final

Question 1

the outermost layer of the earth’s mantle, where convection occurs

Answer 1

asthenosphere

Question 2

when materials separate from one another due to their differences in densities

Answer 2

differentiation

Question 3

a pair of equally charged poles separated by distance in which a positive charge is separated from a negative charge

Answer 3

dipole

Question 4

the temperature at which the magnetic materials undergo changes in their properties

Answer 4

curie point

Question 5

the locations of the earth’s plates, where we see the development of volcanic and earthquake activity

Answer 5

tectonic boundaries

Question 6

a planet composed of mostly silicate rocks and materials (earth is and Jupiter isn’t)

Answer 6

terrestrial planet

Question 7

the departure of the compass from the true north

Answer 7

magnetic declination

Question 8

the inclination of the compass to the true north

Answer 8

magnetic inclination

Question 9

the change in the magnetic field’s polarity to the opposite direction

Answer 9

magnetic reversal

Question 10

where tectonic plates converge or sheer past one another

Answer 10

active margin

Question 11

mineral

Answer 11

A solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substance with a distinct chemical composition and crystalline structure

Question 12

a symmetric change in grain or clast size from one side of the bed to the other

Answer 12

graded bed

Question 13

the metamorphic process of a rock experiencing pressure and as a result, forming folds

Answer 13

foliation

Question 14

the previous rock type of a metamorphosized rock

Answer 14

protolith

Question 15

the materials inside of a rock that is made up of different-sized grains

Answer 15

clast

Question 16

the process by which rocks are organized into a similar size

Answer 16

sorting

Question 17

the visible and course-grained texture of a rock

Answer 17

phanaretic

Question 18

a lighter-colored mineral that will melt at a lower temperature and pressure and with higher silica content

Answer 18

felsic

Question 19

the scale at which different minerals would melt at a certain heat and pressure

Answer 19

Bowens reaction series

Question 20

the physical changes occurring during the conversion of sediments to sedimentary rocks

Answer 20

diagenesis

Question 21

the direction of a line formed by a feature that indicates the position of a linear structure

Answer 21

strike

Question 22

the angle at which a land feature slopes down

Answer 22

dip

Question 23

the principle that a wave will mirror at an angle on a body of higher volume

Answer 23

refraction

Question 24

the resistance of a fluid substance to flow and gases

Answer 24

viscosity

Question 25

a volcanic igneous rock that forms when lava of basaltic composition erupted underwater

Answer 25

pillow basalt

Question 26

a volcano that has alternating layers of lava and ash

Answer 26

stratovolcano

Question 27

the downwards traveling material made up of ash and volcanic materials

Answer 27

pyroclastic flow

Question 28

a material returning to its original shape after stress was released

Answer 28

elastic deformation

Question 29

when the upper block above the fault plane moves up and over the lower block

Answer 29

thrust fault

Question 30

the type of energy propagation through a medium by means of forward propagation

Answer 30

acoustic wave

Question 31

changes that add to the surface of the earth

Answer 31

constructive process

Question 32

downward progression of soil under the earths gravitational pull

Answer 32

soil creep

Question 33

an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point

Answer 33

drainage basin

Question 34

the precise age of a rock in years

Answer 34

numeric age

Question 35

the principle that the oldest layers of rock are the lowest and the oldest layers of rock are the newest

Answer 35

superposition

Question 36

an unconformity in which the beds above and below the surface are parallel.

Answer 36

disconformity

Question 37

a surface in which stratified rocks rest on intrusive igneous rocks or metamorphic rocks that contain no stratification

Answer 37

nonconformity

Question 38

occur where sea levels fall relative to land level

Answer 38

emergent shoreline

Question 39

fossils used to define and identify geologic periods

Answer 39

index fossils

Question 40

the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping

Answer 40

angle of repose