Final

Question 1

Characteristics of Engelmann spruce

Answer 1

square needles, long papery cones

Question 2

characteristics of Ponderosa Pine

Answer 2

large, fat cones, long 3-fascicled needles

Question 3

GB bristlecone pine

Answer 3

clumped needles go a long ways back on the branches

Question 4

white fir

Answer 4

upright cones on branches, green cones, flat needles pointing up, not fascicled

Question 5

douglas - fir

Answer 5

(pseudozuga = false hemlock) mouse tails, needles don’t always point up

Question 6

Class G airspace

Answer 6

general, no restrictions

Question 7

class E airspace

Answer 7

everywhere at 12000’ AGL unless special restriction: thick tapered maroon = 700’, dotted maroon = at surface

Question 8

Class B airspace

Answer 8

Denoted by solid blue lines. “big city” or “busy” most restrictive airspace

Question 9

Class D airspace

Answer 9

“dinky” or diminutive, marked by dotted blue line

Question 10

Class C airspace

Answer 10

“city” controlled airpsace, has control tower. Marked by majenta line

Question 11

rocky mountain juniper

Answer 11

smaller berries in clumps

Question 12

When do you need a categorical exclusion in NEPA

Answer 12

maintenance you’re going to do but won’t have a big impact

Question 13

When do you need an environmental assessment in NEPA

Answer 13

an action not believed to cause significant environmental effects

Question 14

When do you need an EIS in NEPA

Answer 14

a project that will have significant environmental effects

Question 15

Who makes the final decision in the NEPA process?

Answer 15

The district ranger

Question 16

How does upland vegetation effect the health of the watershed

Answer 16

affects infiltration rates and slows erosion

Question 17

Characteristics of healthy streams

Answer 17

steep, undercut banks. abundant riparian vegetation

Question 18

Two causes of erosion

Answer 18

lack of vegetation, increasing slope

Question 19

Why are horses so bad for watersheds?

Answer 19

non-cloven hooves compact soil. They are very heavy. They eat a lot bc hindgut fermenters. They are not managed. Horses are territorial.

Question 20

What is the history of the beaver in the Great Basin?

Answer 20

fur trappers decreased their numbers but farmers (pioneers) finished them off by destroying their dams

Question 21

Evidence of past overgrazing

Answer 21

upland vegetation abutting streambank

inset floodplains and cutbanks

Question 22

why is the GSL salty?

Answer 22

calcareous soils formed from limestone formed under a shallow ocean

Question 23

Know the definition of remote sensing

Answer 23

the acquisition of information about an object without coming into direct contact with it

Question 24

Raster definition

Answer 24

simple grid structure. Each cell assigned one value. Simple data structure, faster to use

Question 25

Vector definition

Answer 25

points, lines and polygons. more complex data structure.

Question 26

LANDSAT features

Answer 26

30x30M resolution, 8 day temporal resolution. Smaller data file. Has more bands

Question 27

three causes of conflicts

Answer 27

1. information (we can fix this with good science) 2. interests 3. values

Question 28

Conflict resolution

Answer 28

information fixes this. win/win

Question 29

conflict management

Answer 29

requires compromise, everyone comes away with something

Question 30

(conflict) litigation

Answer 30

negative experience for all, no one goes away happy

Question 31

(conflict) violence

Answer 31

if people are really unhappy about something, it may come to this.

Question 32

Strategies for protecting forests

Answer 32

Large-scale homogeneity (scale of 10s of Ks) and medium-scale heterogeneity (10s to 100s of meter)

Question 33

Problems associated with NEPA

Answer 33

- adds considerably to the cost of doing projects. Less gets done - adds a lot of time to projects - makes decision making a public process

Question 34

Rapid development of drone-releated technology

Answer 34

2003: drones first experimentally used for rangeland management 2006: first commercial use of drones 2017: Over 60,000 remote pilot certificate holders

Question 35

Rapid development of drone-releated technology

Answer 35

2003: drones first experimentally used for rangeland management 2006: first commercial use of drones 2016: FAA requires drone fliers to acquire permits 2017: Over 60,000 remote pilot certificate holders

Question 36

Rapid development of drone-releated technology

Answer 36

2003: drones first experimentally used for rangeland management 2006: first commercial use of drones 2016: FAA requires drone fliers to acquire permits 2017: Over 60,000 remote pilot certificate holders

Question 37

Impacts of homogenizing forests

Answer 37

Not aesthetically pleasing, habitat loss for certain species, forests become more vulnerable to stresses, decrease long-term yield

Question 38

Name some projections, their strengths and weaknesses

Answer 38

Planar projection - projects a small area of the spheroid onto a flat plane. This projection is good when the area of interest is small Lambert's conformal - This projection preserves angles, but distorts sizes and shapes. It's a good one to use for navigating Mercator - a cylindrical projection with the poles parallel to the long edge of the cylinder. Does not represent the poles well, so best suited for representing areas near the equator Transverse Mercator - a cylindrical projection with the poles perpindicular to the long edge of the cylinder. Good for representing N-S oriented objects. Equidistant projection - preserves all distances, but distorts shapes and sizes. Good for navigating when determinig distances is of most importance