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Geography Paper 3 > Fieldwork > Flashcards

Fieldwork Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What was the sample size for our physical enquiry?

A
  • 40 data points
  • Over 200m
  • Every 5m
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2
Q

What was the sampling method for our physical enquiry?

A
  • Systematic sampling to collect gradient data
  • Random systematic sampling to collect vegetation data
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3
Q

What equipment did we use for our physical enquiry?

A
  • 50m tape measure
  • Ranging poles
  • Clinometer
  • Quadrat
  • Species identification sheet
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4
Q

What were risks of our physical enquiry?

A
  • Ticks and snake bites (lyme disease and poison)
  • Injury from slips, trips and falls
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5
Q

What did we do to mitigate ticks and snake bites during our physical enquiry?

A
  • Tick checks done and removal devices carried
  • Warned about dangers of adders, told to make noise
  • Nearby hospital location known
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6
Q

What did we do to mitigate injury from slips, trips and falls during our physical enquiry?

A
  • Site doesn’t have steep/unsafe inclines
  • Wearing suitable footwear
  • Students in groups with teacher supervision
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7
Q

What is the title of our physical enquiry?

A

To investigate changes to dune characteristics at Knoll Beach

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8
Q

What was the hypothesis of our physical enquiry?

A

There is a significant change to the shape and vegetation on the sand dunes

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9
Q

What is the analysis supporting the changing shape of sand dunes in our physical enquiry?

A
  • There were dips between ridges but no wet slacks
  • Decline in height at 84m
  • Tourism led to footpaths, could be ‘slacks’ we identified
  • Long dry summer, cause water table to have lowered
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10
Q

What is the conclusion that dune shape changed in our physical enquiry?

A

Can conclude confidently, data shows dune shape changes, there are multiple dune ridges, separated by lower areas of dry slack with a height range of 8m

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11
Q

What is the analysis supporting the increasing vegetation of sand dunes in our physical enquiry?

A

Vegetation increased rapidly:
- Increased from 0% to 100% within 40m, stayed high
- Sand dune succession theory, soil acidity, water retention, wind shelter and nutrient levels all increased along transect
- More likely vegetation can grow and survive
- 100% coverage interrupted by human impact
- Footpaths

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12
Q

What is the analysis supporting the vegetation species changing in the sand dunes in our physical enquiry?

A

Vegetation species changed but didn’t become more diverse:
- Marram grass dominant between 14-40m
- Heather until 150m
- Gorse until 200m
- Marram adapted, has deep roots and curled waxy leaves
- Heather needs better shelter/soil
- Cyril Driver Project shows National Trust overprotected heather
- pH samples of soil shows increased acidity by factor 2
- Influencing vegetation

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13
Q

What is the conclusion that dune vegetation changed in our physical enquiry?

A

Vegetation coverage increases, dominant species changes

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14
Q

What is the justification for choosing Knoll Beach for our physical enquiry?

A
  • Large, 2km, deep and mature dunes, 1km deep, 200m transect
  • Owned by National Trust, can access for free
  • Conservation by National Trust, dunes in good condition
  • Previous research done provides background to understand vegetation changes
  • Popular tourist and local destination, can investigate impact of humans
  • Only 15 minute drive from fieldwork base in Swanage
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15
Q

What is the dune succession theory?

A

How sand dunes form, sand blown inland, trapped and colonised by plants
- Small embryo and fore dunes, pioneer species, sandwort and marram grass
- Decomposition increases nutrient value and water retention
- Soil more acidic
- Yellow and grey dunes, heather and gorse
- Helps us interpret sand dune transects

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16
Q

What is the Cyril Driver Project?

A

Cyril Driver, local nature enthusiast, studied and mapped dunes over a century ago, documented species
- 2013, National Trust recreated study, dunes changed significantly
- New dune ridge, open areas of sand reduced from 30% to 2%
- Heather and gorse dominant
- Encourage visitors to trample and wander over dunes to regenerate them
- Helps us understand limited variety of species, heather dominating, high coverage of vegetation

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17
Q

What are plant adaptations in sand dunes and what can this tell us?

A

Plants in sand dunes have to adapt to difficult growing conditions, high wind speeds, extremes of temperature, alkaline pH, lack of water in soil
- We can understand why some plants grow at the front and others at the back
- Mobile dune fronts, marram grass, extensive root systems, curled and waxy leaves
- Fixed dunes, heather and gorse, more shelter from wind, nutrient rich and acidic soil

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18
Q

What do we need to consider when evaluating our physical enquiry?

A
  • Reliability of method
  • Impact on result accuracy
  • Impact on conclusion validity
  • How could we improve?
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19
Q

What made our usage of clinometers reliable?

A
  • Used gradient data to calculate sand dune profile
  • Double checked readings for accuracy
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20
Q

What made our usage of clinometers unreliable?

A
  • Gravity led, takes time to settle
  • Some rusted or sticky
  • Open to human error
  • Dune heights unlikely to fully match real value by 1-2 degrees when drawn
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21
Q

What can we conclude from our usage of clinometers?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Dune shape clearly changed
  • Still valid
22
Q

How could we improve our use of clinometers?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Greater training in classrooms
  • Take more time
  • Repeated measurement
  • Taken average
23
Q

What made our method of analysing vegetation reliable?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Quadrat divided into 100 squares
  • Easy to do % veg cover
24
Q

What made our method of analysing vegetation unreliable?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vegetation not in flower so difficult to identify and distinguish between different types of species
  • % veg cover time consuming to count
  • Common names e.g. ‘heather’ not specific, misidentification
  • Could be 10-30% inaccurate
25
What can we conclude from our analysis of vegetation?
- Clear transition from grass to heather, to gorse - Fairly valid
26
How could we improve our analysis of vegetation?
- Survey dunes in Spring for flowers - Seek help of botanist to identify plants or use app - Take more time and care to calculate % veg cover
27
What factors affected the reliability of our physical enquiry?
- Transect wasn't straight - Tape measure wasn't accurately laid - Transect was not long enough - Didn't collect enough environmental data to understand vegetation change
28
How did we use transect data in our physical enquiry?
- Sand dune profile (type of line graph) - Shows dune shape, visually representative - Spot changes in land shape, identify fore and yellow dunes - Same scale of x and y axis - Accurate to-scale representation, avoided exaggeration - Plotted distance and gradient using protractor - Could calculate height of land through transect - Plotting data required precision, human error - Wasn't clear whether ridges and dips were dunes or slacks, photos could have helped
29
How did we present percentage vegetation?
- Written out - Not visual, could have used proportional symbols or pie charts - Can't spot patterns as easily
30
How did we present vegetation type and pH data?
- Overlaid above transect - Make links between data sets - Marram grass dominated first ridge, likely to be fore dune
31
What did our sand dune profile tell us?
- No embryo dune - First dune ridge 4m high - No indicator species - Embryo barely 1-2m high normally - Lost due to worsening coastal erosion & climate change - Heavy tourism could also erode embryo dunes - Able to identify fore and yellow dunes - Ridge peak at 4m at 20m and 8m at 45m - Little evidence for embryo dune, next fore dune - Dune after that yellow dune - Fore dune has marram grass, indicator species
32
What are risks of our human enquiry?
- Road traffic accident - Danger from members of the public
33
How did we mitigate the risk of a road traffic accident in our human enquiry?
- Conducting questionnaires in pedestrianised zones - Students briefed on road safety, cross at designated crossings - Staff first aid trained, carried first aid kits
34
How did we mitigate the risk of danger from members of the public in our human enquiry?
- Groups of minimum 3 - School mobile phone number in case of an incident - Students stayed in busy areas with other members of public - Introduced politely and thanked people for their time
35
Why did we choose Swanage as the location for our human enquiry?
- Interesting demographic (population structure) with a high % of elderly and wealthy. This could affect support for new renewable technologies - Large population size and area allowing easy data collection within the 2 hour window we had to collect questionnaires. Larger sample size, up to 70 students to collect data at the same time - It is a very safe and accessible location from our YHA accommodation - A proposed large offshore wind farm did not get planning permission - suggests locals are knowledgable about he pros and cons of renewable energy - Area is popular tourist location with nearby World Heritage Site and AONB, which creates a potential conflict with installation of renewables that we wanted to explore
36
What is NIMBYISM and how can this help us understand support of renewables in Swanage?
- NIMBY = Not In My Back Yard - The concept that people naturally reject changes that take place near to where they live due to a fear that it will affect them negatively - Helps us understand why many local residents in Swanage do not support the creation of more wind and solar farms
37
What is an AONB and how can this help us understand the lack of wind farms in the area?
- AONB = Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty - Protection status in the UK Government award areas of the countryside - Restricts activity and development in these areas in order to preserve them - Dorset AONB covers 40% of the county, including the Jurassic Coast (the UK's only natural UNESCO World Heritage Site) - Helps us understand why there are no onshore or offshore wind farms, only 9 small solar farms and little EV charging infrastructure
38
What is the Climate Change Act and how can this help us understand the switch to EVs?
- Climate Change Act 2008 = A key piece of UK legislation that legally commits the UK to becoming net-zero on carbon emissions by 2050 - Government set regular carbon budgets and implement policies to drive change - 2035 ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles - Policy helps us to understand why people are starting to switch to driving EVs and hybrid vehicles
39
What is the title to our human fieldwork enquiry?
Investigating climate change mitigation in Purbeck
40
What is the hypothesis of the human fieldwork?
The community of Purbeck are actively supporting the us of renewable energy
41
What method of primary data collection did we use in our human fieldwork enquiry?
Questionnaires with local residents
42
What method of secondary data collection did we use in our human fieldwork enquiry?
- Satellite images of properties to identify % solar panel use - Thematic maps showing EV charge point and commercial solar and wind farms
43
How did we present the closed question data from our questionnaire and how did this help us?
- Bar charts - Pie charts - Stacked bar charts - Visually represented our data allowing us to quantify how much local support there was for renewable energy
44
What were cons of our data presentation for our human enquiry?
- Did not allow us to incorporate the use of our open questions - It was difficult to present a large quantity of qualitative data, which we underused in our analysis - Only created 5 charts - Missed other interesting trends in our data such as how support for solar and wind farms varies by age group
45
What does presenting data in a comparative bar chart in our human enquiry allow us to do?
- Use our qualifying questions to plot our data by gender - Allowed us to identify that men were slightly less supportive of renewable energy than women
46
What did calculating the % of people we surveyed who had solar panels show us?
- 14% had solar panels installed - This could be linked to our mean calculation of solar panels of solar panel use from our 15 satellite photos presentation data which was just 10%
47
What did using Excel to generate charts digitally do?
- Significantly reduce the risk of human error when creating them - They were therefore a very accurate representation of the data recorded
48
What did using stacked bar charts help us do?
- Able to separate our data on use of EV and hybrid vehicles by age group - This allowed us to identify that the younger age groups were more actively supporting the switch to EV/hybrids - >65 being very reluctant
49
What percentage of people supported or strongly supported solar and wind farms?
50%
50
What percentage of respondents knew about the 2035 ban on sale of new petrol and diesel cars?
57%
51
What percentage of people interviewed were over 50 years old?
70%
52
What are ways in which we could have improved our human enquiry?
- Asked how far from Swanage centre they lived and include the question in the main table of questions - Insisted on equal proportions of the different age groups to ensure a representative sample

Geography Paper 3 (2 decks)

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