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final Flashcards

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1
Q

in a modern fluoroscope, the fluoroscopic x ray tube

A

can be over or under the table

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2
Q

the fluoroscope was invented by

A

Thomas Edison

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3
Q

compared with radiographic examination, the primary purpose of a fluoroscopic examination is to visualize

A

dynamic images

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4
Q

fluoroscopy normally requires a tube current of

A

0.5-5 mA

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5
Q

ABS is designed to compensate for changes in what

A

patient composition

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6
Q

what unit of measurement is used to express fluoroscopic image brightness

A

candelas

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7
Q

photoelectric emission (photoemission) is

A

the emission of light

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8
Q

the measurement of the increase in image intensity achieved by an image intensification tube is known as

A

total brightness gain

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9
Q

the measurement of the increase in light photons due to the conversion efficiency of the output screen is

A

flux gain

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10
Q

does flux gain cause an increase or decrease in image quality

A

decrease

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11
Q

when an image intensifier receives x rays at the input phosphor, what is emitted at the output phosphor

A

visible light

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12
Q

the principal reason for pixel binning is to

A

increase spatial resolution

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13
Q

the fixed tube target for fluoroscopic x ray tubes should not be below

A

15” SOD

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14
Q

the active layer of the input screen is

A

sodium activated cesium iodide

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15
Q

the active layer of the output screen is

A

zinc cadmium sulfide phosphor

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16
Q

the formula utilized to figure minification gain

A

input screen diameter ^2 / output screen diameter ^2

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17
Q

what formula is utilized to figure brightness gain

A

minification gain x flux gain

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18
Q

which system does not change exposure factors when utilized

A

AGS

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19
Q

what system is part of the video camera system and works with the electronic signal

A

AGS

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20
Q

what gives the appearance of a warped edge on an image

A

the pincushion effect

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21
Q

the most popular generator system for a portable radiography device

A

battery operated

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22
Q

the table top dose for fluoroscopy should not exceed what amount

A

10 R/min or 100 mGy/min

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23
Q

the imaging technology that is used in digital fluoro

A

TFT - thin film transistor

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24
Q

what type of tube is designed to convert remnant radiation from the patient to an amplified light image

A

image intensification tube

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25
the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next one in the display & measures the resolution of the system
pixel pitch
26
an eight bit processor produces ____ shades of gray
256
27
measures exposure to the receptor during the use of AEC
ionization chambers
28
AEC devices work by measuring
radiation that exits the patient
29
how many detectors are typically found in an AEC system
3
30
the purpose of the backup timer is to
limit unnecessary x ray exposure
31
when using AEC the backup timer should be set at approx. __%
150
32
the purpose of the anatomic programming is to
present the radiographer with a preselected set of exposure factors
33
a primary goal of an exposure technique chart is to
produce quality images consistently
34
what is not under the direct control of the radiographer when utilizing AEC
time (seconds)
35
which factors are under the direct control of the technologist when utilizing AEC
kVp, mA, Ion chambers
36
the length of time necessary for the AEC to respond to the ionization & send a signal to terminate exposure
minimum exposure time
37
the time amount set for the system to terminate exposure
backup time
38
density controls should be used for what situation
when chamber cells cannot be positioned under anatomy
39
what is the device used to measure body parts from the central ray entrance to exit points
calipers
40
the density controls adjust exposure by + or - ____ %
25
41
in what position do switches have to be in, in order to conduct electricity
closed or on
42
density controls work with which part of the AEC circuit
thyratron
43
what type of detectors are used in modern AEC devices
gas ionization chambers
44
responsible for storing the charge sent from the ion chambers
capacitor
45
device that receives electricity surging down the circuit; responsible for pulling the switch
magnet relay
46
exposure system that develop appropriate ranges for specific body parts
fixed kVp
47
exposure system that develop appropriate ranges per part thickness
variable kVp
48
what is the accrediting agency for hospitals
TJC
49
monitors technical equipment to maintain standards
quality control
50
T/F: the terms radiographic quality assurance assesses anything patient care related
true
51
what can be evaluated in a quality assurance program
performance of procedures maintenance of equipment staff development
52
a QC program that monitors equipment performance can aid the department by
reducing patient wait times lowering patient doses improving department morale reducing supply costs
53
how often should repeat analysis be performed
monthly
54
acceptable repeat analysis performance for a department should be
3-10 %
55
HIPAA stands for
health insurance portability & accountability act
56
determining if the same results are obtained every time the same technique factors are used describes
reproducibility
57
the ability of the machine to utilize different combinations of mA & time to achieve the same mAs & result in the same exposure & density describes
linearity
58
what tools are used to test the focal spot
star test pinhole camera slit camera
59
the abbreviation used to describe the amount of filtration used to reduce the beam intensity to one - half of its original value
HVL
60
the CR of the x ray beam should be within ___ % of the SID from the center of the light field
2 %
61
what is a dead pixel ?
a non-functioning pixel
62
the fluoro exposure rate is measured by a dosimeter & should not exceed ____ R/min
5
63
tomographic systems test the sharpness at the ______ level to check depth accuracy
fulcrum
64
AEC ion chamber sensitivity should be within +/- _____ of each other
10%
65
the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) measures the _______________ ratio
signal to noise
66
the DQE value range is 0-1 , what is considered a perfect system ?
1
67
the brightness uniformity on display monitors should be ___ % between workstations
5%
68
the repeat rate for Technologists when analyzing repeat data should be between ___ %
3-10%
69
PACS system accuracy is interfaced with what other systems?
EMR HIS RIS

image intesification (2 decks)

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