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HSCI 130 final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 paradigms?

A
  1. Symbolic interactionist
  2. Sociology of the Body
  3. Conflict
  4. Structural functionalist
  5. Feminist
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2
Q

Symbolic interactionist key ideas

A

Peoples perception

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3
Q

Sociology of the body key ideas

A

Embodiment, Early life experiences

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4
Q

Conflict paradigm key ideas

A

power in healthcare, profit driven, inequality

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5
Q

Structural functionalist key ideas

A

Sick roles, organization, structure, harmonious

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6
Q

Healthy immigrant effect

A

Immigrants have better health than Canadians when they come to Canada, but after 10 years or so, their health declines fairly rapidly

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7
Q

Why is the healthy immigrant effect a thing?

A

When immigrants come to Canada, they must pass a health test. They have great health to past the test, then maintain it for a while as a new immigrant. Health gets worse over time due to social stresses, discrimination, bad health habits

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8
Q

Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Acronym

A

“Doctors BC”
DRSBC

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9
Q

Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Ideas

A
  1. Development of personal skills
  2. Reorienting of health service
  3. Strengthen community action
  4. Build healthy public policy
  5. Create supportive environments
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10
Q

Development of personal skills - examples

A

cooking classes, online education, health information available

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11
Q

Reorienting the healthcare system - examples

A

training of doctors, improving services

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12
Q

Strengthen community action - examples

A

health runs, community kitchens, support organizations

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13
Q

Build healthy public policy - examples

A

no smoking areas, seatbelt laws, making health choices the easiest ones

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14
Q

Create supportive environments - examples

A

community centres, workout programs

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15
Q

Attributes of the Canadian healthcare system

A
  1. Care delivery is the provinces responsibility
  2. Publicly financed
  3. Private providers
  4. Choice of practitioner
  5. 3 biggest spending categories - Hospitals, Drugs, Doctors
  6. Financed by taxes, insurance premiums, and out of pocket
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16
Q

Hans Selye

A

Father of Stress research

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17
Q

Spending on healthcare statistics (total, per person, distribution, percentages)

A
  1. Total: 228 billion
  2. Per person: 6.3k
  3. Distribution: Hospitals (29.5%) Drugs (16%) Doctors (15.2%)
  4. Overall percentage of BC budget: 43%
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18
Q

Vertical structure vs horizontal structure

A

Vertical - Macro factors/indirect
Horizontal - Micro factors/direct

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19
Q

Vertical and Horizontal structures - examples

A

Vertical - Welfare, child support
Horizontal - neighbourhood, work conditions

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20
Q

Personal determinants vs Structural determinants

A

Personal - Individual
Structural - social, others

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21
Q

Personal and social determinants - examples

A

Personal - genetics, coping skills, health practices

Structural - social/physical environment, access to health resources

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22
Q

Proximal determinants vs distal determinants

A

Proximal - (Think close proximity) - Downstream factors

Distal - (Think at a distance) - Upstream factors

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23
Q

Proximal and Distal determinants - examples

A

Proximal (close proximity) - sickness, bad habits
Distal (at a distance) - income, education, economic status

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24
Q

Primary determinants vs Secondary determinants

A

Primary - bigger factors that trickle down into secondary
Secondary - factors created by primary

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25
Primary and Secondary determinants - examples
Primary - Socioeconomic factors, education, employment Secondary - daily behaviour, lifestyle, self esteem
26
HIV statistics (worldwide cases, deaths per year, new cases per year)
WW cases - 38.4 million deaths per year - 650k New cases per year - 1.5 million
27
TB statistics (highest prevalence, highest per capita, worldwide cases, deaths per year)
Highest Prevalence - SE Asia Highest per capita - Africa WW cases- 10.4 million deaths per year - 1.8 million
28
Salutogenic model of health
A model that helps people understand beneficial factors that make a population healthy
29
Salutogenesis
The origin of health
30
Pathogenesis
The origin of disease
31
Sense of Coherence
A sense of feeling put together/things are going to be alright
32
Medicare stats (first province, all provinces)
First province - Saskatchewan (1961) All provinces - 1972
33
What Is medicare?
A government funded universal health insurance program
34
Study Designs (8)
1. Descriptive studies 2. Observational studies 3. Experimental studies 4. Analytic studies 5. Ecological studies 6. Cross-sectional studies 7. Case control studies 8. Prospective cohort studies
35
Descriptive studies
Describes occurrences of the disease 5Ws, person place time
36
Observational studies
Compare patterns of disease outcomes
37
Experimental studies
Clinical trials
38
Analytic studies
Evaluation of association between exposures to determine if exposure causes outcome
39
Ecological studies
Compare prevalence of disease
40
Cross sectional studies
Study group chosen to represent a subgroup of society
41
Case control studies
Compare control group and non control group to find odds of exposure
42
Prospective cohort studies
Compare people with and without exposure to see disease development
43
Mortality rates (5)
1. Crude 2. Case specific 3. Infant 4. Sex 5. Standardized
44
Iatrogenesis definition
Sickness or injury caused by the healthcare system
45
Mark Brockman - Why is CD4 Important? (2)
1. CD4 is important to fight infection 2. CD4 count is used to track HIV progress (high count = low progress)
46
Mark Brockman - What type of cells contribute to antiviral immunity?
CD8 T cells (search and suppress/destroy)
47
Mark Brockman - What is cART and how does it work? (2)
1. Greatest achievement against HIV 2. Used to slow HIV reproduction in the body
48
Mark Brockman - Why is cART unable to eliminate HIV?
cART is unable to locate/eliminate HIV reservoirs
49
Mark Brockman - Why don't we have a vaccine for HIV yet? (2)
1. HIV is highly adaptive 2. Reservoirs are major barrier to cure
50
Ottawa charter health promo vs individual health promo
Ottawa charter: - social determinants reflect outcomes - targets the population - action Stratagies (DRSBC) Individual: - lifestyle reflects outcomes - targets individuals - process to empower people to improve their health through education
51
Gender Explanations (3 levels)
Individual - display - orientation - identity interactional - how people are treated based on gender Structural level - gendered status - labour division - sexual scripts
52
Unnatural causes film - main points (4)
1. Social class is the biggest determinant of health 2. Wealth = health 3. Death cares and illness correlate to status 4. Poor status->stress->cortisol for extended lengths->health problems (impaired immune system, shrink brain, inhibit memory)
53
Mythbusters - international doctors will solve doctor shortage in rural areas. Why is this a myth? (2) Potential solution? (1)
1. The only reason these doctors are in rural areas is to finish contracts or degrees 2. They have no reason to stay as opportunities are better elsewhere/they'd like to return to home or family 1. Encourage more people to rural communities to go into healthcare
54
Mythbusters - user fees ensure better use of healthcare. Why is this a myth? (3)
1. Discourages people from using healthcare 2. Will prevent some necessary visits due to misconception 3. Lower status people will be discouraged due to financial barriers
55
John Snow - research
- Thought Cholera was in the water - used applications of epidemiology to map out and prove his findings in the Broad street pump
56
Age of AIDS - main points (3)
- Stigma - Discrimination against groups prone to HIV - Uganda leading in prevention
57
Canadian Health Act Acronym
CUPPA
58
CUPPA (5) (just terms)
1. Comprehensiveness 2. Universality 3. Portability 4. Public administration 5. Accessibility
59
CUPPA - Comprehensiveness
All medically necessary services are provided
60
CUPPA - Universality
Providing public services insurance to all Canadians equally
61
CUPPA - Portability
All Canadians are covered under public healthcare insurance even while traveling across provinces
62
CUPPA - Public Administration
Operated on a non-profit basis, and by a public agency
63
CUPPA - Accessibility
Reasonable access to medical services without financial or other barriers
64
Age structure - main points (3)
1. Increasing (higher elderly population) 2. Higher elderly population + lower fertility rates = Change in age structure 3. Puts strains on healthcare system due to demanding need of elderly
65
4 Gender Hypotheses (just terms)
1. Role accumulation hypothesis 2. Role strain hypothesis 3. Risk taking hypothesis 4. Social acceptability hypothesis
66
Gender hypothesis - Role Accumulation hypothesis
Suggests that women taking on multiple roles is beneficial for health
67
Gender hypothesis - Role Strain hypothesis
Suggests that women taking on multiple roles is harmful to health
68
Gender hypothesis - Risk taking hypothesis (2)
1. Suggests that men engage in risky activity because they are socialized to do so 2. Suggests that women are socialized to take care of health more than men
69
Gender hypothesis - Social Acceptability
1. Suggests that women are more likely to take on the sick role
70
Explanations of the social gradient (just titles)(4)
1. Materialist 2. Neo Materialist 3. Psychosocial 4. Cultural
71
Social gradient - Materialist explanation
Stress is increased by financial problems and social isolation
72
Social gradient - Neo materialist explanation
Health is affected by social and economic resources, and level of funding in the social structure
73
Social gradient - Psychosocial explanation
Stress is brought on by feeling at the bottom of the social gradient
74
Social gradient - Cultural explanation
People cope with stress and other bad circumstances with drugs and alcohol
75
4 parts of exclusions (just titles)
1. Exclusion from civil society 2. Exclusion from social goods 3. Exclusion from social production 4. Economical exclusion
76
Parts of exclusion - exclusion from civil society
Limitations due to gender, race, and ethnicity
77
Parts of exclusion - exclusion from social goods
limited access to resources and services (eg. housing for the homeless)
78
Parts of exclusion - exclusion from social production
Limited opportunities for employment and other institutions such as higher education
79
Parts of exclusion - Economical exclusion
Limited opportunities for adequate material conditions for living (eg. high crime neighbourhoods)
80
Rudolf Virchow - main points (3)
1. Sent to investigate typhus in Poland 2. Found that lack of democracy led to poor living conditions, then bad hygiene and health, which led to typhus 3. Discovered cell theory
81

HSCI 130 final (1 decks)

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