FIBA Individual Officiating Techniques Flashcards
Abbreviated break down the IOTs for individual review (40 cards)
2.2 DISTANCE & STATIONARY
Distance -
When refereeing the play, it is important to maintain an appropriate distance from the play, without getting too close. The referee can lose perspective, as all movements appear to look faster. Imagine yourself watching the game from the upper deck of the stand and you will see that the players’ movements look slower
2.2 DISTANCE & STATIONARY
Stationary -
Often referees that are engaged with the play are not conscious as to whether they are moving or not when the action starts. It is common sense that if we want to focus on something it is best to do so whilst stationary. These same two principles apply to refereeing
2.2 DISTANCE & STATIONARY
Distance -
If a referee has the proper distance from the play (3-6 meters):
There are four resulting benefits
a. The possibility of an emotional or reaction call decreases.
b. He can maintain a perspective as movements look slower
c. He can maintain a wide angle, which increases the possibility of seeing more players in the field of vision.
d. He is able to see the big picture (next plays to follow, control the clocks, identify where partners age)
2.2 DISTANCE & STATIONARY
Stationary-
If a referee is stationary when he is making a judgment:
There are 2 resulting benefits
a. His concentration increases
b. A correct decision is more likely due to being focused and concentrated.
2.2 DISTANCE & STATIONARY
In analysing play phases and calling the game, some basic principles are necessary to follow:
Have proper distance from the play – keeping an open angle and remaining stationary. Do not move too close to the play and narrow your field of vision.
2.3 REFEREEING THE DEFENCE
Target: To identify the primary focus when analysing a 1 on 1 play
In analysing play phases and calling the game, some basic principles are necessary to follow:
The priority of the referee in an on ball competitive match-up is to focus the attention on the illegality of the defensive player whilst keeping the offensive ball handler in your field of vision.
2.4 STAY WITH THE PLAY
Target: To understand how to increase quality control in play situations
In analysing play phases and calling the game, some basic principles are necessary to follow:
Understand when the play has ended so you can move to the next play –mentally / physically.
2.3 REFEREEING THE DEFENCE
Target: To identify the primary focus when analysing a 1 on 1 play.
The concept of refereeing the defence is one of the corner stones for accurate basketball refereeing.
Essentially, it means that the priority of the referee in an on ball competitive match-up is to focus the attention on the illegality of the defensive player whilst keeping the offensive ball handler in your field of vision.
The referee is required to get into a position that allows them to clearly see the defensive
player.
2.4 STAY WITH THE PLAY
Target: To understand how to increase quality control in play situations.
It is expected referees will “stay with the play until
the end of action” (that is keeping your eyes and attention on the play until it has ended).
Practically, referees need to implement (2) strategies:
a. mentally focusing on the defender until the play has come to its end e.g. shooter has landed, in penetration defender has landed.
b. physically do not start to move. Trail / Center stepping backwards on the shot
2.4 STAY WITH THE PLAY
Processing the play (Patient Whistle)
Before blowing their whistle referees should process the entire play from the start - through the development - until the end before making a call. This will produce more analytical decision instead of only seeing the end of the play and reacting to it (emotional decision).
2.5 POSITIONING, OPEN ANGLE (45°) AND ADJUSTMENTS
Target: To understand the impact and technique of maximising the number of the players within your field of vision at all times.
Logically, if a referee has more players in his field of vision, the chances of seeing illegal actions dramatically increase.
Analysis proves that the concept of maintaining an open angle is not necessarily well understood by referees.
A second key principle is to have both Lead (L) and Trail (T) on the edge of the play (players and ball).
2.5 POSITIONING, OPEN ANGLE (45°) AND ADJUSTMENTS
The five principles for positioning and open angle are:
a. Move to the right spot and establish the open angle
b. Anticipate (mentally one step ahead of the play) where you need to be
c. Adjust to the play to maintain the open angle (step here, step there)
d. Always move with a purpose, know where you need to go and why
e. Go where ever you need to go to be in the position to referee the play
f. If the initial position is correct – there is a less need to move, but do not be STATIC
2.6 PRE-GAME CONFERENCE AND USE OF FIBA IREF PG APP
Target: To know the topics that have to be covered during the pre-game conference.
A pre-game conference is absolutely necessary.
Nine general topics for pre-game discussion are:
- Know your areas of responsibility on the floor
- Referee the play away from the ball when it is your primary responsibility.
- With double calls, establish eye contact with your partner before proceeding with your signal.
- Give help when required on out-of-bounds situations, but only when requested to do so.
- Try to know at all times, where the ball, all the players, and the location of your partner(s).
- In fast break situations, let the nearest referee make the decision on whether or not to call the foul.
- Blow your whistle for a foul only when it has an effect on the action.
- Establish your standards early in the game.
- Try to maintain the best possible position and a wide angle of vision between the defensive and offensive players.
2.7 MAKING A CALL, DECISION MAKING AND COMMUNICATION
Target: To know how to make the call and being able to immediately communicate the decision verbally and with standard hand signals
The following 5 key points are important:
- Technique how to blow the whistle – strong short blow (“spit”) into the whistle - one time.
- Release the whistle out of the mouth after making a call.
- Indicating the relevant signals for the decision.
- Support your decision verbally “Foul blue 5, offensive foul; Travelling etc…”
- Less is more – remember less and once you indicate/state something, the power of the
message is stronger (practice the key words and how to articulate them clearly).
2.7.1. MAKING A ‘NO-CALL’
Referees are to use official signals only. Where a referee is making a decision on a play and a no call situation eventuates, referees are not to demonstrate or use other signals for the ‘no call’.
This is particularly relevant in such situations where your partner sees an illegal action on the same play due to having a different angle and actually makes a call.
2.7.2. MAKING AN OUT-OF-BOUNDS CALL
When calling out-of-bounds plays referee should always support their decision verbally i.e. saying “blue ball” at the same time as showing the direction. This will be very useful if you accidentally point in the wrong direction.
2.7.3. MAKING A FOUL CALL
It is important to communicate your decision to players and other participants clearly and quickly.
In act of shooting situations people are eager to know whether there will be free throws or not. To avoid confusion in these situations referees should communicate their decision immediately by using appropriate authorized signal.
2.7.3. MAKING A FOUL CALL (UF)
Unsportsmanlike foul – 0-1-2 technique
When calling a situation with a potential UF
action, the following protocols should be used:
- Make the decision to call something
- Indicate foul signal first (gives time to
process what criteria is used for UF) - Upgrade the signal for UF
Referees should avoid showing the UF hand
signal directly when calling a foul.
2.7.3. MAKING A FOUL CALL (3pt make)
3 point shot, foul & basket
When calling a defensive foul in the shot; the
following protocol is to be used:
- Shot is taken – 3 Point Attempt Signal
- Foul is called – switch to Regular Foul
Signal (use the same hand) - The ball goes into basket – Successful
3 Point Signal
2.8.1. REPORTING
A six item checklist for successful reporting to the scorers’ table includes:
- Walk sharply to a spot where you have visual contact with the table. Minimize distance – think where is your next position after reporting.
- Stop, both feet side by side on the floor and breathe (body balance – shoulders level)
- Rhythm (start - stop -“one - two” / start - stop-“one -two”/ start -stop-“one - two”)
- Identify: Number, nature of foul and penalty (throw-in or free throws)
- Nature of the foul must be the same as what really happened in the play
- Verbally support the reporting to the scorer’s table.
2.9 JUMP BALL / ACTIVE REFEREE (TOSSING THE BALL)
Target: To identify the different phases and correct techniques during the ball toss.
A 5 item checklist for a successful ball toss:
a. Players are tense - avoid any extra movements
b. Style of tossing the ball is irrelevant (two hands - low or high, one hand - low or high)
c. It is more important is to have one solid upward movement to toss the ball
d. Level of the ball at the start – the lower the ball is – the longer it has to travel to reach the “highest point”.
e. Speed & intensiveness of the toss (lower starting point – more intensive and faster)
f. No whistle in the mouth when administrating the toss.
2.10 JUMP BALL / NON-ACTIVE REFEREE(S)
Target: To identify the different tasks and techniques for non-administrating (passive) referees during
the ball toss.
A five item checklist for a successful coverage by non-active referee(s):
a. Call back the poor toss (too low, not straight, incorrect timing)
b. Call the violation if the ball is touched by jumpers on the way up (stealing the tap)
c. Call the violation if the non-jumpers are not staying outside the circle until ball is tapped legally by the jumper(s).
d. Controlling the game clock (10:00) and the shot clock (24’’) – ensuring they are reset where a violation is called before the ball is legally tapped.
e. Ensuring that any throw-in as a result of a violation by the jumper is placed in the new front court, close to the mid court line.
f. Checking that the alternating possession arrow is set properly after one of the teams has established the first possession of a live ball.
2.11 COVERING A SHOT (PROTECT THE SHOOTER)
Target: To have full coverage on all act of shooting situations.
The correct way to referee a shooting situation is to use a 1-2-3 technique for shooting situations. When used properly this technique provides the details for possible foul or fake call.
1-2-3 technique on shooting situations
a. Referee defense all the time.
b. Check the play in following order: 1. hands 2. body 3. feet (landing).
c. Stay with the play until shooter has returned to the floor.
d. Only then turn your attention to ball & rebounds.
2.12 THROW-IN ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL & FRONTCOURT ENDLINE)
Target: To identify the standard phases and correct administration procedure for all throw-in situations.
Nine item checklist for the general throw-in procedure as an administrating referee:
- Always designate the throw-in spot
- Use preventative officiating eg. “on the spot”, “stay” or “don’t move”
- Check the clocks
- Take and maintain distance from the play
- Put the whistle in your mouth while holding ball
- Bounce the ball to the player
- Start the visual count
- Observe the throw-in and action surrounding.
- Use the start clock signal.
