - too much smoke may prohibit the proper cutting and pulling of a trench. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.3.2 D)
"VCR"
V - Volume of fire
C - Ceilings height and type
R - Roof size
118
Which members bring the saw to the roof for a fire in the cockloft of a taxpayer?
A) The 1st OV
B) The 1st and 2nd Roof FFs
C) 1st OV and 2nd Roof FFs
D) The 2nd Roof FF only
ANSWER: B) The 1st and 2nd Roof FFs
| Taxpayers 8.3.3
119
Two members discussing flooring in taxpayers agreed on all statements below except which incorrect choice?
A) Flooring can vary in taxpayers. The most common type floors are tongue and groove boards or plywood, supported by wood floor joists.
B) Heavy terrazzo or concrete is sometimes placed over wood joist floor construction, an exceptionally hazardous condition.
C) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can always be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires. The flooring under the raised display platform is always omitted behind these panels.
D) In newer type taxpayer slab construction, concrete floors are prevalent on ground level with no basements or cellars in the buildings.
ANSWER: C) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can always be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires. The flooring under the raised display platform is always omitted behind these panels. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.9.1-3.9.4)
* Paneling under display windows at street fronts can SOMETIMES be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires. The flooring under the raised display platform is SOMETIMES omitted behind these panels.
* B Note: A fire in the cellar may weaken floor supports with little evidence of heat conditions on the first floor. These floors are difficult to ventilate to allow early advance of cellar lines or use of cellar pipes and distributors. Sudden failure due to weight on the floor is possible.
120
Suspended ceilings can present a hazard to members operating at a taxpayer fire. Of the following choices, which is incorrect?
A) As many as two or three dropped ceilings may be found in a particular store. These suspended ceilings offer their own collapse potential when loaded with water or weakened by fire and are sometimes blown down by a backdraft in the cockloft.
B) Suspended ceilings are suspended by light wood strips, steel wire or steel bars, all of which are quickly affected by fire.
C) Special care must be exercised when these ceilings are constructed of heavy wire lath and plaster or tin, as these ceilings often fail and fall in one piece over the entire area of a store.
D) These ceilings should not be "punched" with a hook as the multiple layers of tin, sheetrock or tiles may be brought down by such action.
ANSWER: D) These ceilings should not be "punched" with a hook as the multiple layers of tin, sheetrock or tiles may be brought down by such action. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.8.1, 3.8.2)
* These ceilings SHOULD be "punched" with a hook for water detection, to check construction and fire conditions. Multiple layers of tin, sheetrock or tiles may have been affixed together on supports which were not intended to carry such weight.
* Also...When initially pulling suspended ceilings members should be in a safe area in case of total failure.
121
Truss construction has been used in taxpayers where large areas, free of roof support columns, were desired. Which of the following choices contains incorrect information regarding truss roofs found in taxpayers?
A) The truss is composed of two major members; the top chord and the bottom chord. Shorter members, called webs, connect the top and bottom chords.
B) Webs are placed vertically and diagonally, forming triangular configurations with the chord members. There are many variations but all are essentially the same; a combination of interdependent components used to span large distances through the use of smaller pieces fastened together.
C) Trusses can be either wood or steel. The open web joist or steel bar joist prevalent in modern taxpayer construction is a light weight parallel chord truss.
D) Steel truss roofs appear to fail without warning. The roof does not sag or get "spongy." Wood trusses tend to "stretch" when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures, but steel tends to "snap.”
ANSWER: D) Steel truss roofs appear to fail without warning. The roof does not sag or get "spongy." Wood trusses tend to "stretch" when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures, but steel tends to "snap.” (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.3.3, 3.3.3 J)
* WOOD truss roofs appear to fail without warning. The roof does not sag or get "spongy." STEEL trusses tend to "stretch" when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures, but WOOD tends to "snap.”
122
Two members of a Manhattan Truck Company were participating in a conversation about canopies and marquees found on commercial buildings. Which comment made was incorrect?
A) A canopy or marquee which is cantilevered over the sidewalk can act as a lever on the parapet wall pulling down a long section of it.
B) Canopies and marquees are generally supported by cables, steel tie rods or steel beams, which go through the wall and are attached inside the building, probably to combustible members in the cockloft. A fire in the cockloft can weaken these attachments or supports, causing sudden collapse of the canopy or marquee and a long section of the parapet wall, without any warning.
C) Marquees are hollow boxes which can fill up with run-off water at a fire operation due to use of heavy streams. A 12' x 24' marquee, 4' deep, when filled would contain approximately 35 tons of water.
D) Canopies are required by the building code to have drainage facilities. Many have been found to have roof type gutters and down spouts blocked with debris, rubbish and rubber balls. Marquees are not required to have drainage facilities.
ANSWER: D) Canopies are required by the building code to have drainage facilities. Many have been found to have roof type gutters and down spouts blocked with debris, rubbish and rubber balls. Marquees are not required to have drainage facilities. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.5.1)
* Marquees ARE REQUIRED by the building code to have drainage facilities. Many have been found to have roof type gutters and down spouts blocked with debris, rubbish and rubber balls.
123
For a taxpayer (Group M-Mercantile) constructed under the 2008 Building Code, when does an occupancy require a sprinkler, even if the full building does not?
A) The area exceeds 12,000 square feet.
B) The combined area on all floors, including mezzanines, exceeds 24,000 square feet.
C) Area of any size is located 3 stories above grade.
D) Storage of merchandise is in high-piled racks or rack storage arrays.
ANSWER: C) Area of any size is located 3 stories above grade.
(Taxpayer 2.5.1)
* In this case only the “occupancy” requires sprinkler protection; not the full building.
2008 FULL BUILDING
1. Area exceeding 12,000 sq. feet OR
2. Combined area on all floors exceeds 24,000 sq. feet
2008 OCCUPANCY W/IN BLDG. REQ. SPRINKLER
1. Area exceeds 7,500 sq. feet OR
2. Area of any size is located 3 stories above grade OR
3. Area of any size located in a High Rise Building OR
4. Area of any size contains an unenclosed stair or escalator connecting two or more floors.
124
An alternative to roof venting to help mitigate a potential backdraft is by use of a hose stream. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding this procedure?
A) Before entering a room or area that exhibits signs of an explosive atmosphere, a charged hoseline should be positioned near the entrance.
B) Initially, firefighters should be protected by taking a flanking position or by the reach of the hose stream.
C) The hoseline should be immediately discharged into the fire area when the fire area is opened-up.
D) This is an alternative to roof venting and equally as effective.
ANSWER: D) This is an alternative to roof venting and equally as effective. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 4.4.1 N)
* This is an alternative to roof venting, although NOT as effective.
Note: Taking this action before firefighters and outside air enter a burning, confined, potentially explosive fire area, may allow the water stream to break up the explosive atmosphere. The water can cool a potentially explosive atmosphere.
125
Units arrive at the scene of a fire in a taxpayer with a bowstring truss roof. The company officer of the first ladder company has the following thoughts. Which one is incorrect?
A) These structures have a characteristic hump-like roof profile where the roof appears to rise up from below the parapet wall to tower above it. The longer the span the higher the bow.
B) When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to the compressive strength of wood.
C) Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may only support 40% of the load they were originally designed to hold.
D) When a snow load drifts behind a raised parapet wall it creates a eccentric, unbalanced, concentrated load and can create an overload on the trusses.
ANSWER: B) When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to the compressive strength of wood. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 3.3.3 A; B; C)
* When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to the TENSILE strength of wood.
126
When operating at the scene of a taxpayer fire, members must be aware of the warning signs of a potential backdraft. Which warning sign below is described incorrectly?
A) Reversal of air, pulling smoke back into a smoke filled opening.
B) Glass windows stained with smoke condensation and pulsating from the pressure of the fire.
C) Dense black smoke indicates the lack of oxygen and small quantities of free carbon and carbon monoxide gas.
D) Other colors of smoke associated with a backdraft are dirty brown, yellow brown and gray yellow.
ANSWER: C) Dense black smoke indicates the lack of oxygen and small quantities of free carbon and carbon monoxide gas.
(Taxpayers 4.4.1)
* Dense black smoke indicates the lack of oxygen and LARGE quantities of free carbon and carbon monoxide gas.
127
First alarm units are taking up from a fire in the mezzanine area of a taxpayer. They are discussing some of the features of these mezzanines but are incorrect in which one choice below?
A) Some are found in the rear of the store or building, some along one side from front to rear or along part of one side, and a few have been erected in the center of the premises.
B) The mezzanine area is in most cases used for sales areas, but it can contain storage areas and offices.
C) Access to this area may be via small wooden stairs or just a ladder. Very seldom will there be another means of access.
D) In the majority of the mezzanines this area will not be enclosed and there will be a railing at the edge.
ANSWER: B) The mezzanine area is in most cases used for sales areas, but it can contain storage areas and offices. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 2.4)
* The mezzanine area is in most cases used for STORAGE OF GOODS, but it can contain OFFICES (PREDOMINANT IN SUPERMARKETS AND FACTORIES) AND ALSO SALES AREAS TO WHICH THE PUBLIC WILL HAVE ACCESS.
128
Members are discussing roof ventilation at taxpayer fires and make the following points. Which one is incorrect?
A) Generally, vertical openings are made at the roof level. Scuttles, skylights, or covers of former skylights that are located over or near the main body of fire should be opened first.
B) An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke, and fire to “back up” and vent toward other available flow path openings, including the entrance opening used by the advancing hose line.
C) A roof sector supervisor must supervise roof operations when more than one power saw is working on the roof.
D) A roof sector supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This must be a chief officer as designated by the IC.
ANSWER: D) A roof sector supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This must be a chief officer as designated by the IC. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.12, 5.4.14)
* A roof sector supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This COULD BE A CHIEF OR COMPANY OFFICER as designated by the IC.
* CROSS REF 5.5.20: WHEN ROOF CUTTING IS CRITICAL, A CHIEF OFFICER SHOULD BE ASSIGNED AS ROOF SECTOR SUPERVISOR TO COORDINATE AND DIRECT ROOF OPERATIONS.
129
A taxpayer erected in 1975 should have concealed spaces in ceilings, unless sprinklered, firestopped into areas not exceeding?
A) 1,000 square feet
B) 2,500 square feet
C) 3,000 square feet
D) 5,000 square feet
ANSWER: C) 3,000 square feet
(Taxpayer Appendix A - 2.5)
BUILDING LAWS - 1968 CODE: Only structures erected after the enactment of these sections of the law would be affected.
130
A taxpayer erected in 1939 should have concealed roof space areas cut into areas of ________ or less by fire stops.
A) 1,000 square feet
B) 2,500 square feet
C) 3,000 square feet
D) 5,000 square feet
ANSWER: C) 3,000 square feet
(Taxpayer Appendix A 1.2)
BUILDING LAWS - 1938 CODE: Only structures erected after the enactment of these sections of the law would be affected.
131
Two members of a Staten Island Ladder Company were discussing taxpayer fires. Which term below was incorrectly defined?
A) An axial load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member; it is straight and true and evenly applied to the bearing structure.
B) An eccentric load is a force whose resultant is parallel to the supporting member and passed through the center of the mass. The load is evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member.
C) Impact loads are loads delivered, in a short time, on structural members and produce stresses on structural members that may not have been provided for in design and may cause collapse.
D) Lateral loads are exerted outwardly on a horizontal plane. These forces may take place during a collapse or an explosion; walls are not usually designed to withstand severe lateral loads.
ANSWER: B) An eccentric load is a force whose resultant is parallel to the supporting member and passed through the center of the mass. The load is evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member. (INCORRECT)
(Txpyr Glossary)
* An eccentric load is a force whose resultant is PERPENDICULAR to the supporting member but does NOT pass through the center of the mass. The load is NOT evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member.
132
Which taxpayer construction feature below is listed incorrectly?
A) Taxpayer features, which contribute to the instability of the structure, may not be obvious during fire operations because structural elements are covered by finishing material or obscured by smoke conditions.
B) The cockloft is usually a common area extending over all the stores in the structure and can vary in height from one to two inches. A large amount of exposed wood, such as roof boards, bridging and wood lath is present.
C) There are many types of roofs on taxpayers but the most common is constructed of wood joists covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood.
D) Inverted, raised or reversed roof construction is used to create a pitch to provide drainage. Sometimes an inverted roof is constructed over an existing roof and forms an additional cockloft.
ANSWER: B) The cockloft is usually a common area extending over all the stores in the structure and can vary in height from one to two inches. A large amount of exposed wood, such as roof boards, bridging and wood lath is present. (INCORRECT)
(TAXPAYER 3.1-3.3.2)
* The cockloft is usually a common area extending over all the stores in the structure and can vary in height from FOUR INCHES to MORE THAN SIX FEET. A large amount of exposed wood, such as roof boards, bridging and wood lath is present.
C - The roof is then covered with combustible waterproofing material commonly called "tarpaper" or "built up roofing" which may be several layers thick. Sometimes a layer of tin is found under the tarpaper in old taxpayers. The roof joists may be supported at approximately 20-foot intervals, by exterior brick bearing walls, interior load bearing studded partitions, wood or steel girders supported by steel lally columns or wood columns.
133
At a cellar fire in a taxpayer the second engine company must assist first engine with initial line. In a building protected by a sprinkler system, when first engine has not supplied it and staffing and conditions permit, a second line shall be stretched to feed this system. After supplying the sprinkler system, when staffing and conditions permit, the second engine stretched a second line as outlined below. Which location is incorrect?
A) If the first engine advances the first line to the cellar, the second hoseline must be stretched to the cellar as a backup line.
B) The second line was used to employ cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
C) If the first engine has control of the first floor, the second line may be stretched to the cellar via an outside entrance.
D) If the first engine has control of the first floor, the second line may be stretched to the cellar via the interior stairs.
ANSWER: A) If the first engine advances the first line to the cellar, the second hoseline must be stretched to the cellar as a backup line. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 7.2.3 B)
* If the first engine advances the first line to the cellar, the second hoseline MAY BE STRETCHED TO CONTROL THE FIRST FLOOR.
B - 2nd line CAN be used for cellar pipes/distributors if 1st line had to control the 1st floor.
NOTE C&D: The second line may be stretched into the cellar VIA THE INTERIOR STAIRS OR OUTSIDE ENTRANCE if the first engine has control of the first floor.
134
The following choices signal warning signs of a potential structural collapse during firefighting operations in a taxpayer structure. Which one is described incorrectly?
A) Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 15 minutes or more, particularly in a small, compartmented area.
B) Walls leaking smoke or water.
C) Walls or columns out of plumb.
D) Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition within 20 minutes into the operation at the fire.
ANSWER: A) Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 15 minutes or more, particularly in a small, compartmented area. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 4.2.5)
* Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 MINUTES or more, particularly in a LARGE OPEN floor area.
135
Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding the newest type of taxpayer construction?
A) It is much better than the traditional or older type from a fire protection viewpoint.
B) Many of the newer type taxpayers are built with large, uncompartmented cellars, which pose a major problem at cellar fires.
C) The partition walls are usually better constructed due to the use of the steel and aluminum stud system which employs gypsum blocks and sheathing as a bearing or nonbearing wall system.
D) The roof system will remain a major fire fighting factor because, for the most part, the roofs are constructed of "bar joists," lightweight steel or flat wood trusses.
ANSWER: B) Many of the newer type taxpayers are built with large, uncompartmented cellars, which pose a major problem at cellar fires. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.13)
* Many of the newer type taxpayers are built on a concrete slab foundation, which REMOVES a major problem of cellar and basement fires.
136
Members of E100 were conducting a drill regarding the advancement of hose lines into large areas or cellars of taxpayers. In which choice below was an incorrect statement made?
A) Units should be aware that when advancing in these areas, heat and fire may be building up and passing over their heads. When stretching into a cellar it is advisable to post a lookout at the top of a cellar stair or outside cellar entrance to observe these conditions.
B) Cellar entrances may have chutes or coasters, used for delivery, turned on their sides. Care must be exercised that these are secure and don't fall onto the stairs after members have entered.
C) Units advancing lines must check for floor and ceiling stability, particularly in areas of heavy fire, where floor or ceiling supports have been weakened by fire which has been extinguished.
D) Members advancing lines should strive to bunch up and stay close together on the hoseline to prevent members from separating from the team and getting lost.
ANSWER: D) Members advancing lines should strive to bunch up and stay close together on the hoseline to prevent members from separating from the team and getting lost. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 4.7)
* Do NOT "bunch up". Spread out along a line to lessen floor loads in a central area and limit the injury potential in the event the structure fails.
* A Note: Units advancing under the protection of a line may be unaware of this heat build up and fire may break out behind them. In large areas or cellars it is advisable to have a backup or protection line in place for this contingency.
137
Captain Smith was training his newly assigned probationary firefighters on taxpayer operations. In which choice below did the Captain make an incorrect comment?
A) Once fire has gained headway in a taxpayer, it is difficult to prevent it from involving the entire building. It will spread with amazing rapidity from store to store, through the many vertical and horizontal arteries to all parts of the structure.
B) Ventilation at the roof and forcible entry at the street level must be coordinated to help assure prevention of a back draft and quick extinguishment of the fire.
C) If the roof requires cutting, members should wait until the last possible moment to effect the cut to avoid creating a flow path and contributing to fire extension.
D) Store windows should be removed entirely when necessary for effective interior operations.
ANSWER: C) If the roof requires cutting, members should wait until the last possible moment to effect the cut to avoid creating a flow path and contributing to fire extension. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 5.1)
* If the roof requires cutting, cut EARLY while it is still strong and fire extension is still limited.
138
The life hazard at taxpayer fires will vary with the type of occupancies found in individual buildings. Which choice below contains incorrect information?
A) The life hazard in a one story taxpayer may present a problem during the day since occupants could be trapped in the rear areas and cellars of these stores.
B) During night hours, these premises, for the most part, are unoccupied but the possibility of some workers being in the premises must not be overlooked.
C) The life hazard in two-story taxpayers can be a serious problem on the second floor. Occupancies such as restaurants, private clubs, dance halls, etc., open to large numbers of people may be found on the upper floor.
D) The second story of some taxpayers is divided into many small office or business spaces. These will normally contain occupants familiar with the building and any means of egress.
ANSWER: D) The second story of some taxpayers is divided into many small office or business spaces. These will normally contain occupants familiar with the building and any means of egress. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 4.1.2)
* The second story of some taxpayers is divided into many small office or business spaces. These will contain working occupants and transient occupants. The latter (transient occupants) will be unfamiliar with the means of egress.
Note: Security measures may also be a factor effecting means of egress.
139
At taxpayer fires, when dealing with overhead type doors that depend on spring tension to counter balance their weight, certain precautions should be followed. Which choice below is not in accordance with Department policy?
A) Avoid standing in the door path.
B) Secure the door from rolling by clamping vise grip pliers in the track under the roller, or place a ladder as a stop.
C) Check the integrity of the overhead track as soon as conditions permit.
D) It is good practice to attempt to force open large overhead doors; specifically those that have lost spring tension.
ANSWER: D) It is good practice to attempt to force open large overhead doors; specifically those that have lost spring tension. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 3.11.4 B)
* Attempting to force large overhead doors that have lost spring tension will require lifting dead weight and normally may be futile. When the door can be opened electrically it should be serviced immediately.
* Note: Treat every open overhead door for what it is - a heavy overhead hazard (like air conditioners, machinery trucks, etc)
140
What is the correct action for the 2nd arriving Roof FF to take when operating at a store fire in a 1-story taxpayer?
A) Climb the first portable ladder to the roof. Take the halligan and halligan hook to the roof and assist in ventilation.
B) Raise a 2nd portable ladder to the roof. Take the saw to the roof and assist in ventilation.
C) Team up with the second arriving OV FF for rear VEIS.
D) Report to the roof using an aerial ladder, equipped with a LSR and halligan hook.
ANSWER: B) Raise a 2nd portable ladder to the roof. Take the saw to the roof and assist in ventilation.
(Taxpayer 8.3.3 B2a)
141
Fighting a fire in a taxpayer with open web steel joists is a great concern to operating members. Which of the following choices regarding this type of construction is incorrect?
A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have very little fire resistance rating. Fire rating depends upon the the spacing and thickness of the joists.
B) Open web steel joists come in standardized lengths, depths and carrying capacities. They are used to span long distances up to 60 feet.
C) Open web steel joists may be covered with various roof decks: solid wood; steel deck; cementitious roof plank, precast concrete or gypsum plank; gypsum concrete poured over form boards and steel wire mesh; usually 2" minimum thickness.
D) Unprotected open web steel joists are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of a fire and may collapse after only 5 or 10 minutes.
ANSWER: A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have very little fire resistance rating. Fire rating depends upon the the spacing and thickness of the joists. (INCORRECT)
(Txpyr 3.3.3 A-D)
* Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have NO fire resistance rating. Fire rating depends upon the CEILING FINISH and FINISH ROOFING.
142
A close eye should be kept on the condition of exterior walls during an advanced fire in a taxpayer. Of the following choices, which contains incorrect information?
A) Exterior bearing walls are constructed of brick, stone, concrete block and mortar. In some cases brick walls are only two courses wide in taxpayers.
B) Differential thermal expansion may cause a wall to bulge. Additionally, stone or block may spall due to heat or subsequent stream application, thus reducing the effective load bearing area of the wall.
C) The stability of masonry walls is very much dependent on the integrity of the roof. The roof acts as a monolithic brace which ties the walls together.
D) Brick walls usually hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat. Concrete block walls will crumble or break as they fall, and large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground.
ANSWER: D) Brick walls usually hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat. Concrete block walls will crumble or break as they fall, and large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground. (INCORRECT)
(Txpyr 3.4.1, 3.4.2)
* CONCRETE BLOCK WALLS sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat.
* BRICK WALLS usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground.
143
In which type of taxpayer can decorative metal cornices, which may be found on the front of some buildings, be removed to provide access to the cockloft area?
A) The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920's.
B) The most prevalent type built from the 1920's into the 1960's.
C) The newer type construction built since the 1960's.
D) All taxpayers, regardless of when they were constructed.
ANSWER: A) The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920's.
(Taxpayer 2.3)
144
When there is a fire on the first floor of a two-story taxpayer, operations will be similar to those for one-story taxpayers, with added emphasis on certain tactics. Which tactic below would be considered incorrect for this fire scenario?
A) Life hazard may be great on the second floor with possible panic conditions. Completely ladder the second floor; utilize portable ladders.
B) Preventing the spread of fire to the upper floor and cockloft will require the proper placement of many hoselines.
C) A large hall on the second floor may mean roof girders and a deep cockloft.
D) If the fire originated in the cellar, it may require first flooding the first floor before attempting to stretch hose lines for an initial attack.
ANSWER: D) If the fire originated in the cellar, it may require first flooding the first floor before attempting to stretch hose lines for an initial attack. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 9.1)
* If the fire originated in the cellar it may require flooding of the first floor as a LAST RESORT.
Other tactics include:
- Life hazard on the second floor may require extensive search procedures.
- Use streams to protect occupants where necessary.
- Retain command of the 1st floor to save the 2nd floor.
- Vigorous action is required to prevent fire from extending to the second floor and the cockloft.
- Ventilation holes cut on upper floors can provide venting for areas below and facilitate other operations.
- Extension in ducts/shafts may be serious problems.
- Examine for fire extension in walls, shafts, ducts, etc.
- The possibility of a large open stairway must not be overlooked if the occupancy on the second floor is a dance hall, meeting hall, etc.
145
A fire originating on the second floor of a two-story taxpayer may be treated as a fire originating on the first floor of a one-story taxpayer. Added emphasis must be given to each of the following, except which incorrect choice?
A) The need for an aerial ladder to the roof for ventilation. The forcible entry team should use the stairway to the second floor.
B) In a second floor occupancy with large unobstructed areas, such as a dance hall or meeting hall, the ceiling beams span greater distances, the cocklofts may be deeper and the ceilings may be higher. This will require using proper size hooks, ten foot or longer, more time and work and additional staffing to open these ceilings.
C) If the second floor is divided into multi-occupancy use, the penetration of heavy caliber streams will be limited due to partitions subdividing the floor area.
D) The probability of a fire extending into the cockloft is not as severe due to the height of the ceilings.
ANSWER: D) The probability of a fire extending into the cockloft is not as severe due to the height of the ceilings. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 9.2)
* The probability of a fire extending into the cockloft is GREATER.
Other considerations include:
- Remote stairs and rear fire escapes must be looked for.
- The advancement of ladder company personnel should be coordinated with engine company personnel to expedite the locating, confining and extinguishment of the fire.
- Areas below the fire must be examined for any fire dropping down.
146
Cellar fires in taxpayers can be debilitating and arduous operations. Which of the following line placements described below is correct at a fire in the cellar of a taxpayer?
A) The first line may be stretched into the occupancy above the fire to prevent vertical extension or to the cellar via an exterior entrance.
B) The second line must always be stretched to the interior of the first floor.
C) A second line must be stretched to feed the sprinkler system before stretching a second line to back-up the first engine company’s line.
D) If stretched to the cellar, the second line must always be advanced via the outside entrance to the cellar.
ANSWER: C) A second line must be stretched to feed the sprinkler system before stretching a second line to back-up the first engine company’s line.
(Taxpayers 7.2.3)
A - The first line may be stretched into the occupancy above the fire to prevent vertical extension.
B - Second line may be used for:
1. To control the first floor if the first engine company has advanced into the cellar via the interior cellar entrance.
2. Serve as a backup or protection line for the first engine company.
3. Stretch into the cellar via the interior stairs or the outside entrance if the first unit's line has to control the first floor.
4. To employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
D - See #3 above.
NOTE C: In a building protected by a sprinkler system, when first engine has not supplied it and staffing and conditions permit, a second line shall be stretched to feed this system. AFTER SUPPLYING THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM, when staffing and conditions permit, stretch a line to backup first engine.
**FEEDING SPRINKLER TAKES PRIORITY OVER BACKUP LINE**
147
There is a heavy fire condition in a row of attached stores in a 2-story taxpayer. The required ladder companies will arrive at the scene. Which ladder placement was INCORRECT according to ladder company bulletins?
A) Added emphasis was placed on positioning the aerial ladder for roof access.
B) The initial tower ladder positioning goal was the ability to operate at street level and protect exposures.
C) During overhaul operations, the middle bucket railing was positioned just below the work area.
D) Portable ladders were raised to completely ladder the 2nd floor of the fire building
ANSWER: C) During overhaul operations, the middle bucket railing was positioned just below the work area. (INCORRECT)
(CROSS REFERENCE – TXPR – TL CH 3 3.7)
* The TOP basket railing is positioned just below the work area TL CH 3 3.7
A – TXPR 9.2.1
B – TL CH 2 2.1.5
D – TXPR 9.1.2
148
Which choice below is not in accordance with Department policy regarding safety at Taxpayer fires?
A) Advance in cellar fires cautiously; a search rope may be needed by Engine and Ladder company personnel. Large areas under many occupancies are subdivided and this creates a maze of storage rooms and corridors.
B) Advance carefully with hoselines as large, open areas allow the fire to move around the sides of, over, and behind the fire forces. Officers and members are to be constantly aware of conditions at the sides and rear until the fire is under control.
C) Flooring in these occupancies is thin and cellar fires may burn through the first floor. Openings found that may cause injury should be covered and their presence communicated to all members operating.
D) Plate glass in store windows and doors must be broken carefully and thoroughly trimmed to prevent serious injury. Eye shields must be up when breaking or trimming glass.
ANSWER: D) Plate glass in store windows and doors must be broken carefully and thoroughly trimmed to prevent serious injury. Eye shields must be up when breaking or trimming glass. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 10.1.3-10.1.5, 10.2.6)
* Plate glass in store windows and doors must be broken carefully and thoroughly trimmed to prevent serious injury. Eye shields MUST be DOWN when breaking or trimming glass.
149
Ladder company positioning is very important at taxpayer fires. Which choice below is not in accordance with Department policy?
A) Generally, the primary position of the 1st arriving tower ladder is in front of the fire building/occupancy.
B) If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by a tower ladder, then place the additional tower ladder directly next to the first.
C) Tower ladders should be positioned so that the fire can be cut off and driven back to the point of origin.
D) When the apparatus is a rearmount aerial ladder, place it away from the immediate fire building/occupancy in order to leave the area accessible for a tower ladder.
ANSWER: B) If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by a tower ladder, then place the additional tower ladder directly next to the first. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.3.3 4a)
* If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by tower ladder(s), then place the additional tower ladder(s) to cover the OTHER STREET FRONT.
150
As a Ladder Company Chauffeur of a Tower Ladder at a cellar fire in a taxpayer, each of the following tactics would be considered correct except?
A) Generally, the primary position of the 1st arriving tower ladder is in front of the fire building/occupancy.
B) If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by tower ladder(s), then place the additional tower ladder(s) a distance away from the fire building to allow for proper Engine Company positioning.
C) If the apparatus is a rearmount aerial ladder, place it away from the immediate fire building/occupancy in order to leave the area accessible for a tower ladder.
D) Tower ladders should be positioned so that the fire can be cut off and driven back to the point of origin.
ANSWER: B) If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by tower ladder(s), then place the additional tower ladder(s) a distance away from the fire building to allow for proper Engine Company positioning. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.2.2 A4)
* If the taxpayer faces on two streets and the front of the building is covered by tower ladder(s), then place the additional tower ladder(s) TO COVER THE OTHER STREET FRONT.
151
At a taxpayer fire, the practicality of trenching will depend on each of the following factors except?
A) Volume of fire - it may be no longer possible to get ahead of the fire.
B) Ceilings - height and type. Due to inaccessibility and extensive lighting systems, it may be necessary to attack the fire from above.
C) Roof size - a long trench may take too much time.
D) Skylights - these may hinder an effective trench.
ANSWER: D) Skylights - these may hinder an effective trench. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.3.2 - D)
Acronym: VCR
V - Volume of fire
C - Ceilings
R - Roof size
152
Two members discussing Taxpayer operations identified an incorrect statement made by the covering Lieutenant. Indicate the incorrect statement.
A) Most taxpayer fires originate in the cellar; most often where the utilities are located.
B) All areas must be searched for removal of the occupants with particular attention given to the rear and main selling areas. The cellar, rear or mezzanine areas may contain accommodations for the employees of the store to rest.
C) Units equipped with smoke ejectors shall consider their use where conditions warrant. Ejectors can be of particular value in venting below grade areas where heavier than air gases can accumulate.
D) Portable lights shall be used where operations will be facilitated. They should not be thought of as just an overhauling tool.
ANSWER: A) Most taxpayer fires originate in the cellar; most often where the utilities are located. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 8.3.1 A, B, 8.4.5, 8.4.6)
* Most taxpayer fires originate in the STORE OCCUPANCY at STREET LEVEL. The occupancy usually consists of a sales area, a storage area and a utility area. Fires in these premises generally originate in the STORAGE or UTILITY AREA, which in most occupancies are in the REARMOST portion of the building.
153
Members must operate with due diligence when it comes to operations at taxpayer fires. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) When operating on thin, flimsy roofs, members should be aware of sudden failure possibilities. Operations over a fire near heavy equipment, roof signs, etc. should be accomplished with extreme caution and communicating the types of equipment found and condition of supports in relation to the fire, is a must.
B) Roof areas at taxpayer fires often have much better visibility than other areas. Quick maneuvering by members operating there should be common practice in order to adequately vent the fire area.
C) All members at the scene should be aware of backdraft, flashover and collapse indications that are visible or indicated from any area. Communication is key as a single point of information communicated to the officer in charge may give the indication of imminent collapse when it is combined with previous feedback.
D) Visibility on the sidewalk and store front areas at these fires varies throughout the progress of the fire. Move cautiously when visibility is poor; take note of surroundings when visibility increases momentarily.
ANSWER: B) Roof areas at taxpayer fires often have much better visibility than other areas. Quick maneuvering by members operating there should be common practice in order to adequately vent the fire area. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 10.2.1 - 10.2.5)
* Roof areas at taxpayer fires often have very POOR visibility. SLOW maneuvering by member operating there, as well as probing ahead with tools, should be common practice.
Note: In addition, keep in mind your escape route from roof areas. As conditions and the area of operation change, members should adjust their escape route.
154
First alarm units arrive on scene for a heavy fire in the cellar of taxpayer. Ladder companies have gained access to the store after cutting the roll down gates. There are interior stairs to the cellar and there is also an exterior entrance to the cellar in the front. Which line placement mentioned below is correct at this fire?
A) The first hoseline was stretched via an exterior entrance to the cellar.
B) The second hoseline must backup the first hoseline in the cellar.
C) Due to the fire conditions, the first line remained on the first floor to prevent vertical extension.
D) If the first hoseline has control of the first floor, the second hoseline must be stretched to the cellar via the exterior entrance.
ANSWER: C) Due to the fire conditions, the first line remained on the first floor to prevent vertical extension.
(Taxpayers 7.2.2 D and F 7.2.3)
First Line:
When there is an interior stair to the cellar, especially if it’s an open stair, and conditions permit, the first line must be stretched to this point. When the line can advance down the cellar stairs it should do so. A second hoseline must be stretched to THE TOP OF THE INTERIOR STAIRS TO PROTECT THE MEMBERS IN THE CELLAR AND PREVENT UPWARD EXTENSION OF FIRE.
Second Line:
1. To control the first floor if the first engine company has advanced into the cellar via the interior cellar entrance.
2. Serve as a backup line or protection line for the first engine company.
3. Stretched into the cellar via THE INTERIOR STAIRS OR THE OUTSIDE ENTRANCE if the first unit’s line has control of the first floor.
4. To employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
155
Generally, the only auxiliary fire protection that may be found in taxpayers will be automatic sprinkler systems where they are required by the Code. In some cases due to variances, sprinklers may only be found in the cellar areas. According to the 1968 building code, at a minimum, sprinkler protection is required in areas exceeding?
A) 10,000 square feet
B) 7,500 square feet
C) 12,000 square feet
D) 24,000 square feet
ANSWER: B) 7,500 square feet
(Taxpayer 2.5.1)
"10-75"
Over 10,000 sq ft 1938 code
Over 7,500 sq ft 1968 code
156
Knowledgeable of the characteristics and hazards of bowstring truss roofs are essential to the safety of members when battling a fire in a taxpayer. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) These structures have a characteristic hump-like roof profile where the roof appears to rise up from below the parapet wall to tower above it. The longer the span, the higher the bow.
B) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss, and this in turn may pull down a number of trusses in a domino effect which will cause the entire roof, or a large portion, to collapse. Failure, however, will only occur in the later stages of a fire.
C) One common bowstring truss design flaw involves snow loads. Early building codes assumed snow accumulations of uniformed depth; in reality, however, snow that drifts due to the wind can be significantly deeper in one area, particularly behind raised parapet walls. This eccentric(off-center), unbalanced, concentrated load can create an overload on the trusses.
D) Bowstring truss roof overload can occur due to later additions of loads that were not considered in the original design, such as accumulation of roofing material, heavier ceiling finishes, new mechanical equipment installations and conversion of the truss space into mezzanines, storage areas, office space, etc.
ANSWER: B) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss, and this in turn may pull down a number of trusses in a domino effect which will cause the entire roof, or a large portion, to collapse. Failure, however, will only occur in the later stages of a fire.
(Taxpayer 3.3.3 A, C, D, F, H)
* Failure CAN occur in the EARLY STAGES of the fire.
A Note: This easily recognized silhouette, if not obscured by signs, built up parapets or smoke conditions, gives notice of truss construction. Other types of truss construction are not as easily discerned from the exterior of the building.
157
There are many potential causes of collapse at a taxpayer fire. Which one is listed incorrectly?
A) The presence of water-absorbent materials such as rags, paper, clothing, etc. which increase floor loads when wet and which may push out walls by expansion from the absorbed water.
B) A static load, which has a much greater effect than the same weight carried as an impact load.
C) Vibration or movement in or near a weakened building.
D) Water, ice or snow loads on the roof.
ANSWER: B) A static load, which has a much greater effect than the same weight carried as an impact load. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 4.2.4 E-H)
* An IMPACT LOAD, which has a MUCH GREATER effect than the same weight carried as a STATIC (STATIONARY) LOAD.
158
At a taxpayer fire, what duty of the second arriving Engine is listed incorrectly?
A) Ensure the sprinkler system is supplied.
B) Stretch a line to control the first floor if the first Engine company has advanced into the cellar via the interior cellar entrance.
C) Stretch a line to serve as a backup or protection line for the first Engine company.
D) Stretch a line into the cellar via the interior stairs or the outside entrance if the first Engine‘s line has to control the first floor.
ANSWER: A) Ensure the sprinkler system is supplied. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 7.2.3 B)
* In a building protected by a sprinkler system, when the first Engine has not supplied it AND STAFFING AND CONDITIONS PERMIT, a second line shall be stretched to feed this system.
Note: Be advised that the THIRD Engine will ENSURE the sprinkler system is supplied.
The 2nd arriving Engine May also employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
159
A “Taxpayer” is improperly defined in which choice below?
A) The term "Taxpayer" is not defined or recognized in the building code; the term originally referred to the practice of real estate investors who, while holding land for speculation, resorted to minimal investment in construction to produce income to offset the cost of taxes. These structures were usually of cheap and flimsy construction with little or no fire retarding features.
B) A taxpayer building is commonly taken to mean a business structure one or two stories in height of Class 3 construction (exterior firewalls with wooden interior structural members).
C) Taxpayer areas vary from 20' x 50' to areas of whole city blocks, the most common size being approximately 100' x 100'. They can be built on one or more lots with adjoining structures of greater heights on three sides.
D) Taxpayers are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 15 different businesses with reliant, fire resistive partitions and multiple fire stops in the cocklofts.
ANSWER: D) Taxpayers are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 15 different businesses with reliant, fire resistive partitions and multiple fire stops in the cocklofts. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 2.1, 2.2)
* Taxpayers are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 15 different businesses with WEAK, NON-FIRE RESISTIVE PARTITIONS and NO FIRE STOPS in the cocklofts.
160
Which tactic for a cockloft fire in a taxpayer is listed incorrectly?
A) Ceilings shall be pulled in occupancies to expose fire and define the extent of the same. The Incident Commander shall order a handline with a cockloft nozzle into the interior to knock down the fire in the cockloft.
B) Operate from the roof with cellar pipes, distributors or New York bent tips. Protective lines should be stretched to protect members operating these appliances.
C) Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This is good practice and the primary purpose of roof lines.
D) As a last resort, personnel shall be withdrawn and the use of tower ladder, multiversal and deckpipe streams resorted to.
ANSWER: C) Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This is good practice and the primary purpose of roof lines. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayer 7.3.3)
* Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This GENERALLY is NOT A GOOD PRACTICE but in SOME CASES may be the ONLY way of hitting the fire and controlling it. Before lines are operated into the roof all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. The PRIMARY PURPOSE of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures.
* Also.....On older type taxpayers there may be vents or store signs attached to the front of the building covering openings into the cockloft. Streams can be operated into these openings to effect extinguishment.
161
Ventilation at taxpayer buildings is a critical function which, when carried out correctly can reduce the possibility of a backdraft and determine whether the operation ends in success. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding ventilation during operations in these buildings?
A) Simultaneous forcible entry in conjunction with roof vent may reduce the chance of a backdraft.
B) An alternative to roof venting although not as effective is the use of a hose stream. The hose line should be immediately discharged into the fire area when the fire area is opened up.
C: A room or the fire area requires only 10% of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possible explode.
D: One of the most effective methods of protecting firefighters from the effects of a backdraft is to provide horizontal ventilation of the fire area.
ANSWER: B) An alternative to roof venting although not as effective is the use of a hose stream. The hose line should be immediately discharged into the fire area when the fire area is opened up.
(TAXPAYERS - 4.4.1N)
A - Roof vent should be accomplished PRIOR to horizontal venting (4.4.1L)
C - 25% (4.4.1F)
D - VERTICAL ventilation. The proper procedure is to open the roof directly above the fire. (4.4.1K)
162
Following a rash of taxpayer fires where the units exercised questionable line placement, the Division decided to put out a memo detailing some of the operations. Which scenario demonstrates CORRECT line placement at a fire in a taxpayer?
A) At a medium fire condition in a row of stores, the 1st due engine stretched 1¾ hose as the first line into the original fire building.
B) At a medium fire condition in the cellar of a store with an open interior stair where there was an outside entrance and conditions permitted, the 1st due engine advanced the first handline down the interior stairs.
C) At a heavy fire condition in the cellar of a taxpayer, the 2nd due engine ensured the sprinkler system was supplied.
D) At a heavy fire condition in a row of stores where fire had control of the cockloft and exposure protection was critical, the 2nd due engine immediately stretched a second line into another occupancy.
ANSWER: B) At a medium fire condition in the cellar of a store with an open interior stair where there was an outside entrance and conditions permitted, the 1st due engine advanced the first handline down the interior stairs.
(TAXPAYERS – 7.2.2D and F)
A – When HEAVY or MEDIUM fire conditions are encountered, the initial lines should be 2 ½ inch.
C – The THIRD (3rd) due engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied
D – When fire has control of the cockloft, and the need for exposure protection is critical, ASSIST FIRST ENGINE WITH INITIAL LINE. When staffing and conditions permit, stretch a line into another seriously exposed building/occupancy and operate into the cockloft to confine and extinguish the fire.
163
Taxpayer fires can be some of the most challenging fires our members face, and proper line placement is critical to successful operations. Which of the following line placements described below is correct?
A) At a cellar fire the first hand line is stretched to the cellar via an exterior entrance.
B) At a store fire the first two hand lines are stretched to the involved store.
C) At a cockloft fire, the first hand line must be stretched into the store under the main body of fire.
D) At a cockloft fire, the second line must backup the first hand line.
ANSWER: B) At a store fire the first two hand lines are stretched to the involved store.
(Taxpayer 7.2.3, 7.3.5)
A - At a cellar fire the first hand line is stretched INTO THE OCCUPANCY ABOVE THE FIRE TO PREVENT VERTICAL EXTENSION.
C - At a cockloft fire the first line is stretched INTO THE MOST SERIOUSLY EXPOSED OCCUPANCY/BUILDING, DEPENDING ON THE LIFE HAZARD AND THE LOCATION AND SEVERITY OF THE FIRE.
WHEN EXPOSURES ARE NOT AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM, THEN THE FIRST LINE SHOULD BE STRETCHED INTO THE STORE UNDER THE MAIN BODY OF FIRE AND OPERATED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE.
D - At a cockloft fire, the second line, WHEN STAFFING AND CONDITIONS PERMIT, IS STRETCHED INTO ANOTHER SERIOUSLY BUILDING/OCCUPANCY AND OPERATE INTO THE COCKLOFT TO CONFINE AND EXTINGUISH THE FIRE.
164
You are on scene of a rapidly expanding Taxpayer fire. The 1st arriving Chief officer ordered you to the roof to supervise operations since more than one saw is in operation. While on the roof, you radio to the Chief that trenching operations are necessary in order to save the building. Which trenching procedure is incorrectly stated?
A) The width of the trench should be maximum of 3 feet
B) In addition to trenching, ventilation holes are still made
C) The Roof Sector Supervisor can start a trench cut where he/she sees the necessity for it, however; immediate notification to the IC of the operation is mandatory
D) When using skylights as an effective trenching boundary, the returns are to be left in place
ANSWER: A) The width of the trench should be maximum of 3 feet (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.6.2)
* Width of the trench should be at LEAST 3 FEET WIDE
165
With the summer in full swing, the Borough you are working is in Fallback step 3 making units scarce in your area. With you as the initial IC for an advance Taxpayer fire on arrival, you are to ensure all of the following except?
A) When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, transmit the 2nd alarm
B) If a Tower Ladder is not assigned on the initial response, and its use is anticipated, special call one
C) A minimum of two portable ladders shall be placed on the front of the building
D) If the Taxpayer has a Fire Command Station, the battalion chief will set up the Incident Command Post at this location
ANSWER: A) When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, transmit the 2nd alarm (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers p-37 and 39)
* When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, special call an extra engine and ladder.
* Transmit a 2nd alarm for extension to the cockloft, adjoining occupancy, or for an advanced fire in the cellar
166
The FF/Unit that carried out their duties incorrectly during a Taxpayer fire can be found in which choice?
A) First arriving Ladder Company is responsible for shutting the utilities during a cellar, store, and cockloft fire
B) For a cellar fire, the 1st and 2nd due Ladder Chauffeurs joined their forcible entry teams, if not directed otherwise
C) For a store fire, the 1st arriving Ladder Chauffeur joined the forcible entry team. If fire extends to the cockloft, he proceeds to the roof to assist the Roof FF
D) For a store or cockloft fire, the ventilation of the store at the front show window shall be communicated and coordinated with the Ladder Company officer operating in the fire area
ANSWER:
(Taxpayers 8.3.1 E)
* Ventilation of the store at the front by the removal of show window shall be done if ordered by the INCIDENT COMMANDER
Cellar fires - After communicating and coordinating with 1st Ladder Company , ventilate the store as necessary. Take out the store windows if required.
167
The topic on the agenda during the annual Captain's meeting was tactics/positions at Taxpayer fires. Choose the incorrect tactic/position.
A) Before lines are operated into the roof, all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. It must be remembered that the primary purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures
B) For store and cockloft fires, only the IC can order the removal of the show windows
C) For cellar, store, and cockloft fires, the 3rd arriving Engine Company will ensure the sprinkler system is supplied if equipped
D) During a content only fire, members can operate on a roof of a Taxpayer built with a metal bowstring truss design after an evaluation by a chief officer
ANSWER: D) During a content only fire, members can operate on a roof of a Taxpayer built with a metal bowstring truss design after an evaluation by a chief officer. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.5.25)
* Under NO circumstances shall any member operate on the roof of any building involved in a content or structural fire with a wooden, metal or combination bowstring truss design.
168
A Company Officer was discussing tool assignments at a 1st floor fire in a taxpayer. In which choice below was he correct?
A) 1st Ladder OV—6’ Hook, Halligan
B) 1st Ladder Roof—Portable Ladder, 6’ Hook, Saw
C) 2nd Ladder OV—Axe, Halligan
D) 2nd Ladder Roof—Portable Ladder, 6’ Hook, Saw
ANSWER: B) 1st Ladder Roof—Portable Ladder, 6’ Hook, Saw
(Taxpayers—8.2.2 A2, 8.2.2 B2, 8.4 B, C)
A - 1st OV (Maul and Halligan required)
C - 2nd OV (Team up with 1st OV / Maul and Halligan) (Can proceed to roof or other position if directed)
D - 2nd Roof (Saw and AXE OR IRON)
169
Which roof cutting operation is most correct?
A) The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on a Taxpayer roof calls for one saw and two members
B) The recommended hole to cut on a roof of a Taxpayer is Eight feet by Eight feet
C) The width of a Trench cut should be at least two feet wide
D) When making the traditional 3X6 roof hole on a Tenement type building, the knock-out cut is the third cut made
ANSWER: B) The recommended hole to cut on a roof of a Taxpayer is Eight feet by Eight feet.
A - The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on a Taxpayer roof calls for TWO saws and FOUR members.....Also, A Roof Sector Supervisor must supervisor roof operations when more than one power saw is working on the roof. (Taxpayers sec 5.4.12)
B - Taxpayers 5.5.16
C - The width of a Trench cut should be at least THREE feet wide. (Taxpayers 5.6.1)
D - 2nd cut made. (Training Bulletins Tools 9 sec 6.1.10)
170
Which Engine Company tactic would be considered incorrect when units are faced with fire in a one-story taxpayer where fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical?
A) The first Engine Company should position the engine to utilize the deckpipe.
B) The first Engine Company should stretch a handline into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on the life hazard and the location and severity of the fire.
C) When staffing and conditions permit, the second Engine Company should stretch a line into another seriously exposed building/occupancy and operate into the cockloft to confine and extinguish the fire. It may be advisable to skip stores in order to confine a cockloft fire.
D) The second Engine Company should ensure the sprinkler system is supplied and stretch a line and operate as ordered by the Incident Commander.
ANSWER: D) The second Engine Company should ensure the sprinkler system is supplied and stretch a line and operate as ordered by the Incident Commander.
(Txpyr 7.3.5 B)
* The THIRD Engine Company should ensure the sprinkler system is supplied and stretch a line and operate as ordered by the Incident Commander.
A Note: In-line pumping will give good positioning and allow room for placement of a tower ladder.
B Note: When exposures are not an immediate problem, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire.
C Note: When fire has control of the cockloft, and the need for exposure protection is critical, assist the first Engine with the initial line.
171
The incorrect position/tactic when operating at a Taxpayer can be found in which choice?
A) When operating at a cellar, store, or cockloft fire, the 3rd arriving engine shall ensure the sprinkler system is supplied if equipped
B) 1st arriving Ladder shall shut utilities
C) Truck companies, other than first or second arriving on the initial alarm, should report in with their 10 and 12 foot hooks besides their normal tool complement
D) When a fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire
ANSWER: D) When a fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers pg 47)
* When a fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, then the first line should be stretched into the MOST SERIOUSLY EXPOSED OCCUPANCY/BUILDING depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire
* If exposures are NOT an immediate problem, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguished the fire.
172
The incorrect Engine operation for Taxpayer fires can be found in which choice?
A) For cellar, store, and cockloft fires, the 2nd arriving engine is to ensure the sprinkler system is supplied if equipped
B) For store fires, the first two handlines should be stretched to the store involved
C) When the fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, stretch a handline into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire
D) When fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, the second arriving engine shall assist the first engine with initial line. When staffing and conditions permit, stretch a line into another seriously exposed building/occupancy and operate into the cockloft to confine and extinguish the fire. It may be advisable to skip stores in order to confine a cockloft fire
ANSWER: A) For cellar, store, and cockloft fires, the 2nd arriving engine is to ensure the sprinkler system is supplied if equipped. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 7.2.3)
* THIRD (3rd) arriving Engine.
B - Additional lines should be stretched to the adjoining stores.
173
It is important that sprinkler systems are supplied by Department units during fire operations. Which choice below is not reflective of Department policy?
A) Taxpayer Cellar Fire - 3rd Engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied
B) Taxpayer Store Fire - 3rd Engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied
C) Cast-iron/Mill loft cellar fire - 3rd Engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied
D) Cast-iron/Mill loft lower floor fire - 3rd Engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied
ANSWER: C) Cast-iron/Mill loft cellar fire - 3rd Engine ensures the sprinkler is supplied. (INCORRECT)
(Loft 6.2.1 B, C, 6.2.2 C2)
(Txpyr 6.2.3 C, 7.3.5 A)
* For cellar/sub-cellar fires in cast-iron/mill lofts, it ultimately falls on the 2nd Engine to supply the sprinkler.
“The second engine company shall assist the first engine with initial hoseline. In a building protected by a sprinkler system servicing the fire area, if first engine has not supplied it, a supply line shall be stretched to feed this system.”
For all other fires in Lofts and Taxpayers, the 3rd Engine “ensures” the sprinkler is supplied.
174
The incorrect Engine operation, for a fire in the cellar of a 100x100 Taxpayer, can be found in which choice?
A) When there is an interior stair to the cellar, especially if it is an open stair, and conditions permit, the first line must be stretched to this point to prevent the spread of fire and to permit operations on the first floor
B) The flooring should be checked for heat conditions in the cellar, as the line is advanced to the stairs. The door to the cellar must also be checked for heat before it is opened
C) The first line shall, in all circumstances, remain at the top of the stairs to prevent the upward extension of the fire while the second line shall enter the cellar via an exterior entrance
D) A position at the top or center of the stair will be very punishing, whereas in the cellar, close to the floor, conditions may be very favorable for operations
ANSWER: C) The first line shall, in all circumstances, remain at the top of the stairs to prevent the upward extension of the fire while the second line shall enter the cellar via an exterior entrance. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers sec 7.2.2)
* When the first line can advance down the cellar stairs it should do so. A second line must be stretched to the top of the stairs to protect the members in the cellar and prevent the upward extension of the fire
175
# Choose the most correct tactic when operating at a Taxpayer fire
A) Roof FF operated on a bowstring roof since it was only a content fire and not a structural fire
B) A minimum of one portable ladder shall be placed on the front of the building
C) When necessary, the basket of the TL can be positioned 4-5 feet above the street level and the TL stream can be directed into the store(s)
D) During business hours involving cockloft and store fires, hoselines shall not be stretched through front door, instead hoselines shall be stretched through store front windows leaving the exit doors free for people to use
ANSWER: D) During business hours involving cockloft and store fires, hoselines shall not be stretched through front door, instead hoselines shall be stretched through store front windows leaving the exit doors free for people to use.
(Taxpayers 7.3.1.A)
A - Under NO circumstances shall any member operate on the roof of any building involved in a content fire or structural fire with a wooden, metal, or combination bowstring truss design.
B - A minimum of TWO portable ladders shall be placed on the front of the building.
C - 1-2 feet
176
Units arrive on scene of a taxpayer fire in the middle store of a row a five stores. The fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical. The original fire building is an unoccupied Nail Salon. Fire is extending rapidly to exposure 02, an unoccupied Barber Shop. Fire is also extending, although not as rapidly, to exposure 04, an occupied Deli. Exposures 02A and 04A are both unoccupied. Which of the following line placements at this fire is correct?
A) The first line was stretched into the Nail Salon to control the main body of fire.
B) The second line is stretched into the Deli.
C) The first line is stretched into the Deli.
D) The first two lines must be stretched into the Nail Salon.
ANSWER: C) The first line is stretched into the Deli.
(Taxpayer 7.3.5B)
* First line is stretched into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on the LIFE HAZARD AND THE LOCATION AND SEVERITY OF THE FIRE.
* *THE OCCUPIED DELI IN THIS SCENARIO**
* WHEN EXPOSURES ARE NOT AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM, THEN THE FIRST LINE SHOULD BE STRETCHED INTO THE STORE UNDER THE MAIN BODY OF FIRE AND OPERATED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE.
* The SECOND LINE is stretched into ANOTHER SERIOUSLY EXPOSED BUILDING/OCCUPANCY AND OPERATE INTO THE COCKLOFT TO CONFINE AND EXTINGUISH THE FIRE. IT MAY BE ADVISABLE TO SKIP STORES IN ORDER TO CONFINE A COCKLOFT FIRE.
177
The incorrect procedure when operating on a roof of a Taxpayer during a Cockloft fire can be found in which choice?
A) When operating on a roof of a Taxpayer, cellar pipes distributors, or New York bent tips can be used.
B) If operating on a roof with an appliance, protective lines should be stretched to protect members operating
C) Hoselines stretched to roof may be operated directly into roof openings if its the only way of hitting the fire
D) Tool assignment for the 1st arriving Roof FF include a Halligan and Halligan Hook
ANSWER: D) Tool assignment for the 1st arriving Roof FF include a Halligan and Halligan Hook. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers p- 46, 58, 56, 59)
* 1st and 2nd arriving Roof FFs both take saws to the roof ...............When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a hook must also be taken. Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an axe or iron with the saw if available
Note C - REMEMBER, before lines are operated into the roof, all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. It must be remembered that the primary purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures
178
You are on scene of a 100x100 CL3 Taxpayer fire containing 7 stores. The cellar of this Taxpayer is fully sprinklered. There is fire in several stores, which has extended to the cockloft, and now has consumed much of the cockloft on the exposure 4 side of the building. Exposure 4 is an occupied 4 sty 30x80 CL3 OLT with front and rear fire escapes. Exposure 2 is an occupied 3 sty 25X40 CL4 Queen Anne converted into a boarding house. The 1st alarm units are on scene and in position. The unit/position that operated correctly can be found in which choice?
A) The 2nd arriving Engine ensured the sprinkler system was supplied
B) The LCC of the first arriving Aerial Ladder placed the apparatus away from the immediate fire building in order to leave room for a TL and joined the inside team
C) The show windows of several stores were taken upon authorization of the 1st and 2nd arriving Ladder Company Officers
D) 1st arriving Ladder Company shut utilities
E) The 1st arriving engine stretched the first line into the Taxpayer under the main body of fire for extinguishment
ANSWER: D) 1st arriving Ladder Company shut utilities.
(Taxpayers pgs 47-57)
A - THIRD (3rd) arriving engine in cellar, store, and cockloft fire ENSURES sprinkler system is supplied.
B - Normally the LCC of the 1st arriving Aerial Ladder joins the inside team, but if fire EXTENDS TO THE COCKLOFT, then the LCC proceeds to the ROOF to assist the Roof FF.
C - Store and Cockloft fire....Remove show windows when authorized by the IC and only when a charged line is in position. Cellar fire- The store windows can be taken after communicating and coordinating with the 1st Ladder Company officer.
E - When fire has control of the cockloft and the need for exposure protection is critical, stretch the 1st handline into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire.
179
Two members discussing operations at a “store fire” in a Taxpayer agreed on a number of points in their discussion. They disagreed on which incorrect point?
A) The first hand line should be stretched to the store involved. The second hand line should be stretched to the most severe exposure.
B) A line may be required on the roof to protect personnel and exposures once the roof is opened.
C) Depending on fire conditions, extra lines can be stretched for cellar pipes and distributors, to be used in the store or stores involved.
D) Hoselines should be stretched to exposures in the rear or at the sides of the building as required.
ANSWER: A) The first hand line should be stretched to the store involved. The second hand line should be stretched to the most severe exposure. (INCORRECT)
(Txpyr 7.3.1)
* The first TWO hand lines should be stretched to the store involved. Additional lines should be stretched to the adjoining stores.
