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Repro 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

___cant passs between glands but ____ can

A

Bacteria, antibiotics

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2
Q

Subclinical mastitis

A

Appearance is normal but milk contains high inflammatory cells
Often long term

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3
Q

Clinical mastitis

A

Visual abnormalities of milk

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4
Q

E. coli

A

Gram neg

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5
Q

Klebsiella

A

Gram neg

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6
Q

S aureus

A

Gram positive

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7
Q

S agalactiae

A

Gram positive, mostly eradicated

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8
Q

Mycoplasma

A

No cell Wall

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9
Q

Gram positive meaning

A

Has LTA, not as big as immune response

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10
Q

Gram negative meaning

A

Has LPS= endotoxin

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11
Q

Staph Aeros can evade immune diffense

A
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12
Q

Str. Agalactie

A

Only lives in udders, more cow-cow contagious

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13
Q

Primary environmental

A

E. coli and klebsiella

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14
Q

Mycoplasma loves the ___ &____

A

Udder and resp tract

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15
Q

Resident macrophages recruite _____ via cytokines

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Clinical mastitis appearnce

A

Water chunky wrong color

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17
Q

Options for detecting bacteria in milk?

A

Culture, dna based like PCR, microbiome analysis, or dna fignerprint

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18
Q

What would mean contamination on plates?

A

3 or more colonies

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19
Q

Would you treat gram pos

A

Yes w narrow spectrum

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20
Q

would you treat a chronic staph Aeros

A

No dont waste anymore antibiotics

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21
Q

Would you treat gram neg?

A

No, has high spontaneous cure rate

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22
Q

Can you id staph aureus just of plates?

A

No neeed catalase positive and hemolytic testss

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23
Q

Phases of parturition

A

1: not visible external, uterin contractions
2: rupture of membrane, pushing
3: placenta expulsion

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24
Q

Dystocia

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A

Inability to expel a fetus from the uterus through the birth canal

25
Maternal causes of dystocia
Uterine inertia -can be primary(mom) or secondary (fetus)
26
Complete primary inertia maternal dystocia
Uterine fatigue, dx based on prolonged gestion, lack of progress, less than 100 temp, toxemia
27
Partial primary inertia
Prolonged interval between neonates, weak abdominal contraction Could be uterine torsion
28
Fetal cause of dystocia
Malposition
29
Fetal viability can be seen on radiographs by looking a t
Intrafetal gas, fetal posture, overlapping skull bones, spinal collapse
30
Us fetal hr normal dog
180-245 Below 150 = stress
31
Medial management of dystocia
Based on radiographs, use oxytocin BUT high doses could cause stillborn
32
Emergency indications for surgery C-section
Us hr of 180 or below, obstructure dystocia, failed medical management, lock-in discharge more than 4 hrs
33
Breeds at increased risk of dystocia
Brachycephalic, toy, giant, Purebred cats like Siamese, Persian, Devon Rex
34
Causes of fetal depression
Hypoxemia or drugs from dam
35
Post op pain meds for c section dogs
Tylenol, bup cats NSAID not good milk nephorptoxic
36
C section complications
Continued hemorrhage or lock-in for 6 weeks post, Fever 5 days, metritis
37
Bacteriology samples
Placenta, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, intestines
38
Virology dx samples
Placenta, lungs, brain, liver, spleen, thymus, intestines
39
Dx samples for nutrition
Liver thyroid
40
Samples for histopath
Placenta, lungs, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, kidneys, intestines
41
Brucellosis likes ____ and ___
Bone and repro Abortion and discopondylytis
42
What can you do during winter to prevent submissions from freezing
Add 10% ethanol
43
Minimum ruminant work up
PCR for brucellosis, coxiella, Histopath- placenta, lung, tongue, kidney, liver Virology- pcr on lungs, thymus, spleen, Bacteriology- lung stomach content for campylobacter, placenta chlamydia Protozoa- placenta, brain toxoplasma, neopsorosis Nutrition- liver vit e vit a, thyroid gland iodine Dam serume and or fetal serum thoracic fluid
44
C burnetii/ Q fever
In cattle smalll ruminants, birds and ticks are reservoirs, clinical signs- abortions stillbirths retained placenta endometriosis infertility
45
Campylobacter
Fecal oral route infect
46
Listeriosis
Last trimester, autolysis, adults sick like depression retained placenta fever purulent exudate Fetus- fibrin, serostitis, hepatic necrosis, abomasum necrosis, placenta has cotlydenin necrosis Dx w. Culture
47
Chlamydia
Sheep, cattle difference tpresentaiton
48
Lepto
Many species, late term abortions, some maternal signs- icterus anemia hemogloinuria agalacgia fever Lesion- expelled fresh, hisoltoigally has interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, placenta so Dx- hard to find
49
Viruses SR abortions
Cache valley, blue tongue, border disease, aka bane Still bornes and neonates w deformities Dx by serology or pcr
50
Border disease
Pestivirus, “hairy shaker”, anytime in gestion or post, Weak lambs kids, PCR
51
Blue tongue virus
Arthropod borne, 1st exposure high risk, 75-100d stillborn or weak lambs, Serology
52
Schmalen Berg virus
New virus only in Europe currently Cattle and sheep
53
Toxoplasmosis
Mummification or aborsption in 1st half, later abortion stillbirth weakness Dam rarely sick Necrosis lesion Dx w serology on fetal fluids, orPCR
54
SR nutritional causes of abortion
Vit e def, vit a, caloric malnutrition
55
Teratogen SR
Cause cyclops, veratrum californium
56
Best serology strategy for cattle abortion
Paired serume from aborted cows 4w apart, comparison of titers between aborted and non aborted cows, or serology of fetal fluids
57
Ferguson reflex?
Stretching of cervix stimulates oxytocin which stimulates contractions
58
3 p of parturition
Presentation, position, posture

Repro 2 (2 decks)

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