Final

Question 1

What starts the heartbeat?

Answer 1

The sinus nodes, which makes the AV nodes work

Question 2

What does the Atrioventricular do?

Answer 2

Squeezes the ventricles

Question 3

What do the heart valves do?

Answer 3

Open and close for the blood to move

Question 4

How many valves are in the heart and what are they?

Answer 4

4 valves, 2 AV valves and 2 SL (semilunar)

Question 5

What do valves do?

Answer 5

They prevent. the backward. flow of blood

Question 6

What is the Atrioventricular?

Answer 6

sends blood between the atrium and the ventricle, including the tricuspid and the mitral valve

Question 7

What is the semilunar?

Answer 7

Looks like a 1/2 moon, and sends blood out of the heart, including the Pulmonic valve, Aortic valve

Question 8

What is the order of the blood flow?

Answer 8

1. Blood comes to the heart needing oxygen - enters through the vena cava or the inferior vena cava
2. The pulmonary artery. sending blood to the lungs for oxygen
3. Lungs. oxygenate the blood and send it back to the heart via the pulmonary vein
4. The blood leaves the heart via the aorta

Question 9

What is the systole heartbeat?

Answer 9

S1 or the Lubis, the sound of the closing of the atrioventricular valves

Question 10

What is the Diastole?

Answer 10

S2 or the Dub, it is the semilunar valve closing

Question 11

What is the S3 sound?

Answer 11

The pause, in children or pathology it can be heard as a gallop; it is the absence of sound when the mitral valve opens; this begins the heartbeat process

Question 12

what is the S4 sound?

Answer 12

Pathological, it. is the sound immediately after S1, sounds like a hiccup

Question 13

What is the Systole number in BP?

Answer 13

High number is when the pressure is the hardest or highest on the blood vessels, and the blood is leaving the heart.

Question 14

What is the Diastole number in BP?

Answer 14

Lower number when the pressure is the lowest or softest on the blood vessels; the blood goes back to the heart

Question 15

What is RRR?

Answer 15

Regular. rate. and rythem

Question 16

What does OPQRST stand for?

Answer 16

O = onset
P= pain type
Q= quality
R= radiation
S=. severity.
T = timing

Question 17

What is PMI? where is it located

Answer 17

Point of maximal impulse, found in 5th intercostal rib

Question 18

What is a heart murmur?

Answer 18

Abnormal blood from turbulent blood flow, can cause an extra sound

Question 19

What is carotid bruits, and how is it heard?

Answer 19

It is a murmur in the carotid artery due to plaque build. up, heard when listening to Systole beat on the carotid artery, makes a distinct whooshing sound

Question 20

Where is aortic valve?

Answer 20

Found in 2nd intercostal space, right side of sternum

Question 21

Where is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 21

2nd intercostal space, left side of sternum

Question 22

Where is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 22

4th intercostal space left of sternum

Question 23

where is Erb’s point?

Answer 23

3rd intercostal space left side of the sternum

Question 24

Where is the Mitral valve?

Answer 24

5th intercostal space, at midclavicular line, usually also the PMI

Question 25

What is the pattern of heart sounds?

Answer 25

1. S1- the sounds of AV closing, systole 2. Mitral valve closes 3. S2 sound. of semilunar valve closing, disatole 4. Aortic valves closing

Question 26

What the at Peripheral Pulses?

Answer 26

Radial pulse - Lu 9 Brachial pulse - around PC3, inner elbow crease Femoral pulse - at leg crease, Sp 12 Carotid pulse - on neck St-9 Dorsaalis Pedis pulse - on the crest of the foot between 1st and 2nd metatarsal, around ST 42 Posterior Tibial pulse - behind the medial malleolus, anterior to KD 3

Question 27

How to test for Peripheral edema?

Answer 27

Pressing thumbs firmly onanterior tibia for 5 seconds, there are four levels of edema Grade 1 = 0-2 mm, refund immediately Grade 2= 3-4mm, repounds <15sec Grade 3= 5-6mm, up to 30 sec rebound Grade 4= 8mm, >20 seconds to rebound

Question 28

What are the two EKG tests?

Answer 28

Standard EKG - measure cardiac activity Stress EKG - measures cardiac activity while moving or ‘stressing the body’

Question 29

What is the electrocardiogram?

Answer 29

Interpretation of the waves and intervals measured Irregular spacing will show if there is an arrhythmia

Question 30

What is the best cardiac marker?

Answer 30

Cardiac Troponins- is the protein found in the muscles of the heart; usually, their levels are undetectable unless there is injury or danger to the heart.

Question 31

What is cardiac ischemia?

Answer 31

Blood flow being greatly decreased

Question 32

What is cardiac infraction?

Answer 32

Bloodflowcompletly blocked

Question 33

What is creatinine kinase-MB(CK-MB)

Answer 33

Previous a test used to detect cardiac events,had many false positives

Question 34

what is myoglobin?

Answer 34

Protein test in skeletal and cardiac muscle, not so accurate or. used

Question 35

What is in a lipid panel?

Answer 35

Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Ratios, reflexes, Lipoproteins, Triglycirdies

Question 36

What are Heart Red flags?

Answer 36

1. Arrhythmia 2. Chest pain 3. Shortness of breathe 4. Cardiovascular disease