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FMST 314 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of Intimacy

A
  • knowledge
  • interdependence
  • care
  • trust
  • responsiveness
  • mutuality
  • commitment
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2
Q

Direct Rewards

A

enjoyment, fun, attractive, money

very obvious

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3
Q

Major influences that impact relationships

A
  • culture (plays a big role in shaping)
  • experience (past impacts future)
  • individual differences (diff with other people/interactions)
  • human nature (social beings)
  • interactions (mood etc)
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4
Q

Indirect rewards

A 
more subtle (ex. having their name start with the same letter as you)
resembles them
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5
Q

How does attraction work?

A

first, make judgements to determine if we should approach
also involves current needs, goals, desires (ex. looking for spouse)
–> changes over time

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6
Q

Instrumentality

A

the phenomenon that asserts attraction is based on someone helping us meet our goals

based on partner getting you what you want

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7
Q

Proximity in Attraction

A

more likely that 2 people will meet and interact
more rewarding interactions when w/ people
-> physical attractiveness

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8
Q

Familiarity in Attraction

A

proximity incr chances 2 people will see each other more often (therefore get to know one another)

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9
Q

Convenience in Attraction

A

being close more rewarding vs them being far

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10
Q

why it is important to critically examine research on relationships?

A

research may not have the right answer since lots of differences
not same context therefore have a skeptical lens

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11
Q

why we like people who are like us

A

Base someone as a potential partner on their physical attractiveness and their probability of accepting you

Influenced by past experiences and history of rejection

partners more likely to resemble one another (demographics, attitudes/values, personalities)

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12
Q

Mate Value

A

Overall attractiveness as a reproductive partner

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13
Q

why being selective impacts potential relationships

A

better chance of having a future relationship bc offering acceptance to everyone may never find a person that shares the same values/similar personality and filter out those they aren’t compatible with.

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14
Q

how similarities between partners change over time

A

relationships change people; share more similar attitudes over time (personality doesn’t change much)

religion, division of housework, gender roles are very important to be similar

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16
Q

Fatal Attraction

A

when the quality that initially attracts one person to another gradually becomes one of the most obnoxious, irritating things about that partner

(different quality than their own)

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17
Q

stimulus-value role theory

A

we gain 3 different broad types of information about our partners as a new relationship develops

First contact -> small talk (stimulus stage)

2-7 contacts -> share attitudes/beliefs (value stage)

8 + contacts -> major life attitudes/plans (role stage)

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18
Q

first impressions (impact on interactions and relationships)

A

occur immediately

lasting impact on our interactions/relationships (not always accurate)

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19
Q

Relationship btwn intersectionality and stereotypes

A

better understand groups on how some stereotypes are developed and perpetuated. Also shows us how complex we will judge people.

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20
Q

Forming of Stereotypes

A

Taught through surroundings, media, past experiences.
Stereotyping is a cognitive process in that it involves associating a characteristic with a group, but it can also involve, lead to, or serve to justify an affective reaction toward people from other groups

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21
Q

Destiny Belief

A

meant to be

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22
Q

Relationship Beliefs

A
  • disagreements are destructive
  • mindreading is essential
  • partners cannot change
  • sex should be perfect every time
  • people are different
  • great relationships just happen
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23
Q

Influence of Perception

A

idealization: idolize partner; minimize other poor behaviours
explanations: others it’s part of them but if own behaviour it’s external reasons (self serving biases)
memories:
relationship beliefs: not usually accurate (ex. shouldn’t disagree with others, mind reading, not changing, perfect sex, men/women are different, great relationships just happen, destiny/growth belief)
expectations: self fulfilling prophecies (act in a way to make it true)
self perceptions: judgement of how we think of ourselves. more likely to act the way we think

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24
Q

stereotypes

A

preconceptions about what people are like not based on fact (judgement can be entirely incorrect )
influenced since everyone we meet fits into some category of people whom we already hold stereotypes -> unavoidable

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25
Q

Social Cognition

A

all the processes of perception, interpretation, beliefs, and memory which we evaluate and understand ourselves & other people

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26
prejudice
emotions and/or feelings toward a group (negative)
27
discrimination
acting on those prejudices (negative experience)
28
4 ways to try to manage the impressions other people have of us
self promotion: discuss accomplishments & share skills ingratiation: do favours, find common ground, compliments (do sm positive for them so they have a positive view of us) intimidation: do sm ruthless to get people to do what they want supplication: people behave in particular ways in order to illicit support from others
29
Self-monitoring (impact on interactions)
adjusting your behaviour to match the situation
30
Accuracy of the perceptions of our partners
- motivation - readability - ability to judge someone else - purposeful inaccurate perceptions - people continually shape each other’s behaviour
31
How does communication begin?
with the sender's intention, private
32
5 functions of non-verbal communication
33
Components of non-verbal communication
facial expressions, eyes and gazing behaviour, body movement, touch, interpersonal distance, smell, paralanguage
34
why nonverbal communication can be difficult to accurately interpret.
some people are better at reading people than others (nonverbal sensitivity)
35
self-disclosure
revealing personal info to someone, helps develop closeness to someone -> breadth, depth, relationship satisfaction `
36
importance of self-disclosure in intimate relationships
37
Differences in verbal communication
Topics of conversation, style of conversation, self disclosure, instrumentality (needing to be physicallly doing sm) vs expressivity (talking)
38
Common communication challenges
39
Ways to improve communication
40
Interdependence
overlapping btwn independence and dependence | able to rely on partner for each others needs
41
Rewards
42
Costs
43
Comparison level
the value of the outcome that we have to expect and that we believe we deserve when dealing with others outcomes - CL = satisfaction/dissatisfaction **CL = neutral point on a continuum of joy -> misery
44
comparison level for | alternatives
used to determine whether we could be doing better elsewhere describes lowest levels of outcome we are willing to tolerate from our current partner outcomes - CLalt = dependence/independence
45
4 types of relationships
46
impact of costs and rewards in relationships
47
approach motivation
pursue pleasure
48
avoidance motivation
seek to escape punishment
49
relationship turbulence
realtionships go through turbulence once you become serious bc learn to live your lives together but once you get know each other more the turmoil decr
50
equity in relationships
very difficult to attain but trying to strive to will ensure more satisfying relationship
51
Commitment
the desire for a relationship to continue and a willingness to maintain it -> expect relationship continuation, are future oriented, are attached to one another
52
Friendship vs Love
`
53
Aspects of social support
54
Friendships across the lifespan
young children no best freinds bc arent cognisient of hierchys friendship circle expands when you are in a serious relationship older adults's friendship circles are small and have fewer interactions but tend to be satisfied with their lives
55
Shyness
inhibited behaviour and nervous discomfort in social settings -> fear negative eval from others, poor self esteem/doubt themselves, feel less component in their interac w/ others
56
loneliness
unhappy discrepancy btwn number and quality of partnerships we want vs those we have -> occurs when we want more/more satisfying connections w/ others than we presently have
57
impact of shyness and loneliness on friendships
Shyness: create cycle of shyness worse bc may behave insocially awk ways (due to being anxious of what others think) cause neg evaluations etc
58
How have views on love changed?
culutral value, sexuality, who an love, marital status
59
history of love
marriages weren't based on love (more so an economic relationship) until about 1/2 century ago
60
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love and it's types
Commitment -> Passion -> Intimacy -> ``` Liking (intimacy) Companionate (intimacy + commitment) Empty Love (commitment) Fatuous love (commitment + passion) infatuation (passion) romantic love (passion + intimacy) consumate love (passion + intimacy + commitment) ```
61
Critique Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
62
physiological perspectives on love
we have biological systems that repond to love
63
arousal’s impact on love
can be positive or negative | when people are aroused, tend to feel stronger for the person near them (adrenaline fuels love)
64
how our thoughts can influence love
65
Sternberg's Theory vs Rubin's love scale
similar to Sternberg but Ruben added the idea that you should care for someone as well Rubin argued that love involves intimacy, dependence (passion) and caring
66
individual differences in love
culture, attachment, age, length of relationship
67
why people engage in unprotected sex
underestimate risk, faulty decision making, intoxication, pluralistic ignorance, inequalities in power, abstinence education, low self-control, concern for decr intimacy & pleasure
68
role of open communication in sexual interactions
more satisfied sex, can help manage situations when people don’t want sex
69
What is Consent
70
How is consent communicated
71
Why is consent important in sexual interactions
72
Sexual Attitudes
sex more accepting in the past 5 decades | more causal sex, sex before marriage, sex outside of committed relationships, who can have sex with who
73
trends in sexual behaviour
74
Infidelity
75
3 types of attachment
Secure: they can rely and trust on their caregiver -- responsive and caring (know they have a person they can turn to to have their needs met) --> more likely to be interdependent Avoidant: no support from caregiver (not reliable) (not providing basic needs) --> more likely to be independent Anxious-ambivalent: do not know if their caregiver will give them support (cannot predict what will happen)
76
Consensual non-monogamy
77
Sexual coercion
putting pressure or forcing someone to engage in sexual activity against the persons will verbal persuasion, substances (alcohol, roofie), threat/use of force, touching w/o consent
78
Maximal Exclusion
others banish us, send us away, abandon us
79
Maximal Inclusion
others seek us out and go out of their way to interact with us
80
Ostracism
specific form of rejection whereby someone is ignored
81
How does Ostracism impact individuals?
threaten need to belong, damage feelings of self-worth, reduce perceived control over our interactions may work harder to regain partners’ attention by being compliant and doing whichever the ostracized wants
82
Ghosting
someone disappears after you’ve been dating them
83
Breadcrumbing
messaging you every once in a while (gives hope) but disappears again
84
How does ghosting/breadcrumbing influence people
a
85
Jealousy
potential loss of a valued relationship to a real or imagined rival
86
Deception
intentional behaviour that creates an impression on the recipient that the deceiver knows to be untrue (concealing info, diverting attention, half-truths)
87
Lying
outright fabrication of information
88
Betrayal
disagreeable, hurtful actions by people we trusted and from who we reasonably did not expect such actions (infidelity, lying, gossip, teasing, breaking promises, being unsupportive) small lies/teasing depends on context
89
Forgiveness
deciding to not hold a grudge and move forward more likely to occur if a sincere apology was given, desire to continue relationship, anger/resentment are let go
90
Reactive Jealousy
occurs when someone becomes aware of an actual threat to a valued relationship
91
Suspicious Jealousy
occurs when your partner had y done anything but the other partner snoops to confirm their suspicions
92
Why is conflict inevitable
93
Factors that incr likelihood of conflict
personality, attachment style, life stages, stress, alcohol, hunger etc
94
Common types of conflict
95
Strategies of dealing with conflict
96
Ways conflict ends
97
Interdependence perspective on power
98
how do alternatives influence power
99
Various types of resources
100
Process of power
101
Styles of power
102
2 sides of power
103
3 types of violence in relationships
situational couple violence intimate terrorism violent resistance
104
3 ways relationship violence occurs
105
I3 model
instigating triggers (particular things that cause people to be on edge/frustrated) -> impelling influences (more likely partner will experience violent impulse) -> inhibiting influences (encourage partner to refrain from acting on those impulses
106
Components of I3 model
107
Reasons relationships end
108
Process of getting a divorce in Canada
109
Trends in divorce
110
Factors related to divorce
111
Millenial Divorce
Separation of a cohabitating couple. (splitting the house, car, other investments)
112
Levinger's Barrier Model
barriers are particular things that make leaving a relationship more difficult
113
Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model
114
Enduring Dynamics
115
Emergent distress
116
Disillusionment
117
People's perceptions of their problems
118
Distinctions in breakups
119
5 stages that occur during breakups
120
What happens after a breakup
121
Cognitive relationship maintenance strategies
122
Behaviour relationship maintenance strategies
123
Types of Prevention strategies (maintain & enhance relationships)
124
types of therapy
125
Which therapy would work the best for individuals/couples
the one you find most appealing
126
3 types of attachment
Secure: they can rely and trust on their caregiver -- responsive and caring (know they have a person they can turn to to have their needs met) --> more likely to be interdependent Avoidant: no support from caregiver (not reliable) (not providing basic needs) --> more likely to be independent Anxious-ambivalent: do not know if their caregiver will give them support (cannot predict what will happen)
127
Attachment Styles
our early attachment impact future interactions in relationships
128
Relationship Beliefs
``` disagreements are destructive mindreading is essential partners cannot change sex should be perfect every time people are different great relationships just happen ```
129
High self-monitoring
first, attempt to assess the situation then, behave in particular ways to meet that can switch who they are depending on who they are around, have lots of friends of diffeeent interstates ex, having gym friends, brunch friends etc
130
Growth beliefs
we can grow together, work through this etc
131
Low self-monitoring
consistent regardless of the context | don’t mold behaviour, have fewer friends (very niche) bc have a lot in common -> more specific relationships
132
Where do Knowledge of our partners come from?
motivation to get to know them readble (asses by looking at them) ability to judge someone else purposeful inaccurate perceptions (to protect ourselves) people continually shape each other's behaviour
133
Interpersonal distance
closer we stand to someone, closer we physically are to someone
134
Paralanguage
has to do with HOW words are being said vs what IS being said (ex. emphasis on certain words)
135
social exchange theory
2 people provide each other with the benefits and rewards that the other wants (rewards & costs, expectations, alternatives)
136
What is satisfying sex based on?
each person has their needs met by someone who understands & requests ones specific sexual desires values partner and being devoted to the relationship enjoy being with one another (in and out of bed)
137
Deceiver’s Distrust
we lie to other people therefore we assume others do the same therefore we don’t trust what other people are saying bc we don’t trust ourselves believe that they can get away with it and other people don’t pick up on it
138
interpersonal conflict
occurs when one’s wishes/actions obstruct or impede someone else’s wishes/actions
139
Why have divorce rates changed?
expect more from partners, marriage doesn’t hold same value, marry for love/passion, divorce more accepting, women now work outside of home (own income)
140
Ideal Selves
Most appealing partner are those who are most similar to us in mist dimension but who fit our attainable ideals in others
141
Relationship btwn intersectionality and stereotypes
better understand groups
142
primacy effect
very first impression that we form influences how we interpret and use future information
143
confirmation bias
looking for particular information to confirm perceptions
144
overconfidence (first impressions)
think we are accurate in our interpretations.
145
interpersonal gap
the senders intentions differ from the effect of the receiver

FMST 314 (1 decks)

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