Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cultural Antropology > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Culture

A

a set of beliefs, practices, and symbols that are learned and shared. Together, they form an all-encompassing, integrated whole that binds people together and shapes their worldview and lifeways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Different anthropological perspectives

A

Relativistic Perspective, Comparative Perspective, Holistic Perspective, Culture Concept, Methodological Approach, Reflexivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Holism Perspective

A

Understanding that elements of a culture are interrelated and should be understood with context, the WHOLE picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

we should seek to understand another person’s beliefs and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reflexivity

A

can never be truly objective; there are multiple ways to interpret any given cultural scenario

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Comparative Perspective

A

identify ways in which different aspects of culture compare across different societies over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Culture Concept

A

understand what culture is and how it shapes how human experience, perceive and act in the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

assumption that one’s own way of doing things is correct and others are wrong and ignorant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Armchair Anthropology

A

studying culture through someone else’s perspective, secondhand information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

linguistic relativity

A

language influences thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 core ethical guidelines

A

do no harm, obtain informed consent, retain anonymity and privacy, make results accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

participant observation

A

fieldwork, fully immerse yourself into another culture, firsthand information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functionalism

A

everything in society has a reason
-doesn’t account for change and justifies bad stuff like inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structural functionalism

A

looking at structures in society and how it effects culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interview

A

Any systematic conversation with an informant to collect field research data, ranging from highly structured set of questions to the most open-ended ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

numbers and data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

observation and descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of interviews

A

highly structured, systematic surveys, open ended interviews
informal interview, unstructured interview, semi-structured interview, structural interview

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mixed Methods

A

using multiple ways to conduct a study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genealogical Method

A

recording kinship relations and how kin terms are used in different societies. Key in understanding relationship in societies where political, economic and social institutions are based on kinship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Life History Research

A

any survey of an informant’s life; residence, occupation, marriage, family, and difficulties
-can reveal how societies change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Action Research

A

the goal of a researcher’s involvement in a community is to help social change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Participatory Action

A

research questions, data collection and analysis are a collaboration between researcher and subject
Goal: subjects to develop the capacity to investigate and take action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Languaculture

A

-language encodes culture and provides the means through which culture is shared and passed down from one generation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Wesch's view on languaculture
language shapes how you see the world -change your language, you change your world
26
Edward Spair and Benjamin Whorf Hypothesis
language influences thought -studies Hopi people, said they don't have words for time, so it doesn't exist for them (DISCREDITIED)
27
one-drop rule
any trace of known or recorded nonwhite ancestry excludes a person to being classified as white
28
Descriptive interview questions
-grand tour-questions- who, what, when, where, why -mini-tour questions- more in detail -example questions- specific example - experience questions- personal experience
29
Pre-interview things
1. Explicit Purpose 2. Ethnographic Explanations 3. Ethnographic questions
30
Interview Structure
- introduction - asking friendly questions - grand tour and mini tour questions - asking hypothetical questions - taking leave
31
Economics
focuses primarily on market exchanges
32
Economic anthropology
examines the production, exchange, consumption, meaning, and uses of both material objects and immaterial services
33
mode of production
social relations through which human labor is used to transform energy from nature using tools, skills, organization, and knowledge
34
means of production
resources used to produce goods in a society (like farming and factories
35
exchange
ways to integrate economics and social relations and distribute material goods
36
consumption
process of buying, eating, or using a resource, food, commodity or service - forms of behavior that connect out economic activity with cultural symbols that give our lives meaning
37
modes of production
domestic, tributary, capitalist
38
domestic production
-foragers and small-scale farmers -organized on basis of kinship relations -characterized by 1. collective ownership 2. low social domination rates 3. sharing
39
Tributary production
-classes of rulers and subjects -produce for themselves, but give a portion to their rulers -organized by kinship
40
Capitalist production
-economic system based on private property owned by capitalist class -workers don't own the means of production, so they sell their labor -by keeping wages low, capitalist are able to sell the products of the worker's labor for more than it costs to produce
41
Modes of Exchange
- market exchange - reciprocity - re-distribution
42
Reciprocity
involves the exchange of goods and services rooted in a mutual sense of obligation and identity
43
Marcel Mauss on reciprocity
-humans feel obligated to reciprocate gifts -gifts are about social relations -moral economy
44
moral economy
the process through which customs, cultural values, beliefs, and social coercion influence our economic behavior
45
Types of reciprocity
generalized- giving without expecting something specific balanced- exchange with expectation of something of equal value will be returned negative- attempted to get something for nothing
46
redistribution
accumulation of goods or labor by a person or institution for the purpose of dispersal at a later date
47
markets
social institutions with prices or exchange equivalences - regulated by supply and demand
48
political economy
an approach in anthropology that investigates the historical evolution of economic relationship
49
gender ideology
complex set of beliefs about gender and gender capacities, propensities, preferences, identities, and socially expected behaviors
50
shifting gender norms
-gender expectations shift with changes in culture -also varies with one's age/stage in life/social role
51
Matrilineal
mother's side is "family"
52
Bilateral
both sides considered family
53
Patrilineal
father's side is family
54
Religion broad definiton
means by which human society is expanded to include the nonhuman
55
4 basic principles of religion
1. all religions are true 2. no religion is true 3. religious beliefs are a consequence of time and place 4. morality and spirituality can exist without the supernatural
56
6 Theories of religion
functional, social, power, psychological, economic, symbolic
57
Functional approach of religion
religion is born out of problems of human life
58
social approach of religion
difference between sacred and profane objects
59
power approach of religion
religion helps justify inequalities in power and status
60
psychological approach of religion
keeps us from acting on our worst instincts
61
economic approach of religion
symbols represent cultural ideals and reinforce values
62
elements of religion
-cosmology: explanation of world origin -belief in the supernatural -rules governing behavior -rituals
63
early signs of religion
-burials with sone tools, shells, and animal bones -cave paintings with animals and abstract images -Venus's figurine sculptures
64
types of rituals
-rites of passage: transition between life stages -rites of intensification: designed to bring a community together -revitalization rituals: solving serious problems through supernatural intervention
65
Biocultural Perspective and anthropology
-change from forging to agriculture resulted in dense populations and water problems -domestication of animals brought infectious diseases -urban life made infectious disease spread rapidly, but also conferred some resistance
66
Four ethno-etiologies
biomedical, personalistic, naturalistic, emotionalistic
67
biomedical ethno-etiology
illnesses are a result of specific, identifiable agents. Health=the absence of disease
68
personalistic ethno-etiology
disease results from aggressive and purposeful supernatural acts
69
naturalistic ethno-etiology
disease results from natural forces and an upset in the balance of body elements
70
emotionalist ethno-etiology
disease is caused by emotional problems
71
Techniques for healing
- humoral: restoring balance to the body - communal: relies on support and collaboration of others - faith and the placebo effect
72
Disease
medical condition that can be objectively identified
73
Illness
subjective or personal experience of being unwell, given meaning by the person and their community effects in your community from disease

Cultural Antropology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions