Final

Question 1

A low glycemie index of a food indications:

[ ] faster rate of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
[ ] Slower rate of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
[ ] That the food has been highly processed
[ ] that the food contains high quantities of simple sugars

Answer 1

[X] Slower rate of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Question 2

A numer of analytical techniques are used to measure isoenzymes or isoforms. They DO NOT include:

[ ] Selective inactivation
[ ] Immunochemical methods
[ ] Methods based on differences in catalytic properties
[ ] Total activity measurements

Answer 2

[X] Total activity measurements

Question 3

A significant reduction in the concentration of glucose in CSF is observed in

[ ] A. Viral meningitis
[ ] B. Meningococcal meningitis
[ ] C. Tuberculosis meningitis
[ ] Answers B and C are correct

Answer 3

[X] Answers B and C are correct

[ ] B. Meningococcal meningitis
[ ] C. Tuberculosis meningitis

Question 4

Acidosis

[ ] Is usually caused by hyperventilation
[ ] Is never connected with renal insufficiency
[ ] Can be corrected by decrease of respiratory rate
[ ] Can be caused by respiratory insufficiency or not treated diabetes mellitus

Answer 4

[X] Can be caused by respiratory insufficiency or not treated diabetes mellitus

Question 5

Blood enzymes can be classified into plasma-specific enzymes, secreted enzymes and cellular enzymes. To secreted enzymes belong?

[ ] Lipase, alpha-amylase, trypsinogen
[ ] Cholinesterase, thrombin, lactate dehydrogenase
[ ] Prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases
[ ] Alpha-amylase, trypsinogen, lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 5

[X] Lipase, alpha-amylase, trypsinogen

Question 6

Blood enzymes can be classified into plasma-specific enzymes, secreted enzymes and cellular enzymes. To secreted enzymes belong:

[ ] Lipase, Alpha-amylase, Trypsinogen
[ ] Cholinesterase, Thrombin, Lactate dehydrogenase
[ ] Thrombin, Fibrinolytic enzymes
[ ] Alpha-amylase, Trypsinogen, Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 6

[X] Lipase, Alpha-amylase, Trypsinogen

Question 7

Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) is used for detection, staging and monitoring of disease ….. in the case of

[ ] Melanoma
[ ] Colorectal cancer
[ ] Breast cancer
[ ] Lymphoma

Answer 7

[X] Colorectal cancer

Question 8

Ceruloplasmin is

[ ] A late acute phase protein, binds iron (?) and transports it to tissues
[ ] A late acute phase protein, binds copper and transport it to tissues
[ ] A late acute phase protein, binds magnesium and transports it to tissues
[ ] A late acute phase protein, binds copper and catalyzes oxidation of Fe3+ to Fe2+

Answer 8

[X] A late acute phase protein, binds copper and transport it to tissues

Question 9

Choose a correct definition of positive predictive value of the test:

[ ] it is a ….that a test will have a negative result if the targeted disease is absent
[ ] It is a …. that a test will be positive in the presence of targeted disease
[ ] It is a probabillity that a patient with positive result of a test result has a targeted disease
[ ] It is a …. that a test will be positive in the …… of targeted disease

Answer 9

[X] It is a probabillity that a patient with positive result of a test result has a targeted disease

Question 10

Choose the false statement:
Spherocytic is an abnormal red blood cell and:

[ ] is characteristic in hereditary spherocytosis and immune hemolytic anaemia
[ ] cannot be detected by osmotic fragility test
[ ] it is a sphere shaped cell
[ ] has lower resistance to hemolysis than normal erythrocyte

Answer 10

[X] cannot be detected by osmotic fragility test

Question 11

Choose the laboratory test which is NOT performed to differentiate transudates from exudates?

[ ] The assessment of total protein concentration in the serum
[ ] The assessment of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the fluid
[ ] The evaluation the ratio of total protein concentration in the fluid to total protein in the serum
[ ] The evaluation of immunoglobulin concentration in the fluid

Answer 11

[X] The assessment of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the fluid

Question 12

Complement proteins

[ ] Are proteins participating in blood coagulation XXX
[ ] Interact with antigen-antibody complexes in order to help XXX viruses, bacteria and neoplastic (?) diseases
[ ] Are produced on the basis of microbial DNA to prevent phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses
[ ] C2 and C4 are deficient in autoimmune diseases

Answer 12

[X] Interact with antigen-antibody complexes in order to help XXX viruses, bacteria and neoplastic (?) diseases

Question 13

D-Xylose test is used in diagnosis of

[ ] Galactosemia
[ ] Impaired function of the pancreas
[ ] Impaired intestinal adsorption of the food
[ ] Impaired conjugation of bilirubin in the liver

Answer 13

[X] Impaired intestinal adsorption of the food

Question 14

D-xylose test is useful in diagnosis of:

[ ] Galactosemia
[ ] Impaired function of the pancreases
[ ] Impaired intestinal absorption of the food
[ ] Impaired conjugation of bilirubin in the liver

Answer 14

[X] Galactosemia

Question 15

De Ritis factor is

[ ] The ratio of gamma glutamyl transferase to alkaline phosphatase activities
[ ] The measure of the degrees of intrahepatic cholestasis
[ ] The ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase activities
[ ] The indicator of creatine kinds elevation in blood

Answer 15

[X] The ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase activities

Question 16

Decreased secretion of pepsinogen is typical for

[ ] Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)
[ ] Ulcerous disease of duodenum
[ ] Chronic atrophic inflammation of gastric mucosa
[ ] Diabetes

Answer 16

[X] Chronic atrophic inflammation of gastric mucosa

Question 17

Decreased secretions of HCL in the stomach is typical for:

[ ] Zollinger-Elison syndrome(Gastrinoma)
[ ] Ulcerous disease of the stomach
[ ] Chronic atropine inflammation of the gastric mucosa
[ ] Pancreatitis

Answer 17

[X] Chronic atropine inflammation of the gastric mucosa

Question 18

Elevated level of glycated haemoglobin in blood:

[ ] Is indicative of hepatobilliary diseases
[ ] Is observed in thyroid diseases
[ ] is indicative of diabetes mellitus
[ ] is not an appropriate test for diabetes

Answer 18

[X] is indicative of diabetes mellitus

Question 19

Erythrocyturia may be caused by:

1. Urinary tract infection
2. Kidney of urinary tract stones
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. Pancreatitis

[ ] Only 1 is true
[ ] Only 1 and 2 are true
[ ] None of the above is true [ ] All are true

Answer 19

[X] Only 1 and 2 are true

Question 20

Free (unconjugated, indirect) bilirubin is elevated in

[ ] Biliary tracts obstruction
[ ] Excessive hemolysis
[ ] Liver cirrhosis
[ ] All liver diseases

Answer 20

[X] Excessive hemolysis

Question 21

Grave’s disease leads to

[ ] Secondary hypothyroidism
[ ] Secondary hyperthyroidism
[ ] The elevation of TSH in blood serum
[ ] The increase in TSI (antibodies stimulating TSH receptor) in blood serum

Answer 21

[X] The increase in TSI (antibodies stimulating TSH receptor) in blood serum

Question 22

High C-reactive protein level in serum

[ ] Is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, especially when coexists with high LDL cholesterol
[ ] Is observed in most patients suffering from cancer diseases
[ ] Is indicative of high risk of stroke, especially when HDL cholesterol level is increased
[ ] Is the best marker of primary hypothyroidism

Answer 22

[X] Is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, especially when coexists with high LDL cholesterol

Question 23

High positive predictive value of a diagnostic test for the disease means that NOT SURE

[ ] A. There is almost certain that the patient has that disease independently of the result of the test
[ ] B. If the result of the test is negative we can be sure that the patient does not have the disease
[ ] C. There is a high probability that the patient does not have the disease if the result of the test is positive
[ ] Answers A and C are true

Answer 23

[X] C. There is a high probability that the patient does not have the disease if the result of the test is positive

Question 24

Hypergammaglobuliemia is usually present in:

[ ] acute renal insufficiency
[ ] Liver insufficiency
[ ] Chronic diarrhea
[ ] Autoimmune diseases, X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-immunoglobulin M

Answer 24

[X] Autoimmune diseases, X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-immunoglobulin M

Question 25

Hypoalbuminemia may be caused by [ ] Myocardial infarction, malnutrition, peptic ulcer [ ] Malnutrition, severe liver disease, end-stage renal insufficiency, burns [ ] Lactose intolerance, allergy, liver disease [ ] Autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, acidosis

Answer 25

[X] Malnutrition, severe liver disease, end-stage renal insufficiency, burns

Question 26

Hypocalcemia [ ] can be caused by chronic renal failure, hypoparathyroidism(deficiency of PTH)Malabsorption syndrome [ ] Can be caused by pituitary hyperparathyroidism(Elevated PTH) [ ] Causes muscle weakness, hypotonia, decreased reflexes [ ] Causes decreased parathyroid secretions

Answer 26

[X] can be caused by chronic renal failure, hypoparathyroidism(deficiency of PTH)Malabsorption syndrome

Question 27

Hypocalcemia [ ] Can be caused by chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism (deficiency of PTH), malabsorption syndrome [ ] Can be caused by hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) [ ] Causes muscle weakness, hypotonia, decreased reflexes [ ] Causes decrease of parathormone secretion

Answer 27

[X] Can be caused by chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism (deficiency of PTH), malabsorption syndrome

Question 28

If the treatment of the disease has many severe side effects and we want to be sure not to treat healthy people it is important that we see in the diagnoses of the disease which has: [ ] High sensitivity and hight negative predictive value [ ] High specificity and high positive value [ ] Only high predictive and high...., sensitivity specifically are most important [ ] answers a and b are true

Answer 28

[X] High specificity and high positive value

Question 29

In a patient with a history of bleeding the following results were obtained: PT extended, APTT in norm, PLT in norm and TT in norm. Select the possible reasons for this result: 1. A liver disease 2. Intestinal absorption disorders 3. A renal disease 4. Treatment with apsirin 5. Oral anticoagulants with coumarin derivatives [ ] 1, 2 and 3 [ ] 1, 3 and 5 [ ] 1, 2, 3 and 5 [ ] 2, 4 and 5

Answer 29

[X] 1, 2, 3 and 5 1. A liver disease 2. Intestinal absorption disorders 3. A renal disease 5. Oral anticoagulants with coumarin derivatives

Question 30

In acidosis: [ ] pH is always below 7,35 [ ] pH is usually below 7,45 and my be within range 7.35-7,45 [ ] pH is above 7,45 [ ] pH is above 7,45 if u is respiratory acidosis

Answer 30

[X] pH is always below 7,35

Question 31

In acute pancreatitis the levbel of the followings enzymes is usually elevated: 1. Amylase in the blood 2. Amylase in the urine 3. Lipase in the blood 4. Alkaline phosphatase in the blood [ ] Only 1 is true [ ] Only 1 and 2 is true [ ] 1, 2 and 3 are true [ ] All are true

Answer 31

[X] 1, 2 and 3 are true 1. Amylase in the blood 2. Amylase in the urine 3. Lipase in the blood

Question 32

In chronic pancreatitis 1. The load of amylase in the blood is always elevated 2. The load of amylase in the blood may be elevated or not 3. Sometimes diabetes is observed in the patient 4. Alkaline phosphates in the blood is elevated [ ] Only 1 is true [ ] Only 1 and 2 is true [ ] 2 and 3 are true [ ] all are true

Answer 32

[X] 2 and 3 are true 2. The load of amylase in the blood may be elevated or not 3. Sometimes diabetes is observed in the patient

Question 33

In chronic renal insufficiency [ ] Bacteriuria is the most typical trait [ ] Erythrocytes, leukocytes, proteions, lipids are always present in the urine [ ] Bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid in the blood an in the urine are elevated [ ] Blood creatinine is elevated, hypoalbuminemia is frequently present, urine specific gravity is low

Answer 33

[X] Blood creatinine is elevated, hypoalbuminemia is frequently present, urine specific gravity is low

Question 34

In chronic renal insufficiency: [ ] Blood creatinine is elevated, hypoalbuniemia is frequently prevent: urine specific gravity is k.... [ ] Erythrocytes, leukocytes, proteins, lipids are always present in the urine [ ] Bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid in the blood and in the urine are elevated [ ] Bacteriuria is the most typical trait

Answer 34

[X] Blood creatinine is elevated, hypoalbuniemia is frequently prevent: urine specific gravity is k....

Question 35

In jaundice caused by an excessive degradation of erythrocytes [ ] Bilirubin is usually within the reference values [ ] Free (indirect) bilirubin is elevated [ ] Conjugated (direct) bilirubin is significantly elevated [ ] The type of elevated bilirubin depends on the factor causing erythrocyte degradation

Answer 35

[X] Free (indirect) bilirubin is elevated

Question 36

In order to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the new test in diagnosing a certain disease... is test was applied to 200patients with the disease present(Confirmed by other tests and to 100 subjects without disease. The results were as follows [ ] Among ill patients 180 cases the result of the test was positive and in 20 negative [ ] In healthy patients the result of the rest was positive in 5 cases and negative in 95cases [ ] ... can say that the following pertains to the test [ ] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95%

Answer 36

[X] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95%

Question 37

``` In order to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the new test to diagnosing of a certain disease this test was applied to 100 patient with the disease present (confirmed by other tests and examination) and to 200 subjects without the disease. The result were as follows: Among ill (?) patients in 90 cases the result of the test was positive and in 10 negative. In healthy patient the resilt of the test was positive in 10 cases and negative in 190 cases. ``` We can say that the following pertains to the test: [ ] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 5% [ ] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95% [ ] Sensitivity is 10%, specificity 95% [ ] Sensitivity is 66,7%, specificity 95%

Answer 37

[X] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95%

Question 38

In order to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the new test in diagnosing of a certain disease, this test was applied to 200 patient with the disease present (confirmed by "gold standard" test (sure test)) and to 200 subjects without the disease. The result were as follows: - Among ill patients in 180 cases the result of the test was positive and in 20 negative. - In healthy patient the result of the test was positive in 10 cases and negative in 190 cases. We can say that the following pertains to the test? [ ] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95% [ ] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 5% [ ] Sensitivity is 10%, specificity 95% [ ] Sensitivity is 66,7%, specificity 95%

Answer 38

[X] Sensitivity is 90%, specificity 95%

Question 39

In renal tubular acidosis usually the following is present [ ] Diminished pH of the blood, diminished pH of the urine [ ] Diminished pH of the blood, elevated pH of the urine [ ] Elevated pH of the blood, diminished pH of the urine [ ] Elevated pH of the blood, elevated pH of the urine

Answer 39

[X] Diminished pH of the blood, elevated pH of the urine

Question 40

In which case the fatherhood cannot be ruled out without additional testing [ ] The mother has blood group A Rh(+) the father has blood group B Rh (+) child blood group 0 Rh.... [ ] The mother has blood group AB Rh(+) the father has blood group B Rh (-) child blood group 0 Rh.... [ ] The mother has blood group A Rh(-) the father has blood group 0 Rh (-) child blood group 0 Rh.... [ ] The mother has blood group B Rh(+) the father has blood group B Rh (+) child blood group AB Rh....

Answer 40

[X] The mother has blood group AB Rh(+) the father has blood group B Rh (-) child blood group 0 Rh....

Question 41

In which of the following conditions the increased calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) is usually present: 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) 2. Vitamin D deficiency 3. Vitamin D oversupply 4. Hyperthyroidism [ ] Only 1 is true [ ] Only 4 is true [ ] Only 1, 2 and 4 are true [ ] Only 1 and 3 are true

Answer 41

[X] Only 1 and 3 are true 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) 3. Vitamin D oversupply

Question 42

In which of the following the inactivated calcium in the blood(Hypercalcemia) may be present: 1. Vitamin D oversupply 2. Vitamin D deficiency 3. Primary hyperparathyroidism(Elevated PTH) 4. Decreased calcitonin levels [ ] Only 1 is true [ ] Only 4 is true [ ] Only 1,2,4 is true [ ] only 1,3,4 is true

Answer 42

[X] only 1,3,4 is true 1. Vitamin D oversupply 3. Primary hyperparathyroidism(Elevated PTH) 4. Decreased calcitonin levels

Question 43

In which of the following the increased calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) is usually present: 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) 2. Vitamin D deficiency 3. Vitamin D oversupply 4. Decreased calcitonin level [ ] Only 1 is true [ ] Only 4 is true [ ] Only 1, 2 and 4 is true [ ] Only 1, 3 and 4 is true

Answer 43

[X] Only 1, 3 and 4 is true 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) 3. Vitamin D oversupply 4. Decreased calcitonin level

Question 44

Increased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase can be the effect of the following EXCEPT for [ ] Drug administration (such as barbiturates or phenytoin) [ ] Alcohol intoxication [ ] Enzyme induction by substrate [ ] Skeletal muscle dystrophy

Answer 44

[X] Skeletal muscle dystrophy

Question 45

Increased daily amount of urine (polyuria) is usually present in [ ] Deficiency of ADH, Nephrolithiasis, renal tubulopathy, hypercalciuria [ ] Psychogenic extensive intake of fluids, diabetes mellitus, deficiency of ADH [ ] All kinds of renal insufficiency and cardiac insufficiency [ ] Kidney stones, diabetes mellitus, acute renal insufficiency

Answer 45

[X] All kinds of renal insufficiency and cardiac insufficiency

Question 46

Increased level of Triacylglycerols in the blood plasma [ ] A. Can be caused by the deficiency of lipoprotein lipase [ ] B. Is associated with the enhanced activity of Apolipoprotein CII [ ] C. Is one the of the symptoms characteristic for metabolic syndrome [ ] Answers A and C are correct

Answer 46

[X] Answers A and C are correct A. Can be caused by the deficiency of lipoprotein lipase C. Is one the of the symptoms characteristic for metabolic syndrome

Question 47

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease is predicted in patients showing enhanced level of: 1. Non-HDL cholesterol 2. Fibrinogen 3. Homocysteine 4. C-reactive protein (CRP) [ ] Only 1 and 4 [ ] Only 2 [ ] Only 2, 3 and 4 [ ] All

Answer 47

[X] All 1. Non-HDL cholesterol 2. Fibrinogen 3. Homocysteine 4. C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 48

Increased titre of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies are usually observed in [ ] Coeliac disease [ ] Diseases of the pancreas [ ] Hepatitis [ ] H. pylori infection

Answer 48

[X] Coeliac disease

Question 49

Leakage of enzymes from cells can be caused by the below factors EXCEPT [ ] Cytotoxicity [ ] Hypoxia [ ] Altered enzyme production [ ] Immune mechanisms

Answer 49

[X] Hypoxia

Question 50

Metabolite acidosis [ ] May be caused by hyperventilation [ ] never may be cor....eted by respiratory system [ ] May be corrected very quickly by the kidneys [ ] Is diminished by supply in the organism of bicarbonate ( NaHCO3)

Answer 50

[X] Is diminished by supply in the organism of bicarbonate ( NaHCO3)

Question 51

Methanol intoxication [ ] Is associated with increased osmolarity gap [ ] Is associated with increased anion gap [ ] May cause blindness and death [ ] All of the above are true

Answer 51

[X] All of the above are true

Question 52

Myoglobin [ ] Is a late marker of myocardial infection [ ] Is released from injured myocardium but not from damaged skeletal muscles [ ] Is used to exclude myocardial infarction when not elevated in serum [ ] Does not increase in serum after physical exercises

Answer 52

[X] Is used to exclude myocardial infarction when not elevated in serum

Question 53

Myoglobin [ ] Is a nonspecific marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [ ] Serves as a later marker of AMI [ ] Rises above the reference level 24 hours after the occurrence of AMI [ ] Is not used in diagnosis of AMI

Answer 53

[X] Is a nonspecific marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Question 54

Oliguria(Decreased amount of urine) is usually present in: [ ] Diabetes mellitus, nephritic syndrome, acute renal insufficiency [ ] psychogenic extensive intake of fluids, diabetes mellitus, deficiency of ADH(antidiuretic hormone) [ ] All kinds of renal insufficiency [ ] Acute renal insufficiency

Answer 54

[X] Acute renal insufficiency

Question 55

Oncofetal antigens are [ ] Proteins produced during fetal life, concentration of which decreases after birth [ ] Are often re-expressed during repairs after tissue/organ injury [ ] Are often re-expressed following neoplastic transformation [ ] All are true

Answer 55

[X] All are true

Question 56

Paracetamol [ ] A: may be metabolised to toxic compounds in the organism [ ] B: should be measured in all unconscious patients with unknown history [ ] C: it is not metabolised by cytochrome p-450 [ ] both answers a) and b) are true

Answer 56

[X] both answers a) and b) are true A: may be metabolised to toxic compounds in the organism B: should be measured in all unconscious patients with unknown history

Question 57

Parathyroid hormone [ ] Decreases calcium release from the bones and increases calcium levels in the blood [ ] lack causes increased metabolism of calcium in the liver [ ] Causes a decrease of calcium levels absorption in the intestines [ ] ....... influence body calcium level in the blood in any situation

Answer 57

[X] Decreases calcium release from the bones and increases calcium levels in the blood

Question 58

Patients red blood cells gives positive reaction with anti A monoclonal antibodies. It means that: [ ] It has.......group [ ] The red blood cells have antigen A on surface [ ] It should have Anti A antibodies in the serum [ ] None of the above

Answer 58

[X] The red blood cells have antigen A on surface

Question 59

Respiratory alkalosis [ ] Can be caused by hypoventilation [ ] Always denotes that blood pH is above the normal range [ ] Can be corrected by the kidneys [ ] Is diminished by supply to the organism of bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Answer 59

[X] Can be corrected by the kidneys

Question 60

The best diagnostic test for iron deficiency in the organism is: [ ] Total iron-binding capacity [ ] Serum iron concentration [ ] Serum transferrin concentration [ ] Serum ferritin concentration

Answer 60

[X] Serum ferritin concentration

Question 61

The best diagnostic test for the evaluation of iron deficiency in the organism is? [ ] Iron concentration in serum [ ] Total iron-binding capacity in serum [ ] Ferritin concentration in serum [ ] Ferritin concentration in erythrocytes

Answer 61

[X] Ferritin concentration in serum

Question 62

The following result of blood gases analysis in the patient Means that the patient has: [ ] Respiratory acidosis, partially corrected [ ] Metabolite acidosis, uncorrected [ ] Respiratory alkalosis [ ] Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 62

[X] Metabolic alkalosis

Question 63

The following result of blood gases means that the patient has [ ] Respiratory acidosis [ ] Metabolic acidosis [ ] Respiratory alkalosis [ ] Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 63

[X] Metabolic alkalosis

Question 64

The progress of reaction rate can be monitored through measurement of [ ] The increasing concentration of the reaction substrate [ ] The decreasing concentration of the reaction substrate [ ] The decreasing concentration of the reaction product [ ] Measurement of the Michaelis constant

Answer 64

[X] The decreasing concentration of the reaction substrate

Question 65

Therapeutic drug monitoring [ ] Should be performed for most medical drugs [ ] Is indicated for drugs with lower therapeutic index [ ] Is required for all antibiotics [ ] Should not be performed for antidepressants

Answer 65

[X] Is indicated for drugs with lower therapeutic index

Question 66

Therapeutic drug monitoring should be applied for [ ] All antibiotics [ ] Some antidepressant drugs [ ] Medicinal drugs with high therapeutic index [ ] Antihypertensive drugs

Answer 66

[X] Some antidepressant drugs

Question 67

Therapeutic drug monitoring should be applied for: [ ] most medical drugs [ ] medical drugs with low therapeutic index [ ] medical drugs with high therapeutic index [ ] only antihypertensive drugs

Answer 67

[X] medical drugs with low therapeutic index

Question 68

Thyroglobulin [ ] Is the main protein transporting thyroid hormone in serum [ ] Is present in parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland [ ] Is present in colloid of thyroid follicles [ ] Is a hormone secreted by hypothalamus which stimulates pituitary gland to secrete TSH

Answer 68

[X] Is present in colloid of thyroid follicles

Question 69

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) [ ] Is secreted by the hypothalamus [ ] Is the best initial test to diagnose primary hypothyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism [ ] Is the best initial test to diagnose secondary hypothyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism [ ] Is decreased in serum in Hashimoto's disease

Answer 69

[X] Is the best initial test to diagnose primary hypothyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism

Question 70

To the acute phase proteins belong [ ] all immunoglobulins, CRP [ ] CRP, complement proteins, some coagulation system proteins [ ] amylase, lipase, CRP [ ] Only CRP

Answer 70

[X] CRP, complement proteins, some coagulation system proteins

Question 71

To the most reliable tests for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastrointestinal tract belong [ ] Test for acidity of stomach content [ ] Anti H. pylori antibodies in stool and serum amylase [ ] pH-metry study of the stomach [ ] Urea breath test, H. pylori antigen detection in the stool, culture of gastric mucosa specimens sampled during endoscopy

Answer 71

[X] Urea breath test, H. pylori antigen detection in the stool, culture of gastric mucosa specimens sampled during endoscopy

Question 72

Triiodothyronine [ ] Is the best initial test applied for the thyroid gland function evaluation [ ] Is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland [ ] Is decreases in serum in Grave's disease [ ] Is mostly produced in peripheral tissues from thyroxine

Answer 72

[X] Is mostly produced in peripheral tissues from thyroxine

Question 73

Triiodothyronine (T3) [ ] Is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland [ ] Is a prohormone [ ] Usually increases in blood serum of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis [ ] Is mainly produced in peripheral tissues by deiodination of thyroxine

Answer 73

[X] Is mainly produced in peripheral tissues by deiodination of thyroxine

Question 74

Vitamin D3 [ ] Causes a decrease of calcium release from the bones [ ] Lack causes impaired metabolism of calcium in the liver [ ] Causes an increase of calcium absorption in the intestines and release of calcium from the bones [ ] Excessive supply can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults

Answer 74

[ ] Causes a decrease of calcium release from the bones

Question 75

What is/are purpose(s) of tumor markers? [ ] Screening for cancer [ ] Determine prognosis [ ] Predict response to treatment [ ] All of above

Answer 75

[X] All of above Screening for cancer Determine prognosis Predict response to treatment

Question 76

Which is TRUE? [ ] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood; serum is plasma devoid of fibrinogen and clotting factors [ ] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood devoid of all proteins [ ] Serum is the whole aqueous solution of blood, Plasma is serum devoid of fibrinogen and clotting factors [ ] Serum is the whole aqueous solution of blood devoid of electrolytes

Answer 76

[X] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood; serum is plasma devoid of fibrinogen and clotting factors

Question 77

Which of the following can serve as tumor markers? [ ] Hormones [ ] Enzymes [ ] Both [ ] None

Answer 77

[X] Both Hormones Enzymes

Question 78

Which of the following describes tumor markers the best? [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumor tissue, or in other tissues or body fluids, the levels of which are altered in the presence of cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumor tissue or in other tissues or body fluids, the levels of which are increase din the presence of cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected exclusively in the blood, the levels if which are altered in the presence of cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, produced exclusively by tumor cells, the levels of which are increased in the presence of cancer

Answer 78

[X] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumor tissue or in other tissues or body fluids, the levels of which are increase din the presence of cancer

Question 79

Which of the following describes tumour markers the best [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumour tissue or in other tissues of body fluids, the levels of which are increased in the presence of cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected exclusively in the blood, the levels of which are altered in the presence of cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, produced exclusively by tumour cells, the levels of which are increased in the presence of the cancer [ ] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumour tissue, or in other tissues of body fluids, the levels of which are altered in the presence of cancer

Answer 79

[X] Substances that can be detected in the blood, in the urine, in the tumour tissue or in other tissues of body fluids, the levels of which are increased in the presence of cancer

Question 80

Which phenotype of Duffy system protects against malaria? [ ] Fy(a+b+) [ ] Fy(a-b+) [ ] Fy(a+b-) [ ] Fy(a-b-)

Answer 80

[X] Fy(a-b-)

Question 81

Which statement is true? [ ] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood, serum is plasma devoid of fibrinogen an... factor [ ] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood devoid of all proteins [ ] Serum is the whole aqueous solution of blood, plasma is serum devoid of fibrinogen an..... [ ] Serum is the whole aqueous solution of blood devoid of electrolytes

Answer 81

[X] Plasma is the whole aqueous solution of blood, serum is plasma devoid of fibrinogen an... factor