File 3 Vocab

Question 1

Phonotactic Contstraints

Answer 1

restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments.

Question 2

phoneme

Answer 2

a class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound; a mental entity (or category) related to various allophones by phonological rules

Question 3

allophones

Answer 3

one of a set of nonconstrictive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment.

Question 4

nonconstrivctive

Answer 4

a term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words into language.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

in phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related. in morphology, the morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions.

Question 6

morphemes

Answer 6

smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.

Question 7

free variation

Answer 7

term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.

Question 8

complimentary distribution

Answer 8

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. sounds that are in complimentary distribution are allophones of the same phoneme.

Question 9

assimilation

Answer 9

a process in which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.

Question 10

dissimilation

Answer 10

the process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.

Question 11

metathesis

Answer 11

switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other.

Question 12

obligatory rule

Answer 12

phonological, morphological, or syntactic rule that applies in the speech of all speakers of a language or dialect, regardless of style or rate of speech.

Question 13

minimal pairs

Answer 13

two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position and that have different meanings.

Question 14

metathesis

Answer 14

switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other.

Question 15

flapping

Answer 15

a sound produced by bringing two articular together very quickly

Question 16

strengthening

Answer 16

a process through which sounds are made stronger.according to some criterion.

Question 17

weakening

Answer 17

a process though which sounds are made “weaker” according to some criterion.

Question 18

vowel harmony

Answer 18

long-distance assimilation between vowels.

Question 19

implicational law

Answer 19

observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication (e.g. if A the B,meaning that is a language has feature A then we can expect it to have feature B).

Question 20

natural class

Answer 20

group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sounds in that language.

Question 21

palatalization

Answer 21

a process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid from vowels like {i} or [e]

Question 22

alveolar

Answer 22

sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the alveolar ridge.

Question 23

alveolar ridge

Answer 23

bony structure located just behind the upper front teeth.

Question 24

overlapping distribution

Answer 24

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments

Question 25

derivations

Answer 25

in phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it. In Morphology, a morphological process that changes a words lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way.

Question 26

lexical catagory

Answer 26

class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. traditionally known as part of speech.