FINAL Flashcards
(33 cards)
Social actor
Traits
Emerges in infancy
Focus on the present
Motivated agent
Personal goals and plans
Emerges in middle childhood
Focus on present and future
Autobiographical author
Narrative identity
Emerges in adulthood
Focus on past, present and future
Why does McAdams not include self-esteem
Indicator of well-being rather than personality
Co-varies with extraversion strongly (.8)
Baumeister says we should focus on self-control rather than self-esteem
Definition of a personality disorder
Lasting, stable pattern of behaviour that deviates from one’s culture, manifested in inappropriate emotions, lack of control.
Recognizable by childhood or adolescence
Impairment in work and relationships
Myths of narcissim
- It’s just high self-esteem
- They’re insecure and actually have low self-esteem
- They really are great
- Some narcissism is healthy
Sociometer theory on self-esteem
Internal representation of social acceptance and rejection
Self-Determination theory on self-esteem
Healthier when not preoccupied by self-esteem, behaving according to your true self.
Qualities needed to a clinician
(Prof was inspired by movie Ordinary People)
High Intimacy and Power motives
High Agreeableness and Extraversion
Skills: empathy, listener, decoding others
Schwartz’ theory of basic values
Openness to change (hedonism, stimulation, self-direction) opposes Conservation (conformity, tradition, security).
Self-Transcendence (universalism, benevolence) opposes Self-Enhancement (achievement, power).
Occupational Preferences of 3 motives
Achievement: small businesses, research scientists, sales people
Power: manager, clergy, teacher, therapist, journalist (lawyers and doctors not that high in power)
Intimacy: counsellor, mediator
Relationship Big 5 and motives?
No strong correlation
Motives establish the goal, traits establish how the goal will be achieved
Motives= why
Traits= how
Correlates to power
Positive: volunteering, community contributions, effective leadership, acquisition of prestige symbols
Negative: aggression, exploitative, sexuality, drinking, divorce
Men show more negative aspect because they lacked responsibility training as kids
The leadership motive profile
High power
Low affiliation
High activity inhibition
Obama (same as JFK) had the right profile but his introversion might have limited his impact (introversion inhibition hypothesis)
Erikson’s psychological stages
- Trust (1styear)
- Autonomy (2)
- Initiative (4-5)
- Industry (childhood to mid-adolescence)
- Identity (late adolescence, young adulthood)
- Intimacy (young adulthood)
- Generativity (midlife)
- Integrity (old age)
5 is crucial stage: 1-4 shape it, and it shapes 6-8
James Marcia’s Identity Formation
- Exploring
- Commitment
Identity Status Categories:
- Identity Diffusion: no exploration, no commitment (24%). Apathy and Dysphoria
- Foreclosure: no exploration, commitment (28%). Confidence and sureness
- Moratorium: exploration, no commitment (27%). Anxiety and doubt
- Identity Achievement: exploration and commitment (21%). Reflective confidence
Move up as we go through Uni
Intimacy status categories
Isolate: no depth, no commitment
Stereotypes: no depth, commitment
Pre-intimate: depth, no commitment
Intimate: depth and commitment
Diffusion fits most with isolate
Achieved fits most with Intimate
Generativity
An adult’s concern for and commitment to the well-being of youth and future generations, as evidenced by teaching, mentoring and other activities aimed at passing a positive legacy to the next generation
Statuses:
- Stagnant: shallow involvement and narrow scope
- Pseudo-generative: shallow involvement, wide scope
- Conventional: Deep involvement, narrow scope
- Generative: deep involvement, wide scope
McAdam’s model of generativity
Three components:
- Generative concerns (values)
- Generative acts
- Generative strivings
Attachement Styles
Secure (60%): low N, high E & A
Anxious (25%): very high N
Avoidant (15%): low E & A
Three major needs
ARC
Autonomy
Relatedness
Competence
Three orientations
Autonomous behaviour: rare, based on one’s needs
Controlled behaviour: go-to move, feeling pressure
Impersonal behaviour: beyond intentional control
Autonomy
“To resist influence
or coercion; to defy
an authority or to
seek freedom in a
new place. To strive
for independence”
resistance to hypnotism
a strong dislike of work environments that encourage supportiveness and teamwork.
a lack of persistence in pursuing goals.
Reactive vs Reflective autonomy
Reactive: ACL, control, higher for men, high E & O, very low A, focus on me, unpleasant interaction with authority, threatened by experts, do their own research and rely on social media, low rates of vaccination
Reflective: GCOS, higher for women, no traits correlations, focus on we, better peer interaction, rely on credible experts
