Field Test / Diploma Review Flashcards
What are examples of disturbing effects?
Forest fires, floods, volcanic eruptions
What is succession?
Sequence of invasion and replacement of species in an ecosystem over time
What are the kinds of succession?
- Primary (no soil)
- Secondary (disturbance that doesn’t fully take soil)
What are the communities found in succession?
- Pioneer Community (lichen)
- Climax community (animals or forests)
What is a community?
Interacting populations that inhabit a defined area
What are the types of competition?
- Interspecific (between 2 or more populations for limited resources)
- Intraspecific (between members of the same species for limited resources)
What are symbiotic relationships?
- Mutualism (both benefit)
- Commensalism (one benefits and the others is unaffected)
- Parasitism (one benefits the other is harmed)
What are the distribution patterns of populations?
- Random
- Clumped
- Uniform
What are the types of life strategies?
r selected
- short life
- early reproductive age
- large # offspring
- little paternal care
K selected
- live close to carrying capacity
- few offspring
- parental care longer
- larger bodies
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequencies due to chance events
- Founder effect (small break off population that isn’t a true genetic representation of the parent population)
- Bottleneck effect (Dramatic and temporary reduction in population size)
What is gene flow?
The net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals
What is a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live together in a defined area and time
What is a gene pool?
The sum of all alleles for all the genes in a population
What is DNA composed of?
- 5 carbon sugar
- Phosphate
- Nitrogen base
What is a gene and genome?
- sub unit of DNA that directs production of proteins
- All the DNA carried in each cell of an organism
What are the 3 characteristics crucial to gene expression?
- Code is redundant
- Code is continuous
- Code is universal
What are the characteristics of RNA?
- Contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
- U replaces T
- Single and short strand
Define Homeostasis:
State of relative stability within the body
What is the nervous system?
The system that monitors/controls all body processes
What are the cells of the nervous system?
- Neurons (basic structural/functional unit and conducts electrochemical signal)
- Glial cells (nourish, remove waste and protect neurons
What are the 3 main types of neuron?
- Sensory (gathers info from sensory receptors and signals CNS)
- Interneurons (link sensory and motor neurons - process/integrates info)
- Motor (transmits info from CNS to muscles, glands, and organs)
What are the structures of neuron cell?
- Dendrites (receive nerve impulses)
- Cell body (processes input from dendrites and site of metabolic processes)
- Axon (conducts impulse away from cell body)
- Branching ends (releases chemical signal to neighboring cells)
- Myelin sheath (protects neuron and speeds up nerve impulse)
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What is a reflex arc?
- Body reacts rapidly in danger
- Involuntary and unlearned
- Signal skips brain processing
- Few neurons involved
What are the components of signal transmission?
- Synapse (region between neurons)
- Neuromuscular junction (synapse between a motor neuron and muscle cell)
- Synaptic knob (end of axon - branches)
- Presynaptic neuron (carries impulses to synapse)
- Postsynaptic neuron (receives impulses away from synapse)
- Neurotransmitter (chemical messenger that transmits signal from pre to postsynaptic neuron)
