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final! Flashcards

1
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

trophic hormone (P)

A

secreted from hypothalamus
target anterior pituitary
release/inhibit pituitary gland

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2
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary
breast and uteris
milk ejection

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3
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

vasopressin (ADH)

A

posterior pituitary
kidney
water reabsorption

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4
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary
breast
milk production

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5
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

growth hormone (somatroponin)

A

anterior pituitary
liver
growth factor

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6
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

corticotropin

A

anterior pituitary
adrenal cortex
cortisol release

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7
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

thyrotroin

A

anterior pituitary
thyroid gland
thyroid hormone synthesis

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8
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

follicle stimulating hormone

A

anterior pituitary
gonads
egg/sperm production

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9
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

triodothyronine and thyroxine

A

thyroid gland
many tissues
metabolism and growth

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10
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

calcitonin

A

thyroid gland
bone
plasma calcium levels

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11
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland
bone, kidney
regulate Ca and phosphate levels

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12
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

atrial natriretic peptide

A

heart
kidneys
increase sodium excretion

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13
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

gastrin, CCK, secretin

A

stomach and small intestine
GI tract and pancrease
assist digestion and absorption

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14
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic peptide

A

pancreas
many tissues
metabolism of glucose

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15
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex
kidney
Na and K homeostasis

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16
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

cortisol

A

adrenal cortex
many tissues
stress response

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17
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

androgens

A

adrenal cortex
many tissues
sex drive in females

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18
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

epinephrine, norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla
many tissues
fight/flight

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19
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

erythropiotein

A

kidney
bone marrow
red blood cell production

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20
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

androgens

A

testes
many tissue
sperm production

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21
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

inhibin

A

testes/ovaries
anterior pituitary
inhibits FSH secretion

22
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

estrogen

A

ovaries
many tissues
egg production

23
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

lectin, adiponectin, restin

A

adipose tissue
hypothalamus
food intake, metabolism

24
Q

peptide hormones:
synthesis/storage
release
transport in blood
half life
location of receptor
response to binding
target response
examples

A

advance, stored in vesicles
exocytosis
dissolved in plasma
short
cell membrane
activate second messenger
modify existing proteins and new protein synthesis
insulin, parathyroid hormone

25
steroid hormones: synthesis/storage release transport in blood half life location of receptor response to binding target response examples
on demand synthesis simple diffusion bound to carrier proteins long cytoplasm/nucleus activate genes for transcription/translation induction of new protein synthesis estrogen, androgen, cortisol
26
catecholamines: synthesis/storage release transport in blood half life location of receptor response to binding target response examples
in advance, secretory vesicles exocytosis dissolved in plasma short cell membrane activate second messengers modify existing proteins epi, norepi
27
thyroid hormones: synthesis/storage release transport in blood half life location of receptor response to binding target response examples
made in advance, precursor stored in vesicles simple diffusion bound to carrier proteins long nucleus activate genes for transcription/translation new protein synthesis thyroxine (T4)
28
neurosecretion (PRH) anterior pituitary hormone: target
positive for prolcatin act on breasts
29
PIH (dopamine)
negative for prolactin act on breasts
30
TRH
positive for TSH act on thyroid gland release TH
31
CRH
positive for ACTH act on adrenal cortex release cortisol
32
GHRH
positive for GH act on liver release insulin like growth factors
33
GHIH (somastatin)
negative for GH act on cells throughout body
34
GnRH
positive for LH and FSH act on gonads male release androgens female release strogens
35
ions and equilibrium potential
Na = 55 K = -90 Cl = -60 resting potential = -70
36
parasympathetic vs sympathetic neurons
parasympathetic: - long preganglionic - short postganglionic sympathetic: - short preganglionic - long postganglionic
37
somatic nervous system neuron chain
one neuron, motor input release Ach (ligand gated channel) acts on skeletal muscle
38
parasympathetic nervous system chain
part of autonomic long preganglionic neuron acts on ganglion postanglionic neuron releases Ach activates g-protein receptor
39
sympathetic nervous system chain
preganglionic neuron rleeases Ach on Nachr postganglion releases norepinephrine OR neuron releases Ach on Nachr in adrenal medulla release nor epi and epi into blood
40
ions and conc. inside and outside
Na: 15 and 150 K: 140 and 5 Cl: 10 and 110 Ca: low and 2.5
41
medulla oblongta
control blood pressure breathing GI function
42
pons
relay between cerebellum and cerebrum control movement breathing
43
pons and medulla
regulation of arousal and sleep pain
44
hypothalamus
homeostasis
45
thalamus
site for sensory and motor info
46
cerebellum
movement
47
basal ganglia
movement
48
limbic regions
hippocampus: learning/memory amygdala: emotions
49
cerebral cortex
vision motor control
50
sarcomere structure
A band: anywhere myosin H zone: only myosin I band: only actin Z disk: actin bounded M line: myosine bounded
51
muscle contraction types
isotonic: muscle gets shorter isometric: muscle doesnt move load lengthening: weight wins

human physiology (5 decks)

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