FILM

Question 1

Undesirable optical densities or blemishes on a radiograph or any other medical image.

Answer 1

ARTIFACTS

Question 2

any irregularity on an image that is not caused by the proper shadowing of tissue by the primary x-ray beam.

Answer 2

ARTIFACTS

Question 3

is something in the image that looks like it was created by the object but was in fact created by the process.

Answer 3

ARTIFACTS

Question 4

radiographic artifacts occur in three areas:

Answer 4

exposure, processing, and handling.

Question 5

are associated with the manner in which the radiographer conducts the examination.

Answer 5

Exposure artifacts

Question 6

essential for producing artifact-free images.

Answer 6

Patient preparation

Question 7

Unexpected foreign object such as jewelry

Answer 7

Improper patient preparation

Question 8

Double exposure

Answer 8

Reuse of cassettes already exposed

Question 9

Blur

Answer 9

Improper patient movement, including breathing

Question 10

Grid cutoff artifacts

Answer 10

Improper patient positioning

Question 11

Obscured detail

Answer 11

Poor screen-film contact

Question 12

occur when the guide shoes in the turnaround assembly of the processor are sprung or improperly positioned.

Answer 12

Guide shoe marks

Question 13

because of dirt or a chemical stain on a roller, which sensitizes the emulsion.

Answer 13

pi line

Question 14

ause emulsion pick-off and gelatin buildup, which result in sludge deposits on the film.

Answer 14

Dirty Rollers

Question 15

light or radiation fog and is usually a uniform dull gray.

Answer 15

Chemical Fog

Question 16

Improper or inadequate processing chemistry can result in a special type of chemical fog

Answer 16

dichroic stain.

Question 17

appears as a curtain effect on the radiograph.

Answer 17

Dichroic stain

Question 18

Chemical stains on a radiograph can appear

Answer 18

yellow, green, blue, or purple.

Question 19

Irregular or dirty rollers cause pressure during development and produce small circular patterns of increased OD.

Answer 19

Wet-Pressure Sensitization

Question 20

Yellow-brown drops on film

Answer 20

Oxidized developer

Question 21

Milky appearance

Answer 21

Underreplenished fixer

Question 22

Greasy appearance

Answer 22

Inadequate washing

Question 23

Brittle appearance

Answer 23

Improper dryer temperature or hardener in the fixer

Question 24

can occur if the film is stacked too high

Answer 24

Pressure marks

Question 25

can result if the temperature or the humidity is too high or if the film bin is not shielded adequately from radiation.

Answer 25

Image fog

Question 26

White light leaks in the darkroom or within the cassette cause streak-like artifacts of increased OD.

Answer 26

Light or Radiation Fog

Question 27

Rough handling before processing can cause

Answer 27

Pressure or Kink Marks

Question 28

Three distinct patterns of static are

Answer 28

crown, tree, and smudge.

Question 29

is caused by the buildup of electrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during the winter and during periods of extremely low humidity.

Answer 29

Static

Question 30

The yellow-brown stain that slowly appears on a radiograph after a long storage time indicates a problem with hypo retention from the fixer.

Answer 30

Hypo Retention

Question 31

QA activities require attention from the imaging team, but they are principally the responsibility of the

Answer 31

radiologist and the imaging service management

Question 32

is more tangible and obvious than QA.

Answer 32

qc

Question 33

designed to ensure that the radiologist is provided with an optimal image produced through good equipment performance and resulting in minimal patient radiation dose.

Answer 33

qc

Question 34

Quality control program consists of three steps:

Answer 34

Acceptance testing 2.Routine performance monitoring 3.Maintenance

Question 35

QC is principally the responsibility of the

Answer 35

medical physicist.

Question 36

The general purpose radiographic units have a minimum total filtration of

Answer 36

2.5 mm Al.

Question 37

Filtration should be evaluated

Answer 37

annually or at any time after a change has occurred in the x-ray tube or tube housing.

Question 38

these devices are automatic collimators that sense the size of the image receptor and adjust the collimating shutters to that size.

Answer 38

Positive beam-limiting collimators

Question 39

Distance and centering indicators must be accurate to within

Answer 39

2% of SID

Question 40

The spatial resolution of a radiographic imaging system is determined principally by the

Answer 40

focal-spot size of the x-ray tube.

Question 41

Three tools used for focal-spot size measurement:

Answer 41

1.Pinhole camera 2.Star pattern 3.Slit camera

Question 42

difficult to use and requires excessive exposure time.

Answer 42

pinhole camera

Question 43

easy to use but has significant limitations for focal-spot sizes less than 0.3 mm.

Answer 43

star pattern

Question 44

The standard for measurement of effective focal-spot size is the

Answer 44

slit camera.

Question 45

Focal-spot size should be evaluated

Answer 45

annually or whenever an x-ray tube is replaced

Question 46

annually or whenever an x-ray tube is replaced

Answer 46

annually

Question 47

A variation in kVp of approximately

Answer 47

4%