Final

Question 1

Heat powers all the natural systems (tectonic rock cycle and hydrologic cycle) functioning on earth. The ENTIRE source of heat energy that powers ALL of these systems include___

Answer 1

The Sun and the heat from earths interior.

Question 2

Shields and stable interior platforms area are typically found in__

Answer 2

The interior regions of a continent

Question 3

One of the discoveries about planet orbits, which led to the modern view of the solar system, was that the orbits of the planets are__

Answer 3

Ellipses

Question 4

Man has grouped stars into constellations. Today, what is the number of accepted star constellations?

Answer 4

88

Question 5

The first MODERN ASTRONOMER to propose a sun-centered (Heliocentric) universe was__

Answer 5

Nicolaus Comericus

Question 6

All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation

Answer 6

1. The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurment. 2.The development of 1 or more working hypotheses ot models to explain facts. 3. Development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses.

Question 7

The explanation of how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gas and dispersed solid particles is called the__

Answer 7

Nebular Theory

Question 8

The four interacting spheres of the earth that all the geologist speak of are the__

Answer 8

Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Geosphere

Question 9

In correct order, list the layers from the center of the earth by chemical composition outward to the surface.

Answer 9

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 10

The composition of the earth’s inner core is thought to be composed of__

Answer 10

Solid iron-nickel

Question 11

Of the layers of earth according to composition, the thinnest layer of the earth is the___

Answer 11

Crust

Question 12

The relativley cool, brittle tectonic plates are made up of the crust and the upper brittle (hard) mantle. These two units together are called the___

Answer 12

Lithosphere

Question 13

Which energy source is thought to drive the lateral motions of the earth’s plates in the plate tectonic movement?

Answer 13

Export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the athenosphere (Convection)

Question 14

The most prominent and largest features (also longest) on the ocean floor are__

Answer 14

Oceanic ridges

Question 15

This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits called the law of universal gravitation__

Answer 15

Sir Isaac Newton

Question 16

This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy and who also noted topography on the moon__

Answer 16

Galileo Galilei

Question 17

Three laws of planetary motion (Indicating elliptical orbits) were discovered by__

Answer 17

Johannes Kepler

Question 18

In the Ptolemaic (early Greek) model of the universe__

Answer 18

Earth was in the center of the solar system.

Question 19

The apparent westward “drift” of the planets compared to the background star is called__

Answer 19

Retrograde Motion

Question 20

The average distance from earth to the sun (93 Million miles) is called the__

Answer 20

Astronomical Unit

Question 21

The position of the sun, earth, and moon during a solar eclipse__

Answer 21

Earth - Moon - Sun

Question 22

Pluto is now classified as a ___ in our solar system

Answer 22

Dwarf planet

Question 23

The meteorite thought to be analogous in composition to the earth core is___

Answer 23

Iron

Question 24

Compared to Earths atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are___

Answer 24

0.1 times those of Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide.

Question 25

This planet has the great, dark red spot on its surface.

Answer 25

Jupiter

Question 26

Which condition is NOT found on Mars?

Answer 26

H2O-rich atmosphere

Question 27

The surface features of this terrestrial planet are known only through satellite radar mapping.

Answer 27

Venus

Question 28

The largest known volcano in the solar system is___

Answer 28

Olympus Mons on Mars

Question 29

Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar system. How massive is it compared to all the other planets?

Answer 29

2.5 times more massive than all other planets, satellites, and asteroids combined.

Question 30

Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the moon are known as___

Answer 30

Lunar Maria

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of electromagnetic radiation A. Radio waves B. Gravity C. Gamma Waves D. Visible Light E. X-Rays

Answer 31

Gravity

Question 32

The type of spectrum created by an ordinary light bulb is___

Answer 32

Continuous spectrum

Question 33

To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ____ applied to light waves.

Answer 33

The Doppler Principle

Question 34

The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observations was___

Answer 34

Galileo

Question 35

What is NOT and advantage that radio telescopes have over optical telescopes?

Answer 35

They have better resolution

Question 36

The Greeks charted 7 wanderers that moved across the sky. Select the body from the list that was NOT one of the 7 Wonderers. A. Mars B. Jupiter C. Uranus D. Venus

Answer 36

Uranus

Question 37

The sun's normal surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright dot-like markings called__

Answer 37

Granules or granulations of the surface.

Question 38

Streams of protons and electrons emitted form the sun and traveling outward away from the sun produce what is called___

Answer 38

The Solar Wind

Question 39

Select the planet that is NOT a Jovian planet. A. Neptune B. Saturn C. Venus D. Uranus

Answer 39

Venus

Question 40

Silicon is a common element in many of Earth's minerals. What is its Atomic Number?

Answer 40

14

Question 41

Borons Atomic Number symbol is B, what is its Atomic Number?

Answer 41

5

Question 42

Copper has the Atomic Symbol Cu. How many protons are in the Nucleus of every copper atom.

Answer 42

29

Question 43

Helium, Neon, and Argon are noble gases. They do not combine with other elements because___

Answer 43

They have a complete octet of electrons in the outer electronic ball.

Question 44

What is the lowest estimated crystallization temp for granite?

Answer 44

600°c

Question 45

The age of the Earth is___

Answer 45

4.6 Billion years old

Question 46

Nebular Theory

Answer 46

About 5 billion years ago a giant rotating cloud consisting primarily of Hydrogen and Helium started to compact into a flat disk shape with a protosun in the middle. Inner planet formed rocky/metallic clumps, and out planets formed with fragments mostly of ice.

Question 47

Atmosphere

Answer 47

One half lies below 3.5 miles

Question 48

4 Bonds

Answer 48

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, and Van Der Waals

Question 49

Mohs Hardness scale.

Answer 49

Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Orthoclase, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond

Question 50

Geocentric Theory

Answer 50

Earth is the center of the universe.

Question 51

Nicolaus Copernicus. Tycho Brahe. Johannes Kepler. Galileo Galilei. Sir Isaac Newton.

Answer 51

Earth as a planet, sun centered universe. -Precise observer, discounted Copernicus System. - Planets revolve around sun, Law of equal areas. - Constructed the telescope. - Law of universal gravitation.

Question 52

Astronomical Unit

Answer 52

1 AU is the distance between the earth and the sun. 150 Million Km or 93 Million Mi.

Question 53

Lunar Eclipse

Answer 53

Moon - Earth - Sun

Question 54

Terrestrial Planets

Answer 54

Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars.

Question 55

Jovian Planets

Answer 55

Jupiter. Saturn. Uranus. Neptune.

Question 56

How old is the moon.

Answer 56

4.5 Billion years.

Question 57

What kind of atmosphere does Venues have?

Answer 57

97% Carbon dioxide.

Question 58

Two Martian Moons

Answer 58

Phobos, and Deimos

Question 59

Who discovered Saturn's rings?

Answer 59

Galileo in 1610

Question 60

4 major categories for meteorites.

Answer 60

IRONS- mostly iron, 5-20% nickel. STONY- Silicate minerals, inclusion of other minerals. STONY-IRONS- Mixtures. CARBONACEOUS CHRONDITES- rare, simple amino acids and other organic materials.