Final Flashcards

Question

Hanukkah

Answer 1

coincides with Christmas

Answer 2

200 BCE translation of the Tanakh into Greek legend: 70 scribes in 70 huts translate - more similarities than differences - divine miracle

Answer 3

developed after the Babylonian destruction of the Temple as a way to worship without the Temple

Answer 4

166 BCE Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Syrian-Hellenic king, regarded himself as a god, clashing with Jewish faith, and triggering a revolt

Answer 5

upper class, conservative agreed to acknowledge Roman rule so long as they could rule the Jews

Answer 6

the most faithful way of being Jewish strict adherence to Moses’ Law Jesus’ objection to this position was that the social distinctions strict adherence created were not compatible with HASHEM’s compassion

Answer 7

separatists went into the desert to wait for the End possibly the origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Answer 8

militant resistance to Roman rule

Answer 9

During the destruction of the Temple, Jews were allowed to take refuge here (on the coast) Rabbis developed out of the Pharisees 90 CE - Canon established here

Answer 10

hypothesized early source for the Gospels Mark — Matthew+Luke; Matthew — Mark+Q; Luke — Q+Mark

Answer 11

wrote before the Gospels, 40-50s, but never met Jesus first theologian Pharisaic Jew

Answer 12

central tenet of Judaism “Hear, o Israel: the LORD [is] our God, the LORD is One.” Deuteronomy 6:4

Answer 13

paleontologist priest evolutionary view of God “an Omega calling Creation to fulfillment”

Answer 14

unconditional love breaking of conventions

Answer 15

Samaritans were regarded as “half-breeds” ritualistically pure Jews did not help - ritual is not enough

Answer 16

140 earliest canon Luke and Paul’s letters dispensed with the Hebrew Bible

Answer 17

185 working in Gaul canonised the Hebrew Bible and chose 4 gospels “Against the Heresies” (Gnosticism)

Answer 18

325, established during the Council of Nicaea under Constantine establishes Jesus human/divine nature

Answer 19

God is Three-in-One, proceeding from the disciples’ experience both of Jesus as divine and of the Holy Spirit (Pentecost) the various parts of the Trinity are intimate with one another but not the same homoiousios = like substance (heresy) homoousios = equal substance (canon)

Answer 20

“believing this world is a tremendous mistake” knowledge not shared with others underground

Answer 21

354-430 Confessions “Do I need to see Him to believe in Him?” “I was as a wasteland to myself, an inextricable naughtiness” knowingly to do the wrong thing

Answer 22

contemporaneous with Augustine knew all the languages of the Bible Vulgate translation into Latin

Answer 23

1100 Ontological argument: “That reality greater than which no being can be conceived”

Answer 24

Cosmological argument: “It is becaus of God that anything came into being” (beginnings) Teleological argument: “Drawing reality to its fulfillment” (endings)

Answer 25

movement during the Renaissance reaction against the corruption of the Church resulted in Protestantism

Answer 26

1517 conversion experience: violent thunderstorm - terrifying experience witnesses the selling of indulgences in the Church and rebells against the misuse of authority Under pain of death: “Here I stand, I can do no else; as God and my conscience are my witness, I cannot and will not recant.”

Answer 27

temple in Mecca said to be built by Abraham pilgrimage site for modern Muslims

Answer 28

1 AH = Muhammad’s coming to Yathrib = 570-632 name is part of what the religion cultivates (submission) there was a massive number of religious forms in Muhammad’s time as he becomes aware of the injustices of the world, he begins to hear revelations His wife was his first convert - she believe him when even he was uncertain

Answer 29

“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger/prophet”

Answer 30

Creed Poor due (charity) Ramadan prayer 5 times a day pilgrimage to Mecca

Answer 31

Mircea Eliade, “The Sacred and the Profane”

Answer 32

Neo-traditional only those on the mountain are saved - one single path and no other

Answer 33

“our religion can tolerate the multiplicities best” as one gets to the top, the differences fall away

Answer 34

Hold onto the differences while working towards unity

Answer 35

The Ultimate is personal The Ultimate is a single entity (Shema’) The Ultimate is good in a moral sense and benevolent

Answer 36

Because HASHEM is inherently good, the product of His creation (the world) is inherently good When things go wrong, the fault lies in us, not in the world/reality

Answer 37

Humans are both frail—physically and morally—and quasi-divine Humans tend to “miss the mark” (sin), but have the freedom to do so or not Humans are God’s children

Answer 38

context of life Collective action a didactic message from God a transitory opportunity social betterment is possible

Answer 39

The moral precepts of the Ten Commandments form a foundation for social coexistence: No murder No messing around with married persons No theft No perjury

Answer 40

The prophets, a group of people without official power, speaking with the Voice of HASHEM, call to account acts of injustice even on the part of kings 3 eras: Prophetic Guilds: divine ecstasy in groups Individual Pre-Writing Prophets: call to justice against kings (Ahab and David), but this was before the things were written down Writing Prophets: at this time corruption was rampant, and the prophets were speaking out against SOCIAL injustice

Answer 41

When Israel was conquered and subjugated (first by Assyria, then by Babylon), rather than accept that their god’s power was not sufficient to protect them, the prophets concluded that they were meant to learn something from their suffering: The worth of freedom (which in their prosperity they forgot) Passion for freedom and justice throughout the entire world

Answer 42

a figure chosen by God, who would return the Jews to their homeland and establish a reign of morality on earth

Answer 43

In Judaism, the purpose of ritual is to hallow all life: because all creation was made by God, to go through life without acknowledging its holiness is quite literally impious History is a vessel for this holiness: like Hinduism’s myths, Judaism’s historical events bring to mind the essence of God

Answer 44

The profound insights of Judaism were revealed, not with words, but in actions. Everything proceeds from the Exodus; it was this event that revealed the remarkable character of HASHEM. Power: more powerful than any other god of the time Love: grace was the only possible explanation for the Jews’ liberation Concern: these acts revealed a direct concern for human affairs (paradoxically)

Answer 45

This apparently typical “primacy of the People” takes unusual dimensions in that the Jews were called to suffering, not to glory, for the sake of the world The conclusion is based, not on religious arrogance, but on the assumption that, since there could not be anything special about the Jews themselves, their primacy must stem from God’s choice.

Answer 46

“He went about doing good” “Never spoke man thus” - it is not WHAT he said that sets him apart, but HOW he said it, using metaphors to resonate with the average person’s experience and thus nesting authority in the hearer’s own hearts “We have seen his glory” - he was a man so transparent to God’s will that people sensed that they were experiencing something divine

Answer 47

The attitude of its disciples: love for one another and joy in the experience of life, arising from the removal of guilt, fear of death, and the self - in other words, a transformation exactly the same as what the East calls “enlightenment” - itself arising out of the direct experience of a divine love.

Answer 48

Jesus was at once fully divine and fully human The difficult part of this doctrine for the time was his humanity

Answer 49

In modern conception, the idea of “sin” is estrangement from the Divine. In other words, attachment to the self (exactly as in Hinduism) prevents us from reaching the Divine, and a higher power is needed to liberate us from that attachment.

Answer 50

The Church establishes doctrine/interpretation on what is not clarified by scripture Papal infallibility: when the pope speaks officially on matters of faith or morals, “God stays him from error.”

Answer 51

Baptism Confirmation (age of majority) Holy Matrimony/Holy Orders (convent) Sacrament of the Sick Reconciliation/Confession Holy Eucharist

Answer 52

“Restoration to right relationship with the ground of their being, and with their associates” Faith is an act not simply of the rational mind, but of the emotions - love and trust - and of the will Sacraments are important, but without this faith, they are meaningless.

Answer 53

Human allegiance belongs to God, and NOTHING can take His place. This specifically excludes the conceptual deification (absolutism) of institutions important to Christianity: the Bible, the Sacraments, papal authority, etc.

Answer 54

1. Speech gives much more room for expression than does the written word 2. Reliance on the written word reduces the need for memory and contributes to its disuse (a similar argument could be made for technology) 3. The primacy of text reduces one’s ability to read symbolism

Answer 55

Oren Lyons story - “Oren, you ARE that mountain,” etc. With their respect for the natural world, primal religions are embedded in place “‘Being in their place is what makes [objects] sacred, for if they were taken out of their place, even in thought, the entire order of the universe would be destroyed.’” (372)

Answer 56

Primal time is not linear “Past” means closer to the Source; temporal sequence is not the point Elders are respected not because they are older or wiser, but because they are closer to the Source Cf. Tayo’s idea of this night as being the same as every night, always happening all at once

Answer 57

A tribe is ritually bound to a specific animal, which they respect and refuse to harm Symbol of the tribe, and of a specific ancestor/hero Represents the closeness of the human and nature, unlike in the historical religions

Answer 58

all things are transparent to their divine Source

Answer 59

Spiritual savant having suffered trauma in early years, have managed to heal themselves and thus acquired prodigious psychic/cosmic powers Engage with spirits Healers Foretellers

Answer 60

1. Reality is an integrated whole, encompassing us all 2. Reality is better than it seems, and because we are part of that reality, we are part of that grandeur 3. Reality is steeped in mystery that is beyond the human capacity to comprehend: the more we know, the more there remains to know.

Answer 61

“fortunate ‘fall’” (actually “fault”)