final

Question 1

electron configuration for ions

Answer 1

1. write regular electron configuration
2. determine the number of electrons needed to gain or lose to have a stable octet
3. write new ion formation

Question 2

ion formation by transition metals

Answer 2

-transition metals have an outer s2d10 electron congfiguration
-d-block elements lose their s electrons before their d electrons when forming ions

Question 3

metals that form more than one charge

Answer 3

Cu1+ and Cu2+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Pb2+ and Pb4+
Sn2+ and Sn4+

Question 4

ionic bonds

Answer 4

electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds

Question 5

electrostatic forces

Answer 5

attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

bonds in metals

Answer 6

-valence electrons in metal atoms are a sea of electrons
-mobile
-drifts freely
-bonds consist of attraction between valence electrons and metal ions
-bonds from delocalized electrons

Question 7

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 7

the 2 electrons are shared equally between the 2 nuclei

Question 8

ternary ionic compound bonds

Answer 8

covalent: holds the atoms in the polyatomic ion together
ionic: bonds the metal cation to the negative polyatomic ion

Question 9

molecule

Answer 9

neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 10

properties of molecular compounds

Answer 10

-lower melting and boiling points
-soft solids, liquids, and gases at room temp
-do not conduct electricity

Question 11

VSEPR model

Answer 11

explains molecular shapes for representative elements; negative electron domains repel each other

Question 12

ABn

Answer 12

A: central atom, bonded to n atoms of B

Question 13

AB2

Answer 13

linear

Question 14

AB3

Answer 14

trigonal pyramidal/planar

Question 15

AB4

Answer 15

tetrahedral

Question 16

electron domains

Answer 16

electron pairs in a covalent bond

Question 17

electron geometries

Answer 17

arrangement of electron domains about the central bonding atom of an ABn molecule, includes nonbonding pairs

Question 18

3 domains

Answer 18

trigonal planar, 120 angle

Question 19

4 domains

Answer 19

tetrahedral, 109.5 angle

Question 20

molecular geometry

Answer 20

arrangement of only the atoms in a molecule; nonbonding pairs are not part of the description

Question 21

what does a molecule’s polarity depend on

Answer 21

shape and nature of bonds

Question 22

intermolecular forces

Answer 22

forces of attraction between molecules

Question 23

types of intermolecular forces

Answer 23

dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonds
london dispersion forces

Question 24

dipole-dipole

Answer 24

delta+ end of a molecule is attracted to delta- end of another molecule
-strongest intermolecular force
-between polar molecules

Question 25

hydrogen bonds

Answer 25

special type of dipole-dipole - H-F, H-O, H-N -large electronegativity -strong dipole with H delta+ -attracted to unshared electron pairs in other molecules

Question 26

london dispersion forces

Answer 26

weak intermolecular forces experienced by all atoms and molecules -electrons constantly in motion -electron distribution can be uneven -creates temporary dipoles

Question 27

alkanes

Answer 27

contains only single bonds (saturated)

Question 28

alkenes

Answer 28

contains one or more double bonds (unsaturated)

Question 29

alkynes

Answer 29

contains one or more triple bonds (unsaturated)

Question 30

stp

Answer 30

standard temperature and pressure

Question 31

empirical formula

Answer 31

lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound

Question 32

acid-base reactions

Answer 32

acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing water (sometimes a weak electrolyte)

Question 33

polyprotic acids

Answer 33

contains more than one ionizable proton and releases them sequentially

Question 34

hydronium ion

Answer 34

H3O+

Question 35

oxidation reduction reactions

Answer 35

electrons are transferred from one reactant to another

Question 36

oxidation

Answer 36

atoms lose electrons

Question 37

reduction

Answer 37

atoms gain electrons