File systems

Question 1

What is the function of a file system

Answer 1

To give the OS a roadmap to file locations

Question 2

What is the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (COMS)

Answer 2

Stores system configuration and date/time information when power to the system is off

Question 3

What is Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Answer 3

Contains programs that perform input and output at the hardware level

Question 4

What is the bootstrap process

Answer 4

Contained in ROM, tells the computer how to proceed
Displays the key(s) you press to open CMOS screen

Question 5

What are the steps carried out by NTFS computers when they are turned on

Answer 5

Power on self test (POST)
Initial startup
Boot loader
Hardware detection and configuration
Kernel loading
User logon

Question 6

What is the function of the Master Boot Record (MBR)

Answer 6

Stores information about partitions
-Location, size, etc

Question 7

What is drive slack

Answer 7

Unused space on a cluster

Question 8

What is RAM slack

Answer 8

Unused space on RAM
Can contain old logons and passwords

Question 9

What is file slack

Answer 9

The space between the logical end and the physical end of the file
Bytes not used on the sector by the file

Question 10

Describe NTFS disks

Answer 10

First introduced with Windows NT
Stores more information about a file than FAT file systems
Keeps track of transactions
Partition Boot Sector starts at sector 0

Question 11

What is a Master File Table (MFT)

Answer 11

First file on disk
Contains metadata about all files on disk
Stores resident attributes
Reduces slack space

Question 12

What is a registry

Answer 12

A database that stores hardware and software configuration information, network connections, user preferences and setup information
Can contain valuable information for registry purposes

Question 13

Describe registry structure

Answer 13

Hives- primary HKEY files
Keys- subfiles in hives
Values- Files in keys

Question 14

What is the function of the File Manager utility

Answer 14

Reading, writing and storing data to physical media

Question 15

What is the function of the Finder utility

Answer 15

Keeps track of files and maintains users’ desktop

Question 16

What are the 2 parts of a file in old MAC OS

Answer 16

Data fork
Resource fork

Stores file metadata and application information

Question 17

What is a volume

Answer 17

Any storage medium used to store files
Can be all or part of a hard disk

Question 18

What is the capacity of a logical block

Answer 18

512 bytes

Question 19

What is an allocation block

Answer 19

A set of consecutive logical blocks

Question 20

What is a clump

Answer 20

A group of contiguous allocation blocks
Reduces fragmentation

Question 21

What is open firmware for Mac boot tasks

Answer 21

Processor and system independent firmware
Controls microprocessor after hardware initialization

Question 22

What is the boot process for Mac OS 9

Answer 22

Power on computer
Hardware self-test and open firmware run
Mac OS starts
Startup disk is located
System files are opened
System extensions are loaded
Finder starts

Question 23

What is the function of the Master Directory Block

Answer 23

Stores all information about a volume
Used by old Mac OS

Question 24

What is the function of the Volume Control Block

Answer 24

Stores all information from master directory block when OS mounts
Used by old Mac OS

Question 25

What is the function of the extents overflow file

Answer 25

Stores all information not in master directory block or volume control block Used by old Mac OS

Question 26

What is a catelog

Answer 26

Listing of all files and directories on the volume Maintains relationships between files and directories

Question 27

What is the function of a volume bitmap

Answer 27

Tracks used and unused blocks on a volume

Question 28

What file system is used by Mac OS 9 for File Manager

Answer 28

B* tree Uses header, index and map nodes Actual file data stored on leaf nodes

Question 29

What are inodes

Answer 29

Employed by Linux file systems Contains information about each file and directory Keeps internal link count Pointer to other inodes or blocks

Question 30

What is the function of a superblock

Answer 30

Indicates disk geometry, available space and location of first inode Manages file system

Question 31

What is an inode block

Answer 31

First data after superblock Assigned to every file allocation unit

Question 32

What are data blocks

Answer 32

Stores directories and files Location is linked directly to inodes

Question 33

What is the function of a bad block inode

Answer 33

Keeps track of disk's bad sectors

Question 34

What is the function of a continuation inode

Answer 34

Provides information about a file or directory

Question 35

Describe the instruction code process for UNIX and Linux

Answer 35

Loaded into RAM Checks hardware Loads boot program

Question 36

Describe the boot program process for UNIX and Linux

Answer 36

Loads kernel Transfers control to kernel

Question 37

What is the kernel's process

Answer 37

Identify all devices Boots system to single-user mode Runs startup scripts Changes to multiuser mode Identifies root directory, swap and dump files Sets hostname and timezone Runs consistency checks on file system and mounts partitions Starts services and sets up NIC Establishes user and system accounting and quotas

Question 38

What is Linux Loader (LILO)

Answer 38

Old boot manager Resides on MBR Can start 2 or more OSs Uses configuration file (Lilo.conf)

Question 39

What is Grand Unified Boot Loader (GRUB)

Answer 39

More powerful than LILO Resides on MBR Command line or menu driven

Question 40

Describe phishing emails

Answer 40

HTML format Allows creating links to text on a webpage

Question 41

What are the 2 environments emails can be sent/received in

Answer 41

Internet Controlled LAN, MAN or WAN