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1 Anatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What age does the hip bone fuse together?

A

9

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2
Q

Bones that make up the pelvis

A

illium
ischium
pubis

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3
Q

Fovea of femur

A

connection for ligaments of the head
allows nutrients to come into the leg

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4
Q

Abduction/Adduction of leg

A

relative to the trunk
can be open chain or closed chain depending on which leg is the reference

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5
Q

Weight transfer in the hips

A
  1. weight transmitted centrally down vertebral column
  2. weight goes through ilium
  3. weight goes through center of femur
  4. weight goes through pubic rami to symphysis

line of gravity goes through the head of the femur, straight down

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6
Q

Angle of inclination of 3 year old

A

135°

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7
Q

Angle of inclination in adult

A

126°

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8
Q

Angle of inclination in old age

A

120°

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9
Q

Torsion angle of femur

A

12°
goes through head of femur to greater trochanter

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10
Q

Valgus

A

proximal end is more medial, distal end is more lateral

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11
Q

Varus

A

proximal end is more lateral, distal end is more medial

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12
Q

Excessive Femoral Anteversion

A

most pts with excessive femoral neck anteversion in-toe to better position the femoral head
45°

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13
Q

Excessive Femoral Retroversion

A

most patients with excessive femoral neck retroversion out-toe to better position the femoral head
0°

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14
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

strongest ligament of the body
most important external rotator
resists extension

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15
Q

Ligaments of hip

A

Ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
iliofemoral

all cross the neck of the femur

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16
Q

Arteries of gluteal/post thigh, proximal to distal

A

abdominal aorta
Common iliac
internal iliac
external iliac
Femoral

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17
Q

Femoral artery goes through…

A

adductor hiatus
becomes popliteal artery

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18
Q

Spinal levels of lumbar/sacral

A

nerves come inferior to the same vertebrae
ex: T1 nerves comes below T1 vertebrae

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19
Q

Dermatomes Front

A

Beginning at inner thigh
L1, L2
L3, L4, L5 = cross knee

S1 = pinky toe
S2 = medial heel

Inguinal = S2, S3 (outer to inner)

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20
Q

Dermatomes, Back

A

Beginning at anus

Co, S5, S4, S3, S2, S1, L5, L4, L3

S2 travels to medial thigh/leg
S1 travels to lateral thigh/leg

Foot =
L5 middle
S1 lateral
S2 medial (no toes)
L4 big toe

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21
Q

Adduction of hip spinal innervation

A

L2-L4

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22
Q

Abduction of hip spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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23
Q

ER of hip spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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24
Q

IR of hip spinal innervation

A

L4, L5

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25
Q

Inversion of foot spinal innervation

A

L4, L5

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26
Q

Eversion of foot spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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27
Q

Extension of toes spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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28
Q

Flexion of toes spinal innervation

A

S2, S3

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29
Q

Extension of hip spinal innervation

A

L4, L5

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30
Q

Flexion of hip spinal innervation

A

L2, L3

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31
Q

Flexion of knee spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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32
Q

Extension of knee spinal innervation

A

L3, L4

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33
Q

Dorsiflexion spinal innervation

A

L4, L5

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34
Q

Plantarflexion spinal innervation

A

S1, S2

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35
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

cutaneous innervation of medial leg

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36
Q

Knee jerk reflex

A

quads
L3/L4

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37
Q

ankle jerk reflex

A

calcaneal/achilles
S1/S2

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38
Q

Quads and Patellar Tendon

A

connect over the patella
Quads is above the patella
Patellar tendon is below the patella

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39
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Upper Medial = Semimembranous
Lower Medial = Gatrocnemius
Upper Lateral = biceps femoris
Lower lateral = gastrocnemius

40
Q

What passes through popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein and artery
(plantaris)

41
Q

Joint capsule of knee

A

made of synovial membrane & fibrous layer

fibrous = encapsulates the entirety of the knee

synovial fluid is on top of the meniscus but not on top of the ligament attachments

42
Q

Medial Menisci

A

medial meniscus is C shaped
Less mobile relative to lateral meniscus, more likely to be torn. Stationary with varying forces which causes the tears

43
Q

Transverse ligament of knee

A

connects the 2 menisci (lateral & medial) together, provides more stability

44
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

resists valgus stress at the knee joint
MCC is injured more often b/c theres more forces on the outside of the knee

45
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

resists varus stress at the knee joint

46
Q

anterior cruciate ligament

A

limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during flexion

prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint

at 90° of knee flexion, resists tibia moving anteriorly

47
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

limits anterior rolling of femur on tibial plateau during extension

prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia or posterior displacement of tibia on femur

helps prevent hyperflexion of knee joint

48
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

A

stabilizes the femur over fixed tibia in the stance phase especially when extra stability is needed for activities like running downhill

crosses the back of the knee joint

49
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

thick and fibrous band of connective tissue that is connected from above to the femur’s lateral condyle, the bony projection on the outer edge of the lower extremity of the femur

providing posterior/lateral stability of the knee

50
Q

Q Angle

A

The Q angle formed by the vector for the combined pull of the rectus femoris muscle and the patellar tendon, is important because of the lateral pull it exerts on the patella

could cause genu valgum or genu recurvatum

51
Q

Open chain knee

A

tibia rolls and slides in the same direction

52
Q

Closed chain knee

A

femur rolls and slides in the opposite direction

53
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s

A

pain in tibial tuberosity
often developed in youth, increased impact causes the pain/irritation

54
Q

Total Knee Arthroplasty

A

replacement of articular surfaces
goal to reduce pain, increase function for people with end-stage osteoarthritis

55
Q

Sagittal Plane movements of foot

A

Dorsiflexion
plantarflexion

56
Q

Frontal plane movements of foot

A

eversion
inversion

57
Q

Horizontal plane movements of foot

A

abduction
adduction

58
Q

Supination combination

A

inversion
adduction
plantarflexion

59
Q

Pronation combination

A

eversion
abduction
dorsiflexion

60
Q

Superior fibular retinaculum

A

keeps tendons posterior to lateral malleous

61
Q

Retinaculum

A

helps to decrease friction of tendons, keeps the tendons flat to the compartment

62
Q

What goes through the tarsal tunnel?

A

FDL tendon
FHL tendon
posterior tibial artery

63
Q

FHL/FDL/TP all….

A

increase stability of joints in the foot

64
Q

Posterior compartment innervation of leg

A

Tibial nerve

65
Q

Anterior compartment innervation of leg

A

deep fibular nerve

66
Q

Lateral compartment innervation of leg

A

superficial fibular

67
Q

Tarsal tunnel

A

Created by flexor retinaculum. Goes from calcaneal tuberosity to medial malleolus

TP, FHL, FDL go through
posterior tibial artery

68
Q

Subtalar joint

A

talus
calcaneus

69
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

made of 4 bones
talus, navicular, calcaneus, cuboid

70
Q

How many surfaces does the talus have for articulation?

A

3

71
Q

Hindfoot

A

talus
calcaneus

72
Q

Midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

73
Q

Forefoot

A

metatarsals, phalanges

74
Q

Where do the hindfoot and midfoot meet?

A

transverse tarsal joint

75
Q

What actions does subtalar joint do?

A

inversion
eversion

76
Q

What actions does transverse joint do?

A

dorsiflexion
plantarflexion

77
Q

Tarsometatarsal joint

A

Cuneiforms and metatarsals
also known as the Lisfranc joint
connects midfoot to forefoot
3 columns of articulations

Medial cuneiform –> 1st metatarsal
Intermediate cuneiform –> 2nd/3rd metatarsal
Lateral cuneiform –> 4th/5th metatarsal

78
Q

MTP joints

A

metatarsaophalangeal joints
important for walking motion

79
Q

IP joints

A

interphalangeal joints
less mobile than MTP joints

80
Q

Sesmoid bones

A

provide mechanical advantage at 1st toe during walking

81
Q

MTP/IP open chain

A

concave on convex, IP on MTP
glide and roll in same motion

82
Q

MTP/IP closed chain

A

convex on concave, MTP on IP
glide and roll in opposite directions

83
Q

Extrinsic muscles in foot

A

originate in the lower leg, attach in the foot

84
Q

Intrinsic muscles in foot

A

located within the foot
originate and attach in the foot

85
Q

2nd digit of foot

A

reference for abduction and adduction in the foot

86
Q

arterial supply of foot

A

Ant –> anterior tib to arteria dorsalis pedis
Post –> post tib to lateral plantar & medial plantar

87
Q

Tarsal tunnel contents from anterior to posterior

A

TP tendon
FDL tendon
Post Tibial artery
Post tibial vein
Tibial nerve
FHL tendon

Tom Dick, And Very Nervous Harry

88
Q

Arteries of leg

A

Popliteal
Ant tib/post tib
dorsum/plantar

ant tib –> dorsalis pedis
post tib –> medial plantar/lateral plantar

89
Q

Piriformis goes through

A

greater sciatic foramen

90
Q

active thigh extension in hip flexion

A

glut max

91
Q

femoral artery travels deep to

A

sartorius

92
Q

Lower extremity drains into…

A

inguinal lymph nodes

93
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

supports arch
deep to it is fibularis longus tendon

94
Q

What makes the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous ligament

95
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

piriformis
inferior gluteal VAN
superior gluteal VAN
sciatic nerve
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris

96
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Femoral NAV
sartorius = lateral border
adductor longus = medial border
inguinal ligament = top

1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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