Final Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
What are operations planning and scheduling?
A
The process of balancing supply w/ demand from the total level down to the short-term scheduling level
2
Q
What are sales and operations planning? (5)
A
- connects business planning to tactical planning
- plans at the volume level
- uses total time buckets: 12-18 months
- involves sales, marketing, manufacturing, logistics, finance
- give realistic plan
3
Q
What are the sales and operations planning OBJECTIVES? (6)
A
- minimize costs/ maximize profits
- maximize customer service
- minimize inventory investment
- minimize changes in production costs
- minimize changes in workforce levels
- maximize utilization of plant and equipment
4
Q
What are the operations planning process? (6)
A
- requirements for planning
- identify alternatives, constraints, and costs
- prepare a plan
- is the plan acceptable?
- update the plan
- move ahead to next planning session
5
Q
What are the alternatives for planning? (8)
A
- changing inventory levels
- varying workforce size
- varying production rates
- subcontracting
- using part-time workers
- influencing demand
- backordering
- counter-seasonal product mix
6
Q
What are the operations planning strategies?
A
- pure chase strategy: match production rate to meet order rate
- level strategy: maintain a stable workforce and a constant rate
- hybrid strategies: using a mix of strategies
7
Q
What are the materials requirements planning? (5)
A
- master production schedule
- bills of materials
- schedule of planned production order release
- action needed
- inventory data
8
Q
What is the Master Production Schedule (MPS)?
A
how many individual end items will be produced within specified time
9
Q
What are the purposes of MPS? (4)
A
- set due dates
- provide an accurate picture of required materials
- enables a company to make efficient use of labor
- achieve plan’s objectives
10
Q
What is the Master Scheduling Process? (5)
A
5.) publish schedule
4.) re-evaluate using RCCP
3.) revise schedule
2.) evaluate using RCCP
1.) develop schedule
11
Q
What are the MRP considerations? (5)
A
- planning lead time
- safety stock
- lot sizing…
- static lot size: Fixed Order Quantity
- dynamic lot size: Lot 4 lot
12
Q
What are the MRP outputs? (4)
A
- planned order releases for purchased items
- planned order releases for manufactured items
- action messages
- exception reports flagging problems
13
Q
What is the Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II)? (3)
A
- integrate functional areas into planning process
- MRP at heart of process
- continuous process that links business, production, and MPS
14
Q
What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)? (2)
A
- used as an integrated supply chain w/ a focus on external supply chain
- includes all resource planning
15
Q
What are the implementation issues? (4)
A
- accurate BOM and inventory files
- MPS
- top management support
- education
16
Q
What are the characteristics of projects? (7)
A
- one-time focus
- specific purpose and desired results
- start and finish
- involvement of a cross-functional group of people
- limited set of resources
- logical sequences of interdependent activities
- clear user of results
17
Q
What is the Work Breakdown Structure?
A
description of a project where each lower level is more deatiled
18
Q
What is the life cycle of a project? (5)
A
- concept: recognizing the need
- feasibility analysis: cost, benefits
- planning: biggest chunk of time
- execution: project itself
- termination: how well did we do?
19
Q
What are the PERT/CPM networks? (2)
A
- Program Evaluation and Review Technique
- Critical Path Method
20
Q
What is the Precedence Relationship?
A
one activity can’t start until a previous activity has been completed
21
Q
What is Activity Slack?
A
maximum length that an activity can be delayed w/o delaying project
22
Q
What is Critical Path?
A
indicated by activities w/ zero slack
23
Q
What are the Probabilistic Time Estimates? (3)
A
- optimistic time: length of time required under best conditions
- pessimistic time: length of time required under the worst conditions
- most likely time: most expected length of time required
24
Q
What are the Crashing Decisions? (3)
A
- regular time and crash time estimates
- regular cost and crash cost estimates
- critical path activities
25
What are the BENEFITS of a project? (5)
- forces management to organize
- estimate completion time
- looks at crucial activities
- looks at slack activities
- analyze cost-time trade-offs
26
What are the LIMITATIONS of a project? (4)
- network may be incomplete
- precedence relationships may not be correct
- time estimates may be wrong
- focus on critical path activites
27
What is Lean Manufacturing?
maintaining high quality and low cost by attacking waste, reducing work-in-process, shrinking lead times, and involving workers
28
What are the 8 types of waste (muda)?
1.) overproduction
2.) inappropriate processing
3.) waiting
4.) transportation
5.) motion
6.) inventory
7.) defects
8.) underutilization of employees
29
What is the Kanban System? (3)
- exact quantity of GOOD parts in each container
- one card for each container
- containers can be moved
30
What is the Small Lot Production? (5)
- reduced cycle inventory
- improve quality
- reduces space requirements
- decreased lead times
- flexibility in scheduling
31
What is Setup? (4)
- last good part of the previous job to the first good part of the next job
- external setup techniques
- materials and people ready
- standardized
32
What is the Fail Safe Methods (Poka-yoka)?
- building safeguards to reduce potential errors
33
What are the characteristics of Lean Systems? (7)
- quality
- close supplier ties
- flexible work force
- uniform workstation loads
- product focus
- total preventive maintenance
- continuous improvement
34
What is Value Stream Mapping (VSM)?
lean tool for eliminating waste that involves current state drawing, future state drawing, and a plan
35
What are the 5 Ss?
- sort: separate
- simplify: arrange
- scrub: clean
- standardized: sort, simplify, and scrub daily
- sustain: always follow the first four Ss
36
What is the Green Momentum? (3)
- new regulations
- thinning resources
- business leaders going after previous unseen waste
37
What are the Green Sustainability Terms? (2)
- meet the needs of the present w/o compromising the needs of the future generations
- carbon footprinting: total set of GHG emissions caused by a product
38
What are Reverse Logistics?
planning back to the point of origin for returns
39
What is the Triple Bottom Line? (3)
- "people" pertain to fair business practices toward labor
- "planet" = sustainable
- "profit" is the economic value after deducting the cost of all inputs
40
What are the 3 Rs?
- reduce the use of materials through value analysis
- reuse: refurbishing the products
- recycling: recovering materials for future use
41
What is LEED- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design? (5)
- sustainable site development
- water savings
- energy efficiency
- materials selection
- indoor environment are quality
42
What is the Green Business Initiative?
promote businesses that are combined and engaged in environmentally operations
43
What are the Lean Services? (9)
- consist high quality
- uniform facility loads
- standardized work methods
- close supplier ties
- flexible workforce
- automation
- preventive maintenace
- pull method
- line flow strategy
44
What are the Operational Benefits? (10)
- reduction of inventory
- reduce cycle inventory
- less lead time
- less waste
- less space
- improve quality
- improve efficiencies
- improve safety
- improve involvement of employees
- decrease downtime
45
What is BOM?
a diagram that show all components going into an item
46
What is the Usage Quantity?
number of units need to make one unit
47
What is the Part Commonality?
a part has more than one parent
48
What is Routing?
list of operations to be performed on item
49
What is a Parent?
item manufactured from one or more components
50
What is a Component?
item that goes into one or more parents
51
What is an End Item?
final product
52
What is an Intermediate Item?
item w/ at least one parent and one component (seat frame)
53
What is a Subassembly?
assembled from more than one component (ladder-back)
54
What is a Purchased Item?
item w/ no components, coming from supplier (gray)
