final Flashcards
1
Q
Penicillin effect against what bacteria
A
gram +
2
Q
Penicillin main adverse effect is?
A
allergy
3
Q
Cephalosporin is categorized into?
A
generation
4
Q
What happens as the generation of cephalosporins increase?
A
increase effectiveness against gram negative bacteria
increase resistance to beta lactamase
5
Q
What are you watching for when a pt has 3+ watery stools/24hrs
A
C.diff
6
Q
Vancomycin used to treat?
A
MRSA and C.diff
7
Q
Vancomycin adverse effect?
A
renal failure
ototoxicity
“Red Man Syndrome” (IV)
Thrombophlebitis
8
Q
Tetracyclines are alternative to?
A
alternative to pcn
9
Q
Tetracycline adverse effects
A
binds to calcium (developing teeth)
teratogenic
10
Q
Macrolides are alternative to?
A
PCN
11
Q
Macrolide adverse effects
A
CYP inhibitor
QT prolongation
GI upset
Superinfection
12
Q
Aminoglycoside gentamicin not absorbed where?
A
in the GI tract, (must be given parenterally)
13
Q
Aminoglycoside gentamicin IV dosed by?
A
weight
14
Q
Aminoglycoside gentamicin NTI?
A
yes
15
Q
Aminoglycoside gentamicin adverse effects
A
irreversible ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
16
Q
sulfamethoxazole and silver sulfadiazine adverse effects
A
stevens-johnson syndrome
allergy
renal damage is crystals form
teratogenic
17
Q
Trimethoprim adverse effects
A
itching and rash - common
hyperkalemia
teratogenic
18
Q
nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) adverse effects
A
Gi effects
avoid in last trimester
rare hypersensitivity reaction
19
Q
first line TB drugs
A
isoniazid and rifampin
20
Q
isoniazid adverse effects
A
peripheral neuropathy (common)
hepatotoxicity
21
Q
Rifampin adverse effects
A
CYP enzyme inducer
harmless red orange color of bodily fluids
hepatotoxicity
22
Q
Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) consideration - ANTB
A
dairy inhibits absorption
23
Q
Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) adverse pain - ANTB
A
tendonitis/ achilles rupture
CYP enzyme inhbitor
24
Q
Metronidazole (Flagyl) adverse effects - ANTB
A
ETOH - sever vomiting
Cyp enzyme inhibitor
25
Fluconazole (DIflucan) is what
antifungal for candida infections
26
what does amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) do
prevents bacteria from breaking down beta lactam ring
27
Cimetidine uses- histamine 2 receptor antagonist
ulcers
Gerd
28
Cimetidine adverse effects- histamine 2 receptor antagonist
BBB--> CNS disturbances
elderly
renal impairment
29
Omeprazole adverse effects- PPI
3 months: magnesium deficiency
12 months : osteoporosis
36 months: B12 deficiency
30
Sucralfate Mucosal protecting agent uses
acute or chronic ulcer treatment
31
Sucralfate Mucosal protecting agent adverse effects
no significant system adverse effects
32
antacids adverse effects
calcium and magnesium = constipation
magnesium = diarrhea
33
misoprostol prostaglandin analog adverse effects
teratogenic
diarrhea, abdominal pain
34
misoprostol prostaglandin analog uses
only approved for prevention of NSAID- induced gastric ulcers
35
docusate sodium (Colace) - laxative goal
produce soft stool in 1-3 days
36
lovastatin uses - GM-CoA reductase inhibitors
Hypercholesterolemia
37
lovastatin adverse effects
myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
hepatotoxicity
teratogenic
38
Colesevelam - bile acid sequestrant uses/used with
hypercholesterolemia - used with statins
39
Colesevelam adverse effects
GI
med interactions (take alone)
40
Ezetimibe does what
blocks absorption of cholesterol in small intesitne
41
fibrates: Gemfibrozil uses
TGL reduction, HDL increase nice side effect
42
Gemfibrozil adverse effects
GI, watch for gallstones
myopathy
hepatotoxicity
displaces warfarin from albumin
43
nitroglycerin uses
all forms of Angina
44
adverse effects of nitroglycerin
headache
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
45
nitroglycerin interactions
other HTN drugs
erectile dysfunction drugs contraindicated
beta blockers/CCB: verapamil and diltiazem
46
beta blocker uses
stable/unstable angina
HTN
tachycardia
post MI
stage fright
47
beta blocker adverse effects
bradycardia
reduced cardiac output
48
Ranolazine - ranexa uses
stable angina
- does not reduced heart rate, blood pressure, or vascular resistance
49
Ranolazine - ranexa adverse effects
watch for ventricular dysrhythmias and HTN
50
Calcium channel blockers verapamil and diltiazem uses
stable and variant angina
51
stable angina treatment
organic nitrates
beta blockers
ccb
52
variant angina treatment
organic nitrates
ccb
53
unstable angina
organic nitrates
oxygen
beta blocker
anti-platelets
54
Heparin uses
prevent DVTS
okay with pregnancy
55
adverse effects of heparin
bleeding
56
heparin monitored with
aPTT = 40 seconds normal
on heparin = 60-80 seconds
57
if heparin overdose occurs give
protamine sulfate by IV injection
58
enoxaparin (Lovenox) - anticoagulant uses
prevents DVTs
59
benefits of lovenox
doesnt require aPTT monitor
can be used at home
fixed time dosing
60
warfarin (Coumadin) not used when
thrombotic emergencies
61
warfarin (Coumadin) used when
long term prevention of thrombosis
62
therapeutic INR of warfarin
2.0-3.0
63
must monitor what for warfarin
blood clotting
64
what food affect INR levels of warfarin
mayo
green leafy
canola and soybean oils
65
in case of overdose of warfarin do what
small doses of vitamin K
66
aspirin adverse effect
bleeding
67
antidote to aspirin overdose
sodium bicarb
68
clopidogrel (Plavix) is what
antiplatelet
69
Thrombolytic alteplace (aTP) uses
acute MI, stroke, PE
70
what is captopril and lisinopril?
ace inhibitor
71
what to watch for with ace inhibitors
- first dose hypotension
- cough (common)
- hyperkalemia
- teratogenic
- once daily dosing
72
what are candesartan and olmesartan
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
73
what to watch for with ARBs
same as ACEs but no cough
74
Calcium Channel Blockers examples
nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
75
nifedipine (Procardia) uses
HTN
angina
may be combine with a B-blocker to reduce reflex tachycardia
76
nifedipine adverse effect
reflex tachycardia
flushing
dizziness/headache
77
verapamil and diltiazem uses
HTN, angina, dysrhythmias
78
verapamil and diltiazem adverse effects
constipation
bradycardia and heart blocks
flushing
dizziness/headache
79
Hydralazine is what and is used for what
vasodilator
HTN
80
hydralazine adverse effects
reflex tachycardia
fluid retention
81
Minoxidil is what and used when
vasodilator
used when other anti HTN drugs don't work
82
minoxidil adverse effects
angina
reflex tachycardia
fluid retention
hypertrichosis
83
sodium nitroprusside is what and given when?
vasodilator given IV for HTN emergencies
84
sodium nitroprusside adverse effects
orthostatic hypotension
fluid retention
cyanide poisoning (liver disease)
85
Clonidine is what
a centrally acting HTN drug
86
Clonidine adverse effects
hypotension
drowsiness
xerostomia (dry mouth)
rebound HTN
risk for abuse
87
treatment of respiratory acidosis
sodium bicarb
88
treatment of respiratory alkalosis
breathe in exhaled CO2
benzo (sedation)
89
trmt of metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarb
90
tmt of metabolic acidosis
IVF 0.9% NS + KCL
infusion of hydrochloric acid `
91
Furosemide (Lasix) is what and used for what
loop diuretic used when significant fluid excess exists
92
furosemide (lasix) adverse effects
hyponatremia, hypokalemia
dehydration/hypovolemia/hypotension
avoid during pregnancy
PO and IV
93
furosemide (lasix) interactions
digoxin
lithium
k-sparing diuretics
94
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is what and used for what
thiazide diuretic
HTN
moderate edema
95
HCTZ adverse effects
hyponatremia, hypokalemia (less severe than loops)
hypovolemia (less severe than loops)
avoid during pregnancy
PO only
96
HCTZ interactions
same as furosemide
97
what is spironolactone and used for
potassium-sparing diuretic
HTN
edema
HF
tmt of primary hyperaldosteronism
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
98
spironolactone adverse effects
gynecomastia
menstrual irregularities
impotence
hirsutism
deepening of voice
99
what is triamterene and used for
HTN and edmea, added on to loop or thiazide to maintain potassium
100
triamterene adverse effects
not well tolerated, n/v, leg cramps, dizziness
101
what is mannitol and used for
osmotic diuretic
ICP
IOP
102
adverse effects of mannitol
peripheral edema
headache
n/v
potential hypovolemia
103
what is used to treat HF
diuretics, ACEs, BB, Digoxin
104
Digoxin NTI range:
0.5-0.8 ng/mL
105
Digoxin adverse effect
dysrhythmias
toxicity
106
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI's)
Sacubitril/Valsarten (Entresto)
107
Sacubitril/Valsarten (Entresto) used when
in place of ACE or ARB
108
Sacubitril/Valsarten (Entresto) adverse effects
cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
teratogenic
109
adverse effects of Alpha 1 agonists
HTN
bradycardia
tissue necrosis
110
beta 1 agonists activation where
heart
111
beta 1 agonists adverse effects
tachycardia
dysrhythmia
angina
112
beta 2 agonist actvates where
lungs
113
beta 2 agonists adverse effects
hyperglycemia
muscle tremors
114
dopamine receptor activation low doses does what
dilation of renal blood vessels
improves GFR and urine output
115
dopamine receptor activation high doses doses what
Beta 1 and alpha 1 effects
used for hemodynamic support
116
dopamine receptor activation adverse effects in high doses
dysrhythmias/tachycardia
angina
tissue necrosis
117
epinephrine receptor activates what? and used for what
all alpha and beta receptors
- anesthesia
- reverse AV heart block
- anaphylaxis
118
alpha 1 blocker prototype:
prazosin
119
prazosin uses
Essential HTN
BPH
raynaud's disease
reveral of overdose/toxicity
120
prazosin adverse effects
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
nasal congestion
inhibition of ejaculation
121
non-selective alpha blocker
phentolamine
122
phentolamine uses
pheochromocytoma
tissue necrosis
123
phentolamine adverse effects
same as alpha 1 antagonists
significan reflex tachycardia
124
beta 1 blocker uses
HTN
stable angina
tachycardia
post MI
migraines
stage fright
glaucoma
125
beta 1 blocker adverse effects
bradycardia
reduced cardiac output
Av heart block
126
beta 2 blocker uses
none
127
adverse effects of beta 2 blockers
bronchoconstriction
inhibition of glycogenolysis
128
1st gen beta blocker : proranolol uses/ effects
stage fright. angina, HTN, MI
beta 1 and 2 effects
129
2nd gen beta blocker : metoprolol uses and effects
HTN, angina, MI, HF
beta 1 effects only
130
3rd gen beta blocker: carvedilol uses and effects
HTN, angina, MI, HF
B1,B2, and A1 effects
131
bethanechol is what and used for what?
muscarinic agonists, used for non-obstructive urinary retention and GERD
132
adverse effects of bethanechol
bradycardia, hypotensions
SOB
increased salivation and GI motility
133
muscarinic agonist considerations
advise to take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals
SLUDGE
134
muscarinic antagonists used to treat / effects
OAB
bradycadria
eye disorder
motion sickness
asthma
can't poem
135
oxybutynin is what and used for what
muscarinic antagonist used for OAB tmt
136
oxybutynin adverse effects
anticholinergic effects
don't give with other anticholinergic drugs
137
atropine is what used for what
muscarinic antagonists used for bradycardia, eye exams, cholinergic overdosse
138
adverse effects of atropine
can't poem
139
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) used for
inhaler for asthma
nasal spray for allergic rhinitis
140
azelastine (Astelin) and Olopatadine (Patanase) are what with what adverse effects
intranasal antihistamines
nasal dryness, epistaxis, headaches
141
fluticasone (Flonase) and mometasone (Nasonex) are what with what effects
intranasal glucocorticoids
most effective medication for allergic rhinitis
mild adverse effects : dry mucosa, epistaxis, headache
142
adverse effects of decongestants
rebound congestions
restlessness, anxiety, insomnia
potential for abuse
143
inhaled corticosteroid does what
controls inflammation, for prevention of attacks not PRN use
144
adverse effects of glucocorticoids
mouth thrush
dysphonia
increase glucose level
145
SABAs are what and used when
rescue inhalers
used PRN
146
LABAs are what and used when
not a rescue inhaler! its a controller
must be combine with ICS
147
Oral B2 agonists used for when and examples
only long term control - not for acute attack
albuterol, terbutaline
148
insulin lispro is what duration
short duration
149
lispro peaks when durates how long and is clear or cloudy
peaks 30 minutes, durates 6 hrs, clear suspension
150
regular insulin is what duration
short duration
151
regular insulin peaks when durates how long and looks how
peaks 1 hr, durates 10 hrs, clear suspension
152
regular insulin is only insulin given IV true or false
true
153
NPH is what duration
intermediate
154
NPH peaks when, durates how long and looks how
peaks 6 hrs, durates 24 hrs , cloudy suspension
155
can NPH be mixed with short acting insulins and how?
yes, clear before cloudy
156
long duration insulins
glargine, and detemir
no peak
never IV
157
ultra long
glargine (Toujeo)
degludec
158
metformin adverse effects
gi effects
b12 deficiency
no hypoglycemia
159
adverse effects of sulfonylurea glipizide
hypoglycemia
no alcohol
160
TZD pioglitazone adverse ffects
fluid retention (bad for HF pts.)
161
acarbose adberse effects
GI
monitor for anemia
monitor LFTs
hypoglycemia
162
sitagliptin adverse effects
pancreatitis
N/V
belly pain
163
canagliflozin adverse effects
increased urination
UTIs/fungal infections
164
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 GLP-1 : exenatide
gi effects
hypoglycemia
pancreatitis
renal impairment
165
levothyroxine treats what
hypothyroidism
166
levothyroxine pt ed
take early AM on empty stomach
generic/brand consistency
regular lab monitoring
report thyrotoxic symptoms
167
methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) treat what
hyperthyroidism
168
methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) which one safer for preg
PTU
169
addisons is an insufficiency of what treated how
adrenal hormone treated with glucocorticoids
170
Levodopa : dopamine replacement considerations
food delays absorption (esp protein)
loss of effect common
171
carbidopa/levodopa works as a and allows what
crossing guard and allows to give a lower dose of levodopa
172
entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa does what
extends half life of levodopa
173
pramipexole used when and adverse effects
alone in early stages
with levodopa/carbidopa in advanced
sleep attacks
ok to take with meals
174
donepezil effects
cholinergic effects
175
rivastigmine considerations
available as a patch
causes cholinergic effects
176
memantine considerations
potentiated effect: donepezil and memantine
177
interferon beta adverse effects
flu like symptoms
bone marrow suppression
178
mitoxantrone adverse effects/considerations
IV infusion every 3 months
hepatotoxicity
bone marrow suppression
cardiotoxicity
teratogenic
179
cyclobenzaprine for what
spasms
180
baclofen, dantrolene, and diazepam for what
spasticity
181
aspirin side effects
GI
renal impairment
salicylism syndrome
182
ibuprofen adverse effects
renal impairment
183
tylenol (acetaminophen) adv effects and antidote
liver failure / acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
