Final

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

The Movement of a molecule from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 2

What is the random movement played by microscopic particles suspended in fluids called?

Answer 2

Brownian Motion

Question 3

What is Osmosis

Answer 3

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 4

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 4

molecules that pass through a channel using the protein channel

Question 5

What does passive transport mean?

Answer 5

Diffusion that doesn’t require ATP energy

Question 6

What does active transport do and what does it require?

Answer 6

ATP is required and moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration

Question 7

What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?

Answer 7

Solvent is a liquid and solute is a solid

Question 8

Describe the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions

Answer 8

Hypertonic solution has a higher concentration and Hypotonic solution has lower concentration

Question 9

What would happen if a hospital IV bag was pure water?

Answer 9

Blood cells would fill up with water and burst

Question 10

What is specifically happening to plants when they wilt ?

Answer 10

The vacuole collapses water leaks out

Question 11

What are the three components involved in sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

Meiosis, fertilizations,gametes

Question 12

What is the main difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?

Answer 12

Sexual reproduction = two parents, genetically unique offspring
Asexual reproduction = one parent, clones

Question 13

What is meiosis also known as

Answer 13

reduction division

Question 14

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Answer 14

diploid has full set of chromosomes and haploid has half a set of chromosomes

Question 15

What crucial process happens in Prophase I of meiosis and what is specifically happening?

Answer 15

Crossing over and chromosomes are exchanging information

Question 16

Clearly describe the difference between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 16

Meiosis 4 genetically different cells for the purpose of reproduction
Mitosis 2 identical cells

Question 17

Where does feralization always occur?

Answer 17

At the sight of the egg

Question 18

Fertilization results in the formation of the first diploid cell of a new organism. What is this cell called?

Answer 18

Zygote

Question 19

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 19

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

Question 20

Draw a molecule of ATP.

Answer 20

Picture

Question 21

What is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration?

Answer 21

ATP retrieving

Question 22

What is the first stage of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

Answer 22

Glycolysis and in the cytosol

Question 23

In what organisms does this stage of cellular respiration occur in?

Answer 23

All Cellular organism

Question 24

What is not needed for this stage of cellular respiration to occur

Answer 24

oxygen

Question 25

Write down the substrates of this stage of cellular respiration and circle the byproducts?

Answer 25

1. Glucose 2. Glucose 6-P 3. Fructose 6-P 4. Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate 5. Glyceraldehyde 3-p (GA3P) 6. 1,3 Diphosphoglycerate 7. 3-Phosphoglyerate 8. 2-phodphoglyerate 9. Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) 10. Pryvuate 11. Dihydroxyacetoe Phosphate (DHAP) 12. Latic Acid

Question 26

Describe the difference between oxidation and reduction

Answer 26

oxidation loses electrons and reduction gains electron

Question 27

Describe both types of anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

When oxygen is not available to be the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain the NADH created in glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactic acid in bacteria and animal cells or ethanol in yeast cells.

Question 28

Give two examples of both types of anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

Alcohol fermentation- beer and bread | Latic acid fermentation- after work outs and yogurt

Question 29

What is the next stage in aerobic, cellular respiration and sometime called the "transition stage?".

Answer 29

Oxidation of pyruvate

Question 30

Where does this "transition stage" occur?

Answer 30

Mitochondria matrix

Question 31

What is the starting substrate, the end product, and the byproducts of this "transition stage"?

Answer 31

pyruvate, Acetyl, CoA

Question 32

write down the name of this cycle, where does it occur, and fill in the substrates and the enzymes and circle the byproducts

Answer 32

Kreb Cycle and mitochondrial matrix 1. Acetyl CoA 2. Citrate Synthase 3. Citrate 4. Aconitase 5. Isocitrate 6. Isocitrate D.H. 7. a- ketoglutarate 8. a- Ketoglutarate D.H. 9. Succinyl CoA 10. Succinyl CoA Synthetase 11. Succinate 12. Succinate D.H 13. Fumarate 14. Femarase 15. Malate 16. Malate D.H. 17. Oxaloacetate

Question 33

What is the last stage(stages) of cellular respiration and where does it (do they) occur?

Answer 33

1. NADH D.H. 2. Ubiquinone 3. Succinate D.H 4. Cyt. BLC 5. Cyt C 6. Cyt Oxidase 7. ATP Synthase 8. Rotor 9. Rod 10. Catalytic knob 11. Stator 12. 1/2 O2 13. H20 14. ATP

Question 34

Fill in the overall tally of ATP created during anaerobic cellular respiration. Remember that 1NADH=3ATP and 1FADH2=2Atp

Answer 34

``` Kreb Cycle= 6NADH=-18ATP Kreb Cycle= 2FADH2=4 ATP Kreb Cycle = 2 ATP =2ATP Oxidation of Pyruvate= 2NADH=6ATP Glycolysis= 2NADH=6ATP --------------------------------------------- 2ATP=(anaerobic) 36ATP= (aerobic) 38 Total ATP ```

Question 35

Give me a long definition pf photosynthesis

Answer 35

Photosynthesis: the conversion of light energy to chemical energy; glucose (sugar) is built from the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of carbon dioxide and water. Chemical energy, which was previously converted from captured light energy, is stored within the carbon/carbon bonds of glucose, and may be used by the plant directly during cellular respiration, or indirectly by animals that eat the plants. More importantly to us, during a certain reaction of photosynthesis water is split and O2 is released.

Question 36

Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells and what is chlorophy II?

Answer 36

Chloroplast and chlorophy11 is a pigment

Question 37

What are the first set of reactions of photosynthesis called and where do they occur?

Answer 37

Light dependent reactions and thylakoid membrane of chloroplast

Question 38

Fill in the illustration and circle the by product

Answer 38

1. Photosystem II (PSII) 2. Plasyiquinone (PQ) 3. Cyt b/f 4. Plastocyanin (PC) 5. Phosphoglycerate (PSI) 6. Ferredoxin (Fd) 7. NADP reductase 8. Atp Sythase 9. H20 10. 1/2 O2

Question 39

What are the second set of reactions of photosynthesis called and where do they occur?

Answer 39

Light independent reactions or Calvin cycle. Stroma of chloroplast

Question 40

What drives these reactions and what is the first one called that fixes the carbon from CO2 onto Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate?

Answer 40

Enzymes and rubisco

Question 41

What are the two goals of this second set of reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 41

To create useful carbon products including glucose and to regenerate Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate