Final

Question 1

• Speech sound disorder (SSD)

Answer 1

• occurs when difficulties making certain sounds continue past a certain age (The age ranges vary depending on sounds)
• problems with articulation (producing sounds) and phonological processes (sound patterns)

Question 2

• Articulation disorder

Answer 2

• atypical production of speech sounds characterized by substitutions, omissions, or distortion that may interfere with intelligibility
• involves physical or motor movement problems making sounds

Question 3

• Phonological disorder

Answer 3

• impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations.
• closely related to the other areas of the language system.
• Delayed phonological development may occur with delayed lexical and grammatical development

Question 4

• Hearing impaired

Answer 4

consonants, vowels, and prosody

Question 5

• Cleft Palate

Answer 5

hypernasality, oral motor exam

Question 6

• Intellectual Disability

Answer 6

naturalistic approach, language-based intervention

Question 7

• Cerebral palsy

Answer 7

same as dysarthria

Question 8

• CAS and acquired apraxia of speech

Answer 8

problems with motor plan and program, inconsistent errors, no muscle problem, diadochokinetic rates, intensive repetition of syllable/word production therapy

Question 9

• Dysarthria

Answer 9

problems with motor execution (muscle movements), consistent errors (hyper or hypo), diadochokinetic rates, muscle strengthening treatment

Question 10

Age of mastery of consonants

Answer 10

• by 3-4 years – stops, nasals, glides
• 5-6 years – easy fricatives, affricates
• 7 years – r, s, z; by 8y+ clusters

Question 11

Age of elimination of phonological processes

Answer 11

3 years – reduplication, final consonant deletion, assimilation
4-5 years – fronting, stopping, weak syllable deletion, cluster reduction
6 years – gliding

Question 12

phonological awareness

Answer 12

ability to identify sounds in words (important for literacy)

• how many syllables?
• what is final sound?

Question 13

Levels of representation of phonetics vs. phonology

Answer 13

Phonetics: one level (surface level)
Phonology: 2 levels (surface level and underlying level)

Question 14

Linear vs. Non-linear phonology

Answer 14

Linear: sequence (equal value)

Non-linear: multiple levels (more important/ less important features)

Question 15

What are the diagnostic signals of articulation-based SSD?

Answer 15

-difficulty with 1 or 2 sounds

Question 16

What are the diagnostic signals of phonological-based SSD?

Answer 16

• difficulty in phonemic contrast

- speech errors are patterned

Question 17

Auditory stimulation

Answer 17

say sound and have them repeat

Question 18

phonetic placement methods

Answer 18

teach them where articulators are placed

Question 19

sound modification method

Answer 19

guiding them to change known sound to target sound

Question 20

Selecting target sounds for minimal

Answer 20

Early developing sounds
Sounds that affect the child’s intelligibility the most
Stimulable sounds

-for mild or moderate phonological disorders

Question 21

Selecting target sounds for maximal

Answer 21

Two sounds that are not in the child’s inventory
Non-stimulable sounds are preferred

-for moderate to severe phonemic based disorders

Question 22

Selecting target sounds for multiple

Answer 22

Good approach if a child collapses multiple phonemes into one phoneme
-Effective for children with severe SSD

Question 23

How to structure Cycles therapy

Answer 23

5-6 target sounds for a cycle, treat only one sound during a session, 60 minutes intervention for each sound, 3-6 cycles needed to see some progress

Question 24

Cycle Therapy is appropriate for what type of population?

Answer 24

For highly unintelligible children (severe to profound)

Question 25

/s/ remediation – what are the tongue shapes/positions?

Answer 25

• Apico-alveolar (Tongue tip up) - more common

- Predorsal-alveolar (Tongue tip down behind the lower incisors) may have a therapeutic merit (ex. lateral /s/)

Question 26

/r/ remediation – what are the tongue shapes/positions?

Answer 26

• Retroflex /r/(Tongue tip is curled up)

- Bunched /r/ (Tongue tip down while central portions of the tongue body are elevated toward the palate)

Question 27

Articulation based therapy sequence

Answer 27

Step 1. Sensory perceptual training – also called auditory training or ear training
Step 2. Production of the sound in isolation***
Step 3. Production in nonsense syllables
Step 4. Production in words
Step 5. Production in structured contexts (phrases/sentences)
Step 6. Production in spontaneous speech

Question 28

t

Answer 28

voiceless alveolar stop consonant

Question 29

k

Answer 29

voiceless velar stop consonant

Question 30

n

Answer 30

voiced alveolar nasal consonant

Question 31

s

Answer 31

voiceless alveolar fricative consonant

Question 32

fancy s

Answer 32

voiceless palatal fricative consonant

Question 33

t fancy s

Answer 33

voiceless palatal affricate consonant

Question 34

l

Answer 34

voiced alveolar lateral approximant consonant

Question 35

j

Answer 35

voiced palatal glide consonant