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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > FINAL 01 - Muscular System Reporting > Flashcards

FINAL 01 - Muscular System Reporting Flashcards

1
Q

It is a part of myofilament that forms short or thin filaments

A

Actin

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2
Q

What are the different parts of the actin?

A

G-actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin

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3
Q

It is a part of myofilament that do not slide during contraction and are free at both ends

A

Myosin

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4
Q

The region in the center of the sarcomere where only thick filaments are present, with no overlapping thin filaments

A

H-zone

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5
Q

4 microscopic structure of the skeletal muscle

A

Muscle fibers, Myofibrils, Sarcomeres, Myofilaments

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6
Q

There is a higher concentration of potassium (K+) ions inside the cell compared to the outside of the cell (T/F)

A

T

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7
Q

The resting membrane potential of a cell has a charge of -150 mV (T/F)

A

F

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8
Q

The resting membrane potential changes in response to stimuli that activate gated-ion channels (T/F)

A

T

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9
Q

Repolarization refers to the initial increase of the membrane potential to the value of the threshold potential (T/F)

A

F

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10
Q

The peak of the action potential where the membrane potential is positive is referred to as the overshoot (T/F)

A

T

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11
Q

What is contractility in muscle tissue?
a) Ability to stretch and lengthen
b) Ability to return to its original shape after being stretched
c) Ability to shorten forcibly when contracting
d) Ability to receive and respond to stimuli

A

C

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12
Q

Which example illustrates the concept of excitability in muscle function?
a) Stretching exercises like yoga
b) Reflex action when touching a hot surface
c) Performing a bicep curl
d) Using a rubber band

A

B

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13
Q

Extensibility in muscle tissue refers to its ability to:
a) Return to its original shape after being stretched
b) Respond to electrical stimulation
c) Lengthen and stretch beyond its normal resting length
d) Generate movement and pressure

A

C

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14
Q

What is elasticity’s role in muscle function?
a) Maintaining flexibility and range of motion
b) Allowing muscles to return to their original shape after stretching
c) Enabling muscles to respond to nervous system signals
d) Facilitating force generation during contraction

A

B

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15
Q

Which activity demonstrates the concept of elasticity in muscle tissue?
a) Stretching before exercise
b) Performing a knee-jerk reflex
c) Plyometric exercises like jump squats
d) Passive lengthening of muscles after contraction

A

C

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16
Q

3 phases of twitching

A

Latent period, Period of contraction, Period of relaxation

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17
Q

3 causes of twitching

A

Lack of sleep, Exercise, Lack of nutrients

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18
Q

A state of sustained contraction of a muscle during which the muscle does not relax to its initial length or tension

A

Tetanus

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19
Q

The occurrence of additional twitch contractions before the previous twitch has completely relaxed

A

Summation

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20
Q

What is the primary source for ATP synthesis in slow-twitch muscles?

A

Aerobic respiration

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21
Q

What role does myoglobin play in slow-twitch muscle fibers?

A

It acts as an oxygen reservoir

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22
Q

What is the primary energy source for fast-twitch muscle fibers?

A

Glycolysis

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23
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by fast contraction speed and high susceptibility to fatigue?

A

Type IIB fibers

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24
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is best adapted for activities requiring sustained contractions over a longer duration, such as long-distance running?

A

Type I fibers

25
Q

How many ATP molecules can aerobic respiration produce?

A

36

26
Q

What is the energy source of anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose

27
Q

Has less efficiency, but it is much faster especially when insufficiency is available

A

Anaerobic respiration

28
Q

What is the duration of energy supply for anaerobic respiration?

A

3 minutes

29
Q

3 energy sources of aerobic respiration

A

Glucose, Amino acids, Fatty acids

30
Q

Fatigue that commonly happens in athletes

A

Muscle fatigue

31
Q

This type of fatigue occurs in the neuromuscular junction

A

Synaptic fatigue

32
Q

Which of the impacts are not part of psychological fatigue

A

Affected muscle movements

33
Q

Minghao has been working on a dance routine for days without any breaks. he has been feeling sleepy, constantly tired and is unable to concentrate on certain tasks. what type of fatigue is stated in this scenario?

A

Muscle fatigue

34
Q

Which type of muscle contraction involves a constant tension in the muscle while the length of the muscle changes?

A

Isotonic contraction

35
Q

Which type of isotonic contraction involves the muscle shortening as tension is great enough to overcome the opposing resistance?

A

Concentric contraction

36
Q

What type of contraction is responsible for maintaining posture and supporting objects in a fixed position without visible movement at the joints?

A

Isometric contraction

37
Q

Which type of isotonic contraction involves the muscle increasing in length while tension is maintained?

A

Eccentric contraction

38
Q

What type of contraction involves muscle tension without length changes?

A

Isometric contraction

39
Q

An astronaut returning from a long-duration space mission experiences muscle loss. What is the term for this condition?

A

Atrophy

40
Q

During a marathon, a runner suddenly experiences intense pain and stiffness in their calf muscles, hindering their progress. What’s the term for this painful, involuntary muscle contraction, often occurring during strenuous physical activity?

A

Cramps

41
Q

Despite having undergone various medical tests, a patient continues to suffer from widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points. What’s the term for this medically unexplained chronic pain syndrome?

A

Fibromyalgia

42
Q

A patient with chronic liver disease develops stiff and immobile skeletal muscles due to excessive collagen deposition. What’s the term for this pathological process of excessive fibrous connective tissue formation in skeletal muscles?

A

Fibrosis

43
Q

A child is diagnosed with a genetic muscle disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. What is this condition called?

A

Muscular dystrophy

44
Q

Class of drugs that are referred to as steroids and are anti-inflammatory

A

Corticosteroids

45
Q

A corticosteroid that reduces inflammation in the body and also suppresses your immune system

A

Rayos

46
Q

A drug that is used to reduce fever and treat pain or inflammation caused by many conditions

A

Ibuprofen

47
Q

Class of drugs that can raise your risk of having a heart attack or stroke, especially in higher doses

A

NSAIDs

48
Q

Class of drugs used to treat muscle strain and charley horse

A

NSAIDs

49
Q

The end of the motor neuron that divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs

A

Axon terminal

50
Q

Neural part of the NMJ

A

Synaptic end bulbs

51
Q

Suspended in the cytosol within each synaptic end bulb are hundreds of membrane-enclosed sacs

A

Synaptic vesicles

52
Q

The neurotransmitter released at the NMJ

A

Acetylcholine

53
Q

The muscular part of the NMJ

A

Motor end plate

54
Q

Integral transmembrane proteins to which acetylcholine specifically binds

A

Acetylcholine receptors

55
Q

Deep grooves in the motor end plate that provide a large surface area for acetylcholine

A

Junctional folds

56
Q

3 parts of the NMJ

A

Presynaptic motor nerve terminal, Synaptic cleft, Postsynaptic muscle fiber

57
Q

Are terminal end branches to one to two hundred nerve terminals

A

Presynaptic motor nerve terminal

58
Q

The space between the nerve terminal and the plasma membrane of muscle

A

Synaptic cleft

59
Q

The postsynaptic part of the motor endplate that is positioned on the receiving end of the synaptic cleft

A

Postsynaptic muscle fiber

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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