Final

Question 1

Six major minerals`

Answer 1

Sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium

Question 2

If the concentration of solutes is higher______- cells - water flows inside the cell and they can burst

Answer 2

INSIDE

Question 3

If the concentration of solutes is higher_____ cells - water will flow out of the cell and they can shrivel up

Answer 3

OUTSIDE

Question 4

Plays critical role in bone formation as a major part of bone mineral complex

Answer 4

phosphorus

Question 5

painful muscle cramps that develop during sessions of vigorous physical activity in the heat; can last seconds to minutes

Answer 5

heat cramps

Question 6

heat exhaustion vs heat stroke

Answer 6

-in heat exhaustion there is sweating
-heat stroke the person loses ability to sweat

Question 7

Do NOT contain calories and they don’t provide energy directly

Answer 7

vitamins and minerals

Question 8

is iron needed in large amounts

Answer 8

no
trace mineral

Question 9

Almost two-thirds of all the iron in the body is found in

Answer 9

hemoglobin (Hb),

Question 10

protein similar to Hb but found in muscle cells - transports oxygen to muscle cells

Answer 10

myoglobin

Question 11

A TRACE mineral that plays an important role in blood health as it is a component of ceruloplasmin

Answer 11

Cooper

Question 12

MICROcytic anemia nutrients -

Answer 12

iron, copper, vitamin B6

Question 13

MACROcytic anemia nhutrients

Answer 13

• folate or vitamin B12

Question 14

Without adequate _______-, clotting time can be delayed or even fail to occur

Answer 14

vitamin K

Question 15

Scurvy

Answer 15

-vitamin c xu
-Tissue hemorrhage or bleeding can occur, especially of the gums

Question 16

Because vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient, we must consume it on a regular basis as any extra is usually excreted rather than stored

Answer 16

Because vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient, we must consume it on a regular basis as any extra is usually excreted rather than stored

Question 17

compact bone - very dense and is about 80% of the skeleton; the outer surface of all bones is cortical bone plus many small bones (wrist, hands, feet) are made up of entirely cortical bone

Answer 17

cortical bone

Question 18

spongy bone - 20% of the skeleton and found within the ends of long bones

Answer 18

Trabecular bone (spongy)

Question 19

Because it is necessary for absorption of calcium, a lack of ________- severely limits the bioavailability of calcium

Answer 19

vitamin D

Question 20

Vitamin D deficiency in children caused by inadequate mineralization or demineralization of the skeleton

Answer 20

Ricketts

Question 21

________ deficiency during the first few few weeks can lead to brain and spinal cord defects

Answer 21

folate

Question 22

Micronutrient Needs During Pregnancy

Answer 22

-foalte
-B12
-Zinc
-Iodine (significant increase need)
-iron

Question 23

If it is not controlled, it can result in a baby too large (due to too much glucose) and increase risk for early delivery, vaginal trauma during birth or need for cesarean delivery

Answer 23

gestational diabetes

Question 24

a sudden increase in maternal BP, edema which can lead to excessive and rapid weight gain unrelated to food intake and protein in the urine

Answer 24

preeclampsia

Question 25

if preeclampsia is left untreated this serious condition can lead to seizures, kidney failure and potentially maternal and/or fetal death

Answer 25

eclampsia

Question 26

breastfeeding nutrients needs

Answer 26

Protein needs to be increased by 15-20 grams/day and carbohydrates by 80 grams/day

Question 27

Certain proteins in human milk improve the absorption of iron which is important b/c breastmilk is actually low in iron

Answer 27

Certain proteins in human milk improve the absorption of iron which is important b/c breastmilk is actually low in iron

Question 28

The primary carbohydrate in breast milk is

Answer 28

lactose

Question 29

Micronutrients for newborns

Answer 29

iron, vitamin D, zinc and iodine

Question 30

are the following safe before age 1: Cow’s milk, goat’s milk or plant-based alternatives

Answer 30

NO

Question 31

Characteristic Changes During Aging

Answer 31

-smell, taste, touch and vision often decline -GI function worse -body fat increases and lean muscle mass declines leading to impaired physical functioning