Final

Question 1

How does the moon affect the tides?

Answer 1

The moon never truly orbits the earth, earth and moon together orbits the center. Tidal bulges occurs due to centrifugal force and the moons gravity.

Question 2

Spring tide definition

Answer 2

When the sun earth and moon align. Happens twice per month and causes large tides

Question 3

Neap tide

Answer 3

When the sun is 90 degrees to the sun/earth axis. Happens twice a monthly and causes smaller tides.

Question 4

Perigean spring tides

Answer 4

When the moon is closest to earth. Huge tides occur

Question 5

Tides

Answer 5

The periodic movement of the sea generated by gravitational attraction of the sun, moon, and hydrosphere.

Question 6

What are some reasons for the sea level rise.

Answer 6

Ocean is absorbing heat due to climate change.

Question 7

Flood tide

Answer 7

Sea level rises daily

Question 8

Ebb tide

Answer 8

Sea level falls daily

Question 9

Intertidal zone

Answer 9

The area periodically covered and uncovered by the tide.

Question 10

What are some challenges of living in the intertidal?

Answer 10

Wave action, sun exposure, substrate type, slope, desiccation, salinity swings, temp swings, marine predators, terrestrial and aerial predators.

Question 11

Subtidal/sublittoral zone

Answer 11

Area permanently covered by sea.

Question 12

Splash zone

Answer 12

Never covered by sea but influenced by it’s splash

Question 13

What are the six intertidal subzones

Answer 13

Black zone, barnacle zone, rockweed zone, irish moss zone, blue mussel zone, and kelp zone.

Question 14

What are some species that live in the black zone

Answer 14

Cyanobacteria and periwinkles

Question 15

What species live in the barnacle zone

Answer 15

Barnacles, periwinkles, limpets, dog wheels, and blue mussels.

Question 16

What species live in the rockweed zone?

Answer 16

Brown algae, bladder wrack, periwinkles, and limpets

Question 17

What species live in the Irish moss zone?

Answer 17

Red algae, isopods, and amphipods

Question 18

What species live in the blue mussel zone?

Answer 18

Blue mussels, sea stars, and whelks

Question 19

What species live in the kelp zone?

Answer 19

Kelp, limpets, mussels, isopods, amphipods, crabs, lobsters, and sea stars.

Question 20

What species have the run and hide adaptation?

Answer 20

Crabs, butterfish, decopods

Question 21

What species use the tidal pools to survive the intertidal?

Answer 21

Anemones, sea pork, and urchins

Question 22

What species clam up as an adaptation?

Answer 22

Clams, mussels, barnacles, limpets, bivalves, and snails

Question 23

What species dry up as an adaptation?

Answer 23

Mollusks and brown algae

Question 24

Describe the black zone

Answer 24

Upper most zone. It is covered by spring tides every two weeks. Blue green algae and lichens give rocks there black color.

Question 25

Barnacles zone

Answer 25

Covered and uncovered twice daily. Tides deliver food

Question 26

Rockweed zone

Answer 26

Brown algae called irish moss dominates this zone. It can form a spongy carpet.

Question 27

Blue mussel zone

Answer 27

Blue mussels are very common. Zone is mostly submerged in water

Question 28

Kelp zone

Answer 28

Lowest zone, may be uncovered every two weeks. Kelp a brown algae dominates this zone.

Question 29

Wetland

Answer 29

A transitional habitat. Major source of policy.

Question 30

Three wetland characteristics

Answer 30

Shallow water or saturated soils at some time during the year. Accumulate slowly decomposing organic matter. Plants and animals adapted to the saturated conditions.

Question 31

What are some ecosystem services of a wetland?

Question 32

Marginal wetland

Answer 32

Soils are inorganic and are overlaid by organic. Rivers, lakes, and the sea provide source water.

Question 33

Fringed wetland

Answer 33

A type of marginal wetland that has a constant water supply.

Question 34

Flood wetland

Answer 34

A type of marginal wetland

Question 35

Mires

Answer 35

Independent of water bodies. Gets source water from rain or runoff

Question 36

Minerotrophic fen

Answer 36

A type of mire fed by ground water and surface runoff.

Question 37

Ombotrophic bog

Answer 37

Above the water table and fed by rainfall

Question 38

Marsh

Answer 38

USA: dominated by trees. Europe: above the water table

Question 39

Swamp

Answer 39

USA: dominated by non woody vegetation. Europe: at or just below the water table.

Question 40

Three things needed for wetland delineation

Answer 40

Hydrology: where is the water table, soil: is there gleying. Plant life: are there plants that can only survive in a wetland?