Final Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is evidence-based practice?
Research combined with the experience of clinical, combined with the needs of a given person
What is the definition of occupation?
Occupations are a group of activities and tasks of everyday life, named, organized, and given value and meaning by individuals and a culture. Occupations include everything that people do to occupy themselves (self-care), enjoy life (leisure) and contribute to the social and economic fabric of their communities. Occupations are the core domain of concern and therapeutic medium of occupational therapy (CAOT, 2002).
What are the key features of occupation?
Determinant of health →your occupation could be detrimental to your health (dangerous or physically exhausting)
o Source of meaning
o Source of purpose →sources of motivation
o Source of choice and control
o Source of balance and satisfaction (work-life balance)
o Means of organizing time
o Means of organizing materials and space
o Means of generating income
o Therapeutic medium
What is a construct?
cannot be touched, measured or directly observed
- ex: knowledge of course measured through the exam
o definitions which are broad but clear
What is the definition Quality of life?
An individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns
What is Occupational Performance?
refers to the ability to choose, organize and satisfactorily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and age-appropriate for looking after oneself, enjoying life and contributing to the social and economic fabric of a community
Occupational identity
Encompasses the expression of the physical, affective, cognitive, spiritual aspects of human nature, in an interaction with the institutional, social, cultural and political dimensions of the environment, across time and space of a person’s life span, through the occupations of self-care, productivity and leisure
What is Self Identity?
A comprehensive concept describing the uniqueness of a person; the active and dynamic understanding of self; derived from interactions between self and others.” It is closely linked to what we do, and our identity is central to coherence, meaning and wellbeing; it is our personal life story
What is Personal Identity?
includes self-perceptions and self-evaluations that are meaningful to a person
What is Social Identity?
Relates to how is one is viewed by others
What is Occupational Culture?
Culture is viewed as a social context, relative place and time
Culture is embedded in everything we experience (lifestyles, dress/style, preferences, values and beliefs, activities, language
Ex: Western - progressive occupational culture (no dress code for profs), Culture and occupation intersect at various levels - mirco (individual), meso (collective) and marco (societal)
The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement
Expansion of COPM - adds engagement to the model
Client-centred and assumes that the human spirit is at the center of functioning.
The outcome of the dynamic interplay between the components of the model which are the person, occupation and environment.
Depicts the relationship of a person with three performance components, 3 areas of occupation, and the environment with four elements
Conceptualizes occupational performance and engagement as the dynamic interplay between person, environment and occupation.
The first framework is to acknowledge and find a place for spirituality (own spirituality not religion) in human occupation and this is positioned at the core of the person.
Explain the “The Person” level of the COMPE
Performance components which make up the person are cognitive, affective and physical
Spirituality is shaped and expressed through occupations
It is the essence of self
Explain the “The Environment” level of the COMPE
Within which the person exists and where occupations occur
Influences the person and occupation through 4 different ways
The physical environment → classroom lacks outlets, changes performance because the laptop dies
the culture → workplace cultures can help or be detrimental to you
institutional → success at western or in the workplace you are working under
social → social environment can yield better students and better overall well-being
Explain the “Occupation” level of the COMPE
Occupation is classified into three categories referred to as occupational purposes: self-care, productivity and leisure
The inner circle represents occupation in the transverse sectional view.
It is through occupation that the person interacts with the environment; therefore, occupation becomes the link between the person and the context, as well as a means through which the environment is acted upon
Explain the concepts of health and well-being
Health - A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” Physical and mental wellbeing is a human right, enabling life without limitation or restriction” (WHO)
health is individualized and subjective
Well-being - Individuals’ perception of their own physical and mental state; integration of a person’s physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social characteristics” (Orem, 1985)
self-defined and changes over time
What is the definition of Occupation Science?
The basic science that aims to develop a broad and complex understanding of occupation
- OT does home care, work care, disability care, ergonomics, etc
o Multidisciplinary focus to engage with the concept of occupation at varying levels.
o Study of the complexity of occupation and application of knowledge and evidence
- ex: osteoarthritis – modify physical everyday living
What is the CAOT position statement of occupation and health?
the statement sets out how the practice of OT should be
o Enables occupations with clients when there is a presence of an occupational challenge (individual, community, group, family, organizational and population level)
o Establish a supportive practice environment that is client-centred and occupation-based
o Grounded in principles of change, justice, power sharing, vision, participation, independence, function, participation
- all required to assess health and well-being
o Guide individuals towards increasing awareness, enablement
o Increased occupational performance leads to enhanced or improved health and well being
What are the core concepts of OT?
The main focus of occupational therapy is the occupational needs of people and society
o Unique set of values and beliefs that contribute to a perspective or lens through which to view occupational performance and client centred practice
o Enabling change in occupational performance leads to improved health and wellbeing
o Unique view of health which is strongly influenced by context, culture and environment
Explain Fredrich Engels Perspective
Studied how poor housing, clothing, diet and lack of sanitation lead directly to infection, disease and early death
Identified the link between social class differences in health and living conditions, stress levels and health-threatening behavior
Explain Rudolph Virchows Perspectiv e
Known as the “Father of Modern Pathology”
Identified how health-threatening living conditions were established by public policy decisions.
Emphasized the role politics has in health promotion and disease prevention.
“Disease is not something personal and special, but only a manifestation of life under modified conditions.”
“Medicine is a social science and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale.”
“If the medicine is to fulfil her great task, then she must enter the political and social life. Do we not always find the diseases of the populace traceable to defects in society?”
we have a lack of healthcare support in communities as well as a lack of housing, employment
Explain the black report and the 1992 health divide in the UK
Sparked interest in how social causes shape health
Lowest employment-level groups showed a greater likelihood of a wide range of diseases and premature death from illness or injury and every stage of the life cycle
Differences occurred in a stepwise fashion across socioeconomic ranges
Professionals – best health
Skilled workers – average health
Manual laborers – worst health
These differences existed despite having a universal health care system!
Explain the new perspective on the health of Canadians
identified human biology, environment, lifestyle and healthcare organization as determinants of health
outlined the determinants of health outside of the healthcare system
access to advanced medical care is limited in certain rural communities
Explain the 1996 action statement for health promotion in Canada
identified human biology, environment, lifestyle and healthcare organization as determinants of health
outlined the determinants of health outside of the healthcare system
access to advanced medical care is limited in certain rural communities
