FHR tracings

Question 1

mean FHR rounded to increments of 5 bpm during a 10 min segment, excluding periodic / episodic changes or segments that differ by more than 25 bpm

Answer 1

baseline

Question 2

baseline must be for a minimum of __ in any __ segment, or the baseline is indeterminate

Answer 2

2 minutes
10 minute

Question 3

normal FHR baseline

Answer 3

110-160 bpm

Question 4

tachycardia

Answer 4

> 160

Question 5

bradycardia

Answer 5

< 110

Question 6

fluctuations in the baseline FHR that are irregular in amplitude and frequency

Answer 6

baseline variability

Question 7

variability is visually quantitated as what?

Answer 7

the amplitude of peak-to-trough in bpm

Question 8

absent variability

Answer 8

amplitude range undetectable

Question 9

minimal variability

Answer 9

amplitude range detectable but 5 bpm or fewer

Question 10

moderate (normal) variability

Answer 10

amplitude range 6-25 bpm

Question 11

marked variability

Answer 11

amplitude range greater than 25 bpm

Question 12

a visually apparent abrupt increase in the FHR

Answer 12

acceleration

(onset to peak in less than 30 seconds)

Question 13

at 32 + weeks gestation, an acceleration has a peak of __ + above baseline, with a duration of __ + but less than __ from onset to return

Answer 13

15 bpm
15 seconds
2 minutes

Question 14

before 32 weeks gestation, an acceleration has a peak of __ + above baseline, with a duration of __ + but less than __ from onset to return

Answer 14

10 bpm
10 seconds
2 minutes

Question 15

prolonged acceleration lasts between

Answer 15

2-10 min

Question 16

if an acceleration lasts 10 min or longer, it is a __ ?

Answer 16

baseline change

Question 17

visually apparent usually symmetrical gradual decrease and return of FHR associated with a uterine contraction

Answer 17

deceleration

Question 18

a gradual FHR decrease is defined as ?

Answer 18

from the onset to the FHR nadir of 30 seconds or more

Question 19

the decrease in FHR is calculated from ?

Answer 19

the onset to the nadir of the deceleration

Question 20

the nadir of the deceleration occurs at the same time as the peak of the contraction

Answer 20

early deceleration

Question 21

for an early deceleration, in most cases, the onset / nadir / recovery of the deceleration occur?

Answer 21

coincident with the beginning / peak / ending of the contraction

Question 22

the deceleration is delayed in timing, with the nadir of the deceleration occurring after the peak of the contraction

Answer 22

late deceleration

Question 23

for a late deceleration, in most cases, the onset / nadir / recovery of the deceleration occur?

Answer 23

after the beginning / peak / ending of the contraction

Question 24

visually apparent abrupt decrease in FHR

Answer 24

variable deceleration

Question 25

an abrupt decrease is defined as from __ to __ of less than __ ?

Answer 25

the onset of the deceleration
the nadir
30 seconds

Question 26

with a variable deceleration, the decrease in FHR is __ or greater, lasting __ or greater, and less than __ in duration

Answer 26

15 beats
15 seconds
2 minutes

Question 27

when __ decelerations are a/w uterine contractions, their onset, depth, and duration commonly vary with successive uterine contractions

Answer 27

variable

Question 28

visually apparent decrease in the FHR below baseline

Answer 28

prolonged deceleration

Question 29

prolonged deceleration = decrease in FHR from baseline that is __ or more, lasting __ or more, but less than __ in duration

Answer 29

15 bpm
2 minutes
10 minutes

Question 30

if a deceleration lasts 10 min or longer, it is a __ ?

Answer 30

baseline change

Question 31

visually apparent, smooth, sine wave-like undulating pattern in FHR baseline

Answer 31

sinusoidal pattern

Question 32

sinusoidal pattern typically has a cycle frequency of __ which persists for __ or more

Answer 32

3-5 / minute
20 minutes

Question 33

EFM =

Answer 33

electronic fetal monitoring

Question 34

how often should the FHR tracing be reviewed during the first stage of labor?

Answer 34

every 30 minutes

Question 35

how often should the FHR tracing be reviewed during the second stage of labor?

Answer 35

every 15 minutes

Question 36

category I FHR tracing

4

Answer 36

1. baseline rate 110-160 bpm
2. moderate variability
3. absent late / variable decelerations
4. present or absent early decelerations / accelerations

Question 37

category II FHR tracing

Answer 37

all FHR tracings not categorized at category I or III

Question 38

category III FHR tracing

Answer 38

1. absent baseline FHR variability + recurrent late decelerations / recurrent variable decelerations / bradycardia
2. sinusoidal pattern

Question 39

what type of variable decelerations occur with less than 50% of contractions?

Answer 39

intermittent

Question 40

what type of variable decelerations occur with more than 50% of contractions?

Answer 40

recurrent

Question 41

common causes of recurrent late decelerations

Answer 41

transient or chronic uteroplacental insufficiency - maternal hypotension, uterine tachysystole, maternal hypoxia

Question 42

management of recurrent late decelerations

Answer 42

maternal lateral positioning, IV fluid bolus, maternal oxygen administration, eval for tachysystole

Question 43

for minimal FHR variability thought to be due to recent maternal opioid admin, variability often improves / returns to moderate variability within what time frame

Answer 43

1-2 hours

Question 44

how long does a fetal sleep cycle generally last

Answer 44

20 min

but can persist up to 60

Question 45

what is considered tachysystole

Answer 45

> 5 contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over 30 minutes