File 3 vocab Flashcards
(25 cards)
phonology
the study of how sounds are organized within a language and how they interact with each other
phonetic inventory
the sounds that are produced as part of the language
phonetic contraints
the restrictions on possible combinations of sounds
meaningful
changing the sound from voiced to voiceless changes the word produced
aspiration
voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable
phoneme
a set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound
contrastive distribution
a case in which two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment, and using one rather than the other changes the meaning of the word
minimal pair
two words, with different meanings, whose pronounciations differ by exactly one sound
free variation
term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words
overlapping distribution
the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments
underlying form
the mapping between the phonetic form
conditioning enviroment
neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change
sibilant
segments that have a high pitched, hissing sound quality
labial
a member of a natural class of sounds produced with with lips
obstruents
produced with an obstruction of the airflow;
stops, fricatives, and affricates
sonorants
produced with a relatively open passage for the air flow;
nasal, liquids, glides, and vowels
assimilation
cause a sound (gesture) to become more like a neighboring sound (gesture) with respect to some phonetic property
nasal place assimilation
an alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant
palatalization
a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal
vowel harmony
a back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word
manner dissimilation
a stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop
voiceless stop insertion
between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted
metathesis
change the order of sounds; when three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel
flapping
an alveolar oral (stop) is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel
