Fibres & fabrics

Question 1

What are the three groups of fibres called?

Answer 1

natural, synthetic & regenerated

Question 2

What are the two things that natural fibres can come from?

Answer 2

animals & plants

Question 3

What are the types of animal fibres?

Answer 3

wool, silk, alpaca, angora, camel hair, cashmere, mohair & vicuna

Question 4

What are the type of plant fibres?

Answer 4

cotton, jute, linen, hemp & ramie

Question 5

Name types of synthetic fibres

Answer 5

elastomeric, acrylic, polyester, nylon & tactel

Question 6

How are regenerated fibres made?

Answer 6

they are made from a combination of chemicals and cellulose waste (plant or recycled natural fibres)

Question 7

Name some regenerated fibres

Answer 7

viscose, lyocell, acetate, cupro, modal, tencel

Question 8

What is the main property of knitted fabrics?

Answer 8

They are stretchy (elastic)

Question 9

What are the properties of woven fabric?

Answer 9

they fray easily when cut,
the are strongest along the straight of the grain
Are not elastic

Question 10

How are non-woven (bonded) fabrics made?

Answer 10

using chemicals to mat the fibres together
using heat to bond the fibres together
stitching the fibre together in layers

Question 11

What are the properties of non-woven fabrics?

Answer 11

they have no grain
don’t stretch or fray easily
are not as strong or flexible as knitted or woven fabrics
are permeable

Question 12

What is a blend and why do you blend fibres?

Answer 12

it is a mixture of fibres to combine the properties of both fibres

Question 13

What is the most popular blended fabric?

Answer 13

polycotton (polyester & cotton)

Question 14

What are the properties of cotton?

Answer 14

It is strong, hardwearing, absorbent, creases easily & does not burn easily.

Question 15

Why are finishes added to fabrics or yarns?

Answer 15

Protect the fabric or design features
Change the feel of the fabric
Improve resilience and durability
Improve the appearance of the fabric
Add value to the product

Question 16

What are the three types of fabric finishes?

Answer 16

Physical, Biological & chemical

Question 17

What is an example of a physical fabric finish?

Answer 17

brushing, calendaring or laminating

Question 18

What is an example of a biological finish?

Answer 18

biostoning or biopolishing

Question 19

what is an example of a chemical fabric finish?

Answer 19

mercerising, waterproofing or water repelling, flame-proofing, anti-static, anti-felting, bleaching, crease resistance & shrink resistance

Question 20

Name one method of industrial and one method of hand dyeing

Answer 20

Industrial - direct dyeing = only one colour once

Hand – dip dyeing

Question 21

What are the two methods of resist dyeing?

Answer 21

Batik & Tie dye

Question 22

name one hand and one industrial method of printing

Answer 22

Industrial – digital printing = carried out by computer
Industrial - roller printing
Hand – block printing
Hand – stencilling
H/I – screen printing
H/I – heat transfer
H/I – transfer printing

Question 23

Name 5 methods of embellishment or decoration

Answer 23

applique,
patchwork,
beads, buttons & mirrors,
3D paints
hand or sewing machine embroidery
CAD embroidery
transfers
pleats, tucks & gathering
quilting & trapunto

Question 24

What is the function of technical textiles?

Answer 24

Technical textiles are manufactured for function and technical performance (the appearance is not important).

Question 25

What is the description of smart materials?

Answer 25

Respond to external stimuli | Be activated by internal or external power sources.

Question 26

What are the 4 areas that smart textiles can be divided into?

Answer 26

Conductive, power assisted, communication & medical

Question 27

what is microencapsulation?

Answer 27

Where bubbles of chemicals are added to a fabric, friction causes the bubbles to burst releasing the chemical.

Question 28

What is an example of a conductive smart material?

Answer 28

electrical circuits incorporated into textiles e.g. temperature controlled clothing and soft interfaces (buttons on sleeves)

Question 29

What is an example of a communication smart material?

Answer 29

technological devices. e.g. sensors, transmitters, MP3's or GPS

Question 30

Why is smart communication added to products?

Answer 30

To protect the user communication with electronic devices entertainment health & safety

Question 31

What is an example of power assisted smart textiles?

Answer 31

incorporation of a power source. e.g. solar panels, flexible batteries, kinetic energy ( human force)

Question 32

What is an example of medical smart textiles?

Answer 32

to aid healing or monitor health microencapsulation sensors to monitor body temperature, moisture level or pulse rate sanitised fabrics = no allergens or bacteria

Question 33

What does thermochromic mean?

Answer 33

changes with temperature

Question 34

What is an application of thermochromic in a garment or product?

Answer 34

medical indications for fever | for show if babies are over heated

Question 35

What does photochromic mean?

Answer 35

changes colour with light

Question 36

What is an application of photochromic in a garment or product?

Answer 36

an indicator to show when young child have been in the sun for a certain length of time.