Final Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Hydrogen bonds stable
A
Ice
2
Q
Hydrogen bonds break and reform
A
Liquid
3
Q
Water and othersubstances
A
Adhesion
4
Q
Water and water
A
Cohesion
5
Q
4 rings
A
Sterol
6
Q
Removes water molecule to form a new bond
A
Dehydration reaction
7
Q
Adds water to break down a bond
A
Hydrolysis
8
Q
Long skinny chain
A
Glycogen
9
Q
Long ch chain
A
Fatty acid
10
Q
Copy one of the two strands to make messenger RNA
A
RNA polymerase
11
Q
Organizes proteins that are transported to other parts of the cell
A
Endoplasmic reticulum
12
Q
Special way for protein to get into the nucleus and for ribosomes to get out
A
Nuclear envelope
13
Q
Receptors capture in a bubble and dumped into the lysosome
A
Endocytosis
14
Q
Breaks down nucleic acid, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins
A
Lysosomes
15
Q
Cellular respiration
A
Mitochondrion
16
Q
Photosynthesis and thylakoid membrane
A
Chloroplast
17
Q
Carries motor proteins
A
Microtubles
18
Q
Water passes but sugar can’t pass
A
Osmotic pressure
19
Q
Water can go through but charged ions can’t
A
Simple diffusion
20
Q
Energy is released
A
Exergonic
21
Q
Input energy
A
Endergonic
22
Q
Breaks down to make energy
A
Catabolic
23
Q
Building up process
A
Anabolic
24
Q
Energy of sunlight
A
Photosynthesis
25
Reaction occur in thylakoid
Light reaction
26
Uses co 2 and sugar comes out
Calvin-benson cycle
27
So slow that needs to make so much
Rubisco
28
Co2 uses pep and oxaloacetate to make sugar
C4 photosynthesis
29
Co 2 uses organic acid at night and make sugar at day
Cam photosynthesis
30
Chromosome alignment
Metaphase
31
Chromosomes go to opposite directions
Anaphase
32
Rule that says only 1 from mom and 1 from dad
Homologous chromosomes
33
Made up of two of these and makes a X shape
Sister chromatids
34
No homologous and sister chromatids separate
Mitosis metaphase and anaphase
35
Homologs separate
Meiosis anaphase 1
36
Sister chromatids separate
Meiosis 2
37
True breeding and pp or PP
Homozygous
38
Pp
Heterozygous
39
None are dominant
Incomplete dominance
40
Blood type inheritance
Codominance
41
One Gene affects that of another
Epistasis
42
Abnormal number of particular chromosomes
Aneuploidy
43
Signaling molecule that are received by the cell and provide life to the cell
Ligand
44
Binds to signaling molecule and receives signals
Receptor protein
45
Pathway converting signal to response
Signal transduction
46
Long distance signaling
Endocrine signaling
47
Medium distance signaling
Paracrine signaling
48
Short distance signaling
Contact-dependent pathway
49
Short distance and sensory neurotransmitters
Synaptic signaling
50
Receptors for taste, order, and see light
Gpcr
51
GDP goes out of molecule and gtp comes in
G-proteins
52
Process where a cell becomes more specialized in structure and function
Differentiation
53
Potential fate become more limited until cell is committed to one fate
Cell Determination
54
Give rise to any tissue within embryo or extra embryonic in an organism
Totipotent
55
Give rise to all cells in adult not the extra embryonic tissues to placenta
Pluripotent
56
Give rise to limited number of cells
Multipotent
57
Give rise to any single cell type
Unipotent
58
Why is caenorhabditis elegans so popular to use
It is easy to work with
59
Opening for eggs to emerge
Vulva
60
Ventral
Front side where stomach is
61
Dorsal
Back side
62
Mutation that leads to a body part in the wrong location
Homeric mutants
63
What is the 4 levels of the body
Cell, tissue, organ, and organ system
64
Types of junctions in tissues
Tight junction, adherens junction, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap junction
65
4 main types of tissues in organs
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
66
Endocrine system function
Produce hormones that travel thru the blood and bind to the receptor
67
Nervous system function
Transmits electrical impulses along the nerve cells
68
Change in a variable that triggers a response that counteracts the change. Hint: 2 circles
Negative Feedback
69
Immune system function
Recognize and kills pathogens
70
Innate immunity
Rapid response
71
Adaptive immunity
Slower response
72
Phagocytes
Eat pathogens
73
Macrophages and dendritic cells
Antigen-presenting
74
Neutrophils
Killers (Micheal myers)
75
Organs in the immune system
Thymus, spleen, lymphatic system, lymph nodes
76
Mature in the thymus
T cells
77
Mature in the bone marrow
B cells
78
Substances that can obtain a response from B or T cells
Antigens
79
Receptors on T or B cells that bind antigens
Antigen receptors
80
Part of an antigen that binds a particular antigen receptor
Epitope
81
Secreted forms of the B cell receptor
Antibodies
82
What do the memory cells do
Remembers the antigen
83
What do plasma cells do
Secrete antibodies
84
What do helper t cells do
Help strengthen B cells
85
Digestive system function
Obtain nutrients for the body
86
What are the 4 main nutrients
Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids
87
Mechanical digestion
Break food into smaller pieces
88
Chemical digestion
Enzymes break nutrient molecules
89
Major energy source
Glucose
90
Central organ
Heart
91
Pulmonary circuit
To lungs
92
Systemic circuit
To everywhere
93
Diastole
Relaxation phase
94
Atrial systole
Blood flow to ventricles and atria contracts
95
Ventricular systole
Blood flow to arteries and ventricles contract
96
Artery
Takes blood from the heart to other tissues
97
Capillaries
Gas exchange occurs
98
Veins
Takes blood from body to the heart
99
Red blood cells protein
Hemoglobin
100
Diffusion of water thru a selectively-permeable membrane
Osmosis
101
When blood cell loses water and shrinks
Hypersmotic
102
Blood cell has too much water and bursts
Hypoosmotic
103
Renal artery
Brings blood into the kidney
104
Renal vein
Brings blood out of kidney
105
Renal cortex
Outer region
106
Renal medulla
Inner region
107
Afferent
Blood going in nephron
108
Efferent
Blood going out of nephron
109
Glomerulus
Filtration
110
Endocrine glands in brain
Pineal gland and pituitary gland
111
Antidioretic hormone ( ADH )
Regulate water absorption
112
Frontal lobe
Decision making and speech
113
Parietal lobe
Touch
114
Occipital lobe
Seeing
115
Temporal lobe
Hearing
