fieldwork investigations 3

Question 1

what are the geographical theories we investigated ?

Answer 1

how the river Ogmore changed with distance down stream

Question 2

what is another geographical theory you can investigate ?

Answer 2

the Bradshaw model of rivers

Question 3

what is primary data ?

Answer 3

data you collect yourself

Question 4

what are the advantages of primary data ?

Answer 4

• know its reliable and valid
• collect the data that you need
• can collect as much data as required

Question 5

what are the disadvantages of primary data ?

Answer 5

• don’t have access to proper resources

- can be time consuming

Question 6

what is secondary data ?

Answer 6

data that someone else has already collected

Question 7

what are the advantages of secondary data ?

Answer 7

• doesn’t take long to collect
• take real data from past
• some data is valid - collected from the government
• may give you an average

Question 8

what are the disadvantages of secondary data ?

Answer 8

• don’t know where it came from or how reliable it is
• might have no relevant data
• data can be complicated
• don’t have full understanding of what data set is showing
• data could be out of date

Question 9

what is qualitative data ?

Answer 9

• subjective data - information from people’s point of view

- non-numerical data

Question 10

what are the advantages of qualitative data ?

Answer 10

• can develop specific insights
• turns individual’s experiences into usable data
• more affordable than other research techniques

Question 11

what are the disadvantages of qualitative data ?

Answer 11

• takes a lot of time to collect the data

- does not offer statistical representation

Question 12

what is quantitive data ?

Answer 12

• objective data - information collected through observation and measured
• numerical data

Question 13

what are the advantages of quantitive data ?

Answer 13

• results are valid and reliable

- useful for studies that involve numbers

Question 14

what are the disadvantages of quantitive data ?

Answer 14

• survey instruments are vulnerable to errors

- some topics are too big to quantify into numbers

Question 15

what are the disadvantages of systematic sampling ?

Answer 15

• might suggest places that are dangerous or inaudible

- a little biased

Question 16

what is systematic sampling ?

Answer 16

collecting data in an ordered or regular way

Question 17

what is stratified sampling ?

Answer 17

• dividing sampling into groups
• stratified random sampling - random samples are taken from within certain categories
• stratified systematic sampling - regular samples are taken from within certain categories

Question 18

what is random sampling ?

Answer 18

pick random places or people to get data from

Question 19

what are the disadvantages of random sampling ?

Answer 19

may miss out areas where there is key information

Question 20

why do data collection sheets need to be clear and simple ?

Answer 20

to make the results easy to read

Question 21

how easy is the data collection equipment to use/transport ?

Answer 21

• reasonably easy
• not heavy
• quite inconvenient

Question 22

how expensive is the data collection equipment ?

Answer 22

• impeller is expensive

- not much else is expensive

Question 23

why do we need risk assessments ?

Answer 23

to know which areas to avoid and the dangers of the area

Question 24

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a bar graph ?

Answer 24

+ easy to interpret

- if attempt to represent wide ranges of numbers will struggle to efficiently communicate their meaning

Question 25

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a pie graph ?

Answer 25

+ easily display relative proportions of multiple classes of data - does not show changes overtime

Question 26

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a line graph ?

Answer 26

+ scale means figures can be read easily and accurately | - appearance may imply more data than you actually have

Question 27

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a scatter graph ?

Answer 27

+ range of data flow - minimum and maximum values can be maintained - doesn't work to show relation of more than two variables

Question 28

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a divided bar graph ?

Answer 28

+ shows the overall amount of each variable for each group | - confusing to see exact figures of each variable

Question 29

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a % bar graph ?

Answer 29

+ easy to read | - do not know the exact amount

Question 30

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a radar graph ?

Answer 30

+ good for visualising comparisons of quality of data | - comparisons can become hard to read when there are more than a couple webs on the chart

Question 31

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a cross sections on a graph ?

Answer 31

+ easily prove or disprove assumptions | - can't show cause and effect

Question 32

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dispersion graph ?

Answer 32

+ anomalies are easily shown | - standard deviation can be easily manipulated and be bias

Question 33

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a choropleth map ?

Answer 33

+ can easily see large amounts of information and patterns | - assumes whole area has the same value

Question 34

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dot map ?

Answer 34

+ shows density and distribution over whole area | - clustering makes it impossible to plot and interpret

Question 35

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located proportional symbol map ?

Answer 35

+ easy to read as each symbol is proportional to its value | - difficult to calculate actual value

Question 36

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located bars map ?

Answer 36

+ show frequency distribution and is easy to read | - don't show key assumptions, causes, impacts and patterns

Question 37

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a word cloud ?

Answer 37

+ reveals key thoughts of an area | - don't know exact numbers of people who have said these things

Question 38

what are the advantages and disadvantages of annotated field sketches ?

Answer 38

+ easy to pick key information we need to annotate | - drawn by people so impossible to see the distorted information

Question 39

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a GIS (geographical information system) ?

Answer 39

+ high accuracy and presents better predictions and analysis - requires enormous amount of data

Question 40

what do you put in your evaluation ? 4

Answer 40

- what were the advantages and limitations of each stage of the process - how accurate (lacking in errors) - how reliable (consistent and repeatable) - how valid (was is suitable to answer the question)

Question 41

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a population pyramid ?

Answer 41

+ easy to understand and give a clear indication of movement - if lots of flows are going in the dame direction map can start to look very complicated

Question 42

when are triangular graphs used ?

Answer 42

three axes divided up into percentages totalling 100 three sets of data are needed

Question 43

what are the advantages and disadvantages of histograms ?

Answer 43

+ helps visualise distribution large amounts of data | - interpreting a histogram can be hard

Question 44

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a triangular graph ?

Answer 44

+ large amounts of data can be plotted easily | - data has to be in percentages