final Flashcards
1
Q
what are the three contrast agents used in CT
A
air, barium, & iodine
2
Q
this modality typically acquires images in the coronal, sagittal, axial planes
A
MRI
3
Q
CT acquires images in what plane
A
axial
4
Q
largest body cavity
A
ventral
5
Q
the dorsal body contains?
A
cranium & spine
6
Q
how is the ventral body cavity subdivided
A
thoracic & abdominopelvic
7
Q
what anatomy is found in the RUQ
A
liver, gallbladder, head of pancreas
8
Q
what anatomy is found in the LUQ
A
most of pancreas, stomach, spleen, splenic flexure
9
Q
what is found in the LLQ
A
sigmoid, L ureter,
10
Q
what is found in the RLQ
A
cecum, appendix, majority of bladder
11
Q
what covers the brain & spinal cord
A
meninges
12
Q
name the layers of meninges
A
dura mater - outer layer
arachnoid - middle layer
pia mater - innermost layer
13
Q
most anterior boundary of the thoracic cavity, posterior?
A
sternum , & vertebra
14
Q
where is the thoracic inlet
A
first pair of ribs
15
Q
where is the thoracic outlet
A
T12 , twelfth pair of ribs
16
Q
describe the location of the cardiophrenic sulcus
A
medial angle of base of the lungs
17
Q
where is the cardiac notch located
A
medial surface of left lung
18
Q
what is the visceral layer of the thoracic cavity
A
visceral pleura
19
Q
what chamber makes up the apex of the heart
A
left ventricle
20
Q
what structures are located in the hilar area of the thorax
A
main stem bronchi, blood & lymph vessels & nerves
21
Q
what is the functional unit of the lung
A
alveoli
22
Q
what organs / structures are located in the mediastinum
A
heart, trachea, thymus gland, esophagus, lymph nodes & great vessels
23
Q
what is the location where the right & left bronchi bifurcated known as
A
carina , @ T4-T5
24
Q
what makes up the costotransverse joint
A
transverse process & tubercle of rib
25
what makes up the costovertebral joint
head & vertebral body
26
name the sac that surrounds the heart
pericardium
27
outer most layer of the heart
epicardium
28
inner layer of the heart
endocardium
29
heart muscle itself
myocardium
30
why is the myocardium thicker in the left ventricle than the right
L ventricle is the pump - more work
31
what is the largest artery in the body
aorta
32
what is the largest vein in the body
IVC
33
what coronary artery supplies the interventricular septum, AV bundles & most of the left ventricle & atrium
left coronary artery
34
what is the name of the collateral circulation between the inferior & superior vena cava
azygos venous system
35
what is the tendon structure that attaches the diaphragm to the lumbar spine
crus
36
what are the openings or passages for the vessels and organs from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity referred to as
hiatus’
- caval, esophageal & aortic
37
what type of membrane is the abdominal cavity lining
serous
38
what is the lining of the abdominal cavity called
peritoneum
39
what are the two layers of the peritoneum
parietal & visceral
40
list the organs that are peritoneal (intra)
stomach, spleen
liver, gallbladder
& most of small bowel
41
list the organs that are retroperitoneal
IVC & aorta
pancreas & adrenal glands
kidneys & ureters
42
found in RLQ & good bacteria in gut
vermiform appendix
43
mixed gland (endocrine & exocrine)
pancreas
44
the function of the kidneys
filter blood, produce & excrete urine
45
what is responsible for blood pressure ?
adrenal glands
46
location for vessels to enter & exit in the liver
porta hepatis
47
what organ drains the liver of bile & stores it ?
gallbladder
48
liver functions
metabolic regulation & bile production
49
stomach functions
mechanical break down & absorbs B12
50
what structure , within the brain, provides a pathway for the circulation of the cerebral spinal fluid
ventricles / ventricular system
51
what structure is responsible for production of CSF
choroid plexus
52
what is the term for the separation of the right & left ventricles @ midline? & what’s the major purpose for visualization on a CT
septum pellicum , and to look for a midline shift
53
what are the names of the structures that hold or where CSF pools in the brain? what is the largest?
cisterns , and cistern magna
54
what is the largest portion of the brain? what are two halves known as ?
cerebrum & hemispheres
55
describe gyri
folds
56
describe sulci
grooves , separate gyri
57
describe fissures
deeper grooves
58
list the major structures of the diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, pituitary gland & pineal gland
59
what gland is known as the master gland
pituitary gland
60
the major segments of the brain stem
midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata
61
what is known as the “little brain” & where is it located
cerebellum & posterior to brain stem
62
describe blood brain barrier
protects brain against infections
63
which is the largest of the cerebral arteries
middle
64
what is the circle of willis
collateral blood flow , cerebral arterial circle & keeps anastomosis’ in tact
65
What is the extension of the oral cavity that extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone
oropharynx
66
which part of the pharynx contains the uvula
nasopharynx
67
What structure surrounds and protects the vocal cords
larynx
68
largest of the laryngeal cartilages
thyroid cartilage
69
The trachea sits _______ to the esophagus 
anterior
70
vein that drains blood from the brain and superficial parts of the face and neck
internal jugular
71
The brachiocephalic vein is formed by which to veins
internal jugular & subclavian
72
Largest of the three salivary glands
parotid gland
73
the cranium is composed of ____ bones
8
74
describe the structure of the cranial bones
two compact layers with spongy bone (diploe) in middle
75
what type of joints are the cranial sutures
fibrous synarthrodial
76
the right kidney is found in what quadrant
RUQ
77
a slight build with a long narrow and shallow thorax that is wider more superiorly
asthenic
78
the abdominopelvic regions found immediately under the ribs are
hypochondriac
79
what lab tests are used to check for kidney function ?
BUN & creatine
80
what lab test is used to check for a blood clot
D-Dimer
81
what lab tests are used to check for bleeding times
PT & PTT
82
the fissure separating the frontal & parietal lobes from the temporal lobe is the
lateral
83
describe white brain matter
composed of neurons with myelinated axons
84
the fissure separating the occipital lobe from the cerebellum is the
transverse
85
the neurons bringing in sensory information to the central nervous system are
afferent neurons
86
which ventricle sits anterior to the cerebellum
fourth
87
the vertebral arteries join together to form the
basilar artery
88
the roof of the orbit is formed by
frontal bone
89
What vessels are responsible for drainage of the head
dural sinuses
90
The ventricles provide a pathway for what substance within the brain
CSF
91
The pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pineal gland are all considered the
hindbrain
92
what structures are responsible for transferring CSF into the dural sinuses and dural venous sinus
arachnoid villi
93
provides a opening for both respiratory and digestive systems
pharynx
94
portion of the pharynx that continues as the esophagus
laryngopharynx
95
the esophagus sits ______ to the cricoid cartilage
posterior
96
The endocrine gland that sits at the level of the cricoid cartilage
thyroid
97
muscle that originates on the sternum and clavicle & inserts on the mastoid tip, is responsible for turning the head from side to side and flexing the neck
sternocleidomastoid muscle
98
which arteries bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries bilaterally
right and left common carotid
99
Which vessel is considered the largest in the neck
internal jugular
100
Which vessel sits external to the SCM 
external jugular
101
which sections of the spine have a lordotic curvature
cervical and lumbar
102
Intervertebral disc spaces are considered which type of joint
amphiarthrodial
103
The extension of the pia matter that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is known as the
filium terminale
104
which imaging modality is preferred for the spinal cord discs and ligaments
MRI
105
Which cartilage of the neck appears as a C shape on axial slices
tracheal cartilage
106
The aorta arises from
the left ventricle
107
The pulmonary veins bring blood to the
left atrium
108
The mitral valve is located between which structures
left atrium & left ventricle
109
The first vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the
brachiocephalic artery
110
The coronary sinus bring blood from the heart muscle into the
right atrium
111
The pulmonary trunk exits the heart via the
right ventricle
112
The SVC & the IVC bring blood back to the
right atrium
113
The lining or covering of the heart is called
pericardium
114
what brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium
The four pulmonary veins 
115
The ridge at the point of bifurcation of the trachea is the
carina
116
what prevents the backflow of blood within the heart
Valves
117
The right lung has ___ lobes
3
118
The descending aorta can be located in the abdominal cavity
anterior and left of the vertebral column
119
The first branch off the abdominal aorta is the
celiac axis
120
at what level does the aorta bifurcate into right and left common iliac arteries
L4
121
The first part of the small intestine is
the duodenum
122
The first part of the large intestine is the
cecum
123
the uterus is found _______ to the bladder
posterior
124
what organ is responsible for detoxifying the body of drugs vitamins and minerals
liver
125
Which ligament separates the caudate and quadrate lobe and attaches the liver to the diaphragm
Falciform ligament
126
The duct directly responsible for draining the liver of bile
hepatic ducts
127
the duct that drains the gallbladder
cystic duct
128
The central portion of the kidneys is termed
medulla
129
The medial indentation of the kidney where the renal vein, artery and ureter enter an exit is termed
hilum
130
is contrast used when looking at the adrenal glands
no
131
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity is termed
peritoneum
132
The linea alba separates which two muscles
rectus abdominis muscle
133
The largest lymphatic organ in the body
spleen
134
medical term for gall stones
choleliths
135
The gallbladder sits on the
inferior posterior surface of the liver
136
what veins do the azygos & hemiazygos arise from
right & left lumbar
137
two main sources of blood to the liver are the
portal vein and hepatic artery
138
name the three branches off the celiac axis
splenic artery, left gastric, and common hepatic artery
139
which vessel supplies blood to the transverse colon
inferior mesenteric artery
140
which vessels are the first to branch off the abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic
141
which two vessels deliver blood to the heart muscle
rt & lt coronary arteries
142
the right common carotid artery bifurcate into the external and internal carotid artery at the level of
C4
143
the S shaped portion of the internal carotid artery is termed the
carotid siphon
144
which veins drain blood from the meninges of the brain
internal jugular veins
145
which of the branches of the abdominal aorta is considered the most superior
celiac artery
146
which two vessels unite to form the hepatic portal vein
superior mesenteric & splenic veins
147
what is the largest lymph vessel in the body
thoracic duct
148
the contrast media of choice for angiography is
nonionic water soluble iodinated
