Final

Question 1

Biological control in relation to pest management

Answer 1

The use of a natural predator to keep pest populations under control

• natural fungicides

Question 2

How does pesticide resistance occur?

Answer 2

In a whole population some organisms may be resistant to the pesticide, survive, and then reproduce and increase in numbers

Question 3

What is a pro and con of backyard chicken coops in cities?

Answer 3

Pro: families have sustainable source of food
Con: disease, regulation costs

Question 4

What is roundup-ready canola? Or other crops?

Answer 4

It is a genetically modified crop that is resistant to the use of the roundup herbicide

Question 5

What is the difference between rapeseed and canola?

Answer 5

Rapeseed had a poor taste and a green colour, canola was chosen for its low euric acid concentration

Question 6

What percentage of euric acid can be present for it to be considered to canola oil?

Answer 6

Less than 2% euric acid

Question 7

What kind of herbicide is roundup?

Answer 7

Glyphophate - broad spectrum and fast acting

Question 8

What is a negative impact of glyphosphate herbicide?

Answer 8

Present in ground water and run-off

Question 9

Who was Percy Schmeiser? Relation to roundup

Answer 9

Accused by Roundup of illegally planting their crops without a contract

• his crops were contaminated from neighbouring farms
• became an anti-GM activist

Question 10

Why are the solutions to feeding the world’s population difficult?

Answer 10

Solutions come with severe environmental impacts
- monoculture, lack of diversity

Question 11

What is intensification?

Answer 11

The increase in area used for crops within a predetermined area

Question 12

What are the 6 As of food security?

Answer 12

Availability
Affordability
Adequacy
Acceptability
Accessibility
Agency

Question 13

What are the consequences of major agriculture use?

Answer 13

Loss of biodiversity
Decrease water quality and quantity
Decrease soil quality and quantity

Question 14

What is the green revolution?

Answer 14

Period of technology use that assisted in the increase in crop yield

Question 15

Who was Norman Borlaug?

Answer 15

Father of the Green Revolution

Question 16

What is the Borlaug hypothesis?

Answer 16

Increasing productivity of agriculture on the best farmland will decrease the need for deforestation of other potential farmland

Question 17

Extensification

Answer 17

Bringing more land into production

Question 18

Salinization

Answer 18

Increase in salt content of the soil
- consequence of green revolution

Question 19

How much has energy input into agriculture increased since 1990?

Answer 19

800%

Question 20

What is the main use and reason for extraction of freshwater worldwide?

Answer 20

Agriculture irrigation

Question 21

What are 2 types of irrigation?

Answer 21

Conventional and drip

Question 22

What is a benefit and downside to monoculture?

Answer 22

Pro: highly efficient output of crops
Cons: major biodiversity consequences; susceptible to disease

Question 23

What are 3 concerns of of pesticides?

Answer 23

• toxic effects on humans and non-target animals
• cumulative effects

Question 24

What is DDT?

Answer 24

An insecticide that was used in the states up until the 70s when it was banned

Question 25

What is the EPA and what was it created in response to?

Answer 25

Environmental Protection Agency (US)

Created in response to Rachel Carson’s book and attack on pesticides

Question 26

What is another example of biological control?

Answer 26

Using cactus moths to control vegetation

Question 27

What are some issues of biocontrol (biological control)? 2

Answer 27

Predicting effects of introduced species can be hard
Can have effects on other non targets

Question 28

What is integrated pest management (IPM)?

Answer 28

Combines biocontrol, chemical control, and other methods for reducing pest populations