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Final Flashcards

(143 cards)

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1
Q

Two phase systems in which on liquid is dispersed throughout the other in the form of small droplets

A

Emulsion

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2
Q

Migration (surfacing or settling) of droplets

A

Creaming

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3
Q

Merging of droplets, separation of phases

A

Cracking (coalescence)

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4
Q

Continuous phase

A

External Phase

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5
Q

Discontinuous phase

A

Internal Phase

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6
Q

Where does flavoring go?

A

External Phase

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7
Q

Where does drug go?

A

Internal Phase

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8
Q

Internal medication should be made as a _____ emulsion

A

oil in water

OWI

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9
Q

External medication should be made as a ______ emulsion

A

water in oil

WOE

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10
Q

Micelles form which type of emulsion

A

oil in water

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11
Q

Soaps form which type of emulsion

A

water in oil

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12
Q

Non emulsion drug in oil

A

Progesterone

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13
Q

Gums form which type of emulsion

A

oil in water

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14
Q

Oleic acid form which type of emulsion

A

water in oil

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15
Q

Surfactants have

____ viscosity

A

low

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16
Q

HLB index for water in oil emulsions

A

1-9

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17
Q

HLB index for oil in water emulsions

A

9-20

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18
Q

Surfactant should be 15% w/v of ____ phase

A

internal

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19
Q

Peripheral access devices

A

Butterflies
Angio catheters
Midlines
Subcutaneous catheters

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20
Q

SASH flushing

A

Central lines

Implantable ports

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21
Q

SAS flushinng

A

Peripheral lines

Positive pressure caps

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22
Q

Choice of venous access device

A 
Patient location
Duration / Type of therapy
Method of insertion
Drug characteristics
Maintenance of line
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23
Q

TPN indivations

A

Intractable vomiting
Diarrhea
Bowel obstruction
Bowel rest

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24
Q

TPN components

A 
Amino acid 
Dextrose
Lipid
Condiments (vitamins, trace metals, electrolytes)
Water
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25
Additional additives in TPN
Vitamin K Insulin Trace Metals Multivitamins
26
1 oz in grams
28.35 g
27
1 apothecary oz in grams
31.1 g
28
1 fl. oz in grams
29.57 ml
29
1 g in grains
15.43 grains
30
1 kg in lbs
2.205 lbs
31
1 inch in cm
2.54 cm
32
1 gallon in oz
128 oz
33
1 gallon in cups
16 cups
34
1 cup in oz
8 oz
35
Liquids combining with insoluble powders
Levigate
36
Physical and/or chemical modification of a substance resulting in a drug/dosage form which is suitable for administration to a patient
Compounding
37
Reasons for compounding
Drug or dosage form not commercially available Dose unavailable Patient comfort and compliance
38
Compounding pursuant to a specific patient, for a specific prescription, for 1 dispensing of the prescription
Extemporaneous compounding
39
Compounding ahead of time in anticipation of outstanding refills or unfilled orals rx's
Batching
40
Compounding for long term inventory and sale, special law, inspection, industrial regulation
Manufacturing
41
Extent to which a rx preparation remains within specified limits in terms of chemical composition, physical composition, microbiologic activity
Stability
42
Drugs the need to be refined
Salicylic acid Calamine Zinc oxide Sulfur ppt
43
Mass of powders to be mixed differ by a factor greater than 3
Geometric trituration
44
Contain waters of hydration
Efflorescent powders
45
Subject to moisturization from ambient humidity
Hygroscopic powders
46
Hygroscopic but will dissolve forming an water solution
Deliquescent powders
47
Combination of two or more substances with lower melting point together than alone
Eutectics
48
How to find sensitivity
M = S/A
49
Amount of alcohol allowed for children < 6
0.5%
50
Amount of alcohol allowed for children 6-12
5%
51
Amount of alcohol allowed for children < 12
10%
52
20% rule
Must use 20% of device for accurate measurement
53
Suspensions can be given IV True or False
False
54
``` Suspensions are ___ stable ___ concentration ___ alcohol compared to solutions ```
more stable higher concentrations no alcohol
55
Ratio strength | 1:10
1 part drug for 10 total parts
56
Part strength | 1:10
1 part drug for 10 parts of another drug
57
Sedimentation rate ____ particle size ____ particle density ____ suspension viscosity
directly directly indirectly viscosity
58
10% rule
If inserting more than 10% of bags volume need to withdraw fluid first
59
Semi solid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes
Ointments
60
The process of combining semi solid masses
Incorporation
61
Levigating agents
Low molecular weight version of the base or a low viscosity agent compatible with th base
62
Solubilization agents should be
compatible with base | facilitate compounding with efficiency
63
Semi solid dosage form containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base
Creams
64
Semi solid systems containing of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
Gels
65
Semi solid dosage forms the contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application, high viscosity, with >20% w/v of powder
Pastes
66
Ideal ointment
Spreads easily, compatible with tissues, stable
67
Types of ointment bases
``` Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous Anhydrous absorption Water in oil emulsion Oil in water emulsion Water soluble ```
68
Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous | properties
``` Water insoluble Not water washable Anhydrous Does not absorb water Emollient Occlusive Greasy ```
69
Anhydrous Absorption | properties
``` Water insoluble Not water washable Anhydrous Absorbs water Emollient Occlusive Greasy ```
70
Water in oil emulsion | properties
``` Water insoluble Not water washable Not Anhydrous Absorbs water ~ Emollient Occlusive Greasy ```
71
Oil in water emulsion
``` Water insoluble Water washable Not Anhydrous Absorbs water ~ Not Emollient Not Occlusive Not Greasy ```
72
Water soluble | properties
``` Water soluble Water washable Anhydrous Absorbs water ~ Not Emollient Not Occlusive Not Greasy ```
73
Examples of Hydrocarbon/oleaginous
Petrolatum Animal fats / oils Vegtable oils
74
Examples of Anhydrous
Aquaphor (hydrophilic petrolatum) Lanolin (Anhydrous)
75
Examples of Oil in Water emulsions
Hydrophilic ointment Vanishing cream Dermabase
76
Examples of Water in Oil emulsions
``` Hydrous lanolin Cold cream Rose water Eucerin Hydrocream ```
77
Examples of water soluble
PEG
78
Suppository size for adults
2 grams 13 mm - 7 mm 23 -35 mm length
79
Suppository size for children
1 g | pencil shape
80
Ideal base for suppository
Stable, non irritating, chemically and physiologically inert, compatible with a variety of drugs, melt or dissolve in rectal fluids
81
Suppository base of choice when not specified
PEG
82
Green Soap for
Cocoa butter | Fattibase
83
Mineral oil for
PEG Polybase Glycerin
84
Ways to make suppositories
Hand rolling Compression (inject molding) Fusion (mold)
85
Compounding considerations for suppositories
Avoid water Density of incorporated materials Volume contraction Rate of drug release
86
Suppository | Oil soluble drug with oily base has ___ absorption
Slow
87
Suppository | Water soluble drug with oily base has ___ absorption
Rapid
88
Suppository | Oil soluble drug with water miscible base has ___ absorption
Moderate
89
Suppository | Water soluble drug with water miscible base has ___ absorption
Moderate
90
Oily bases will ___
Melt
91
Water soluble bases will ___
Dissolve
92
Mold calibration value is specific to
Mold | Base
93
How to calculate mold calibration
Make pure base suppositories Weight Divide To get g/suppository
94
Density factor specific to
Base | Drug
95
How to calculate density factor
``` Pure base suppositories Weight Divide by total Weight out powder corresponding to 20% of total mass Remelt and add powder Recast and weight ```
96
Density factor relationship Density of base A --------------------------- Density of base B
Equals DF of drug x in base B --------------------------------- DF of drug x in base A
97
Density factor =
drug / base displaced
98
Parenteral products must be sterile True or false
True
99
Sterility means
Freedom from all living organisms | An absolute term
100
Types of gloves
Latex Vinyl Synthetic
101
Gown material
Tyvek
102
Horizontal flow hood (LAFS)
Air moving towards pharmacist
103
Vertical flow hood (BSC)
Air moving toward ground | Better for chemo
104
Disadvantage to hoods
False sense of security
105
Lipopolysaccharides, soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
Pyrogens
106
How to eliminate pyrogens
dry heat chemically 0.22 micron filteer
107
Stability maintenance
Antioxidants - metabisulfite and sulfite ions, nitrogen, CO, helium
108
Process of rapid freezing and drying under high vacuum (sublimation) and product is a ry powder
Lyophilization
109
Peripheral advantages
veins easy to access drugs can be admin quickly administration is easy to see
110
Central advantages
rapid infusion of large volumes measure CVP eliminates repeat peripheral venipuncture
111
Peripheral disadvantages
Short term access immobilization of the limb less forgiving tonicity extremes
112
Central disadvantages
complications decrease in patient mobility surgical implant
113
Sterile | H2O insoluble
dead organism, parts of dead, metabolic products
114
Sterile | H2O soluble
lipopolysaccharides, metabolic products
115
Sterile solids
sterile drug | no buffers, no diluents, no added substances
116
Drug for injection
contains buffers, diluents, added substances
117
Combination of two or more parenteral dosage forms for administration as a single entity
Admixture
118
Ampules
Do not require preservatives | Contamination by glass shards
119
Resistance ____ with decreasing tubing diameter ____ with increasing length of tubing
Increases | Increases
120
SVP
< 150
121
LVP
> 150
122
Type I Glass
``` Borosilicate glass Resistance to H2O attack Highly chemically stabile Low thermal expansion coefficient Resistance to thermal shock May be sterilized before or after filling ```
123
Type II Glass
Glass is treated with soda lime Sterilization with dry heat prior to filling is preferred pH <7 Suitable for solutions, powders, oils
124
Type III Glass
Soda lime glass Sterilization with dry heat prior to filling is required pH < 7 Suitable for solutions, powders, oils
125
5 micron
Most non living
126
1.2 micron
filters most non living and candida
127
0.45 micron
filters gross particulates, most fungi and bacteria
128
0.22 micron
filter all except pyrogens or viruses
129
Hickman
requires heparin flush
130
Broviac
identical to Hickman, single lumen
131
Groshong
silicon rubber, long term CV access, Heparin allergy
132
Port Chamber
entire system is beneath skin
133
Type A Cabinet
70% back into cabinet | Positive pressure
134
Type B1 Cabinet
30% back into cabinet | Negative pressure
135
Type B2 Cabinet
100% vented outside | Negative pressure
136
Typ B3 Cabinet
70% through HEPA | Negative pressur
137
Organic matrix can be interrupted by
heat and alcohol
138
Capacity of eye
1 gtt | 50 mg
139
Tolerable pH range
6. 5 - 8.5 | 7. 4
140
Tonicity range
200 - 600 | 277
141
V-value
Water to dissolve 300 mg of drug
142
Water freezing point depression
1.86 degrees C / M
143
Temperature conversion
1.8 C = F - 32

Compounding (1 decks)

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