Final Flashcards
(26 cards)
Political Participation
any activity that is intended to or has the consequence of affecting, either directly or indirectly, government action (Verba, Schlozman, and Brady 1995)
Political efficacy
the subjective feeling that one’s actions can help bring about political change
Political accountability
this exists when citizens can sanction or reward those in power for their actions. In democracies, free and fair elections serve as the primary mechanism of political accountability
examples of the common forms of political participation for ordinary citizens in democracies
-voting in elections
-participating in protests
-signing petitions
-contacting office holders
-volunteering for political campaigns
what attitudes and beliefs are positively related to electoral participation?
-socioeconomic and demographic factors ( education, age, gender)
- political efficacy
-interest in politics
-civic duty
-strong identification with a political party
factors that have a negative effect on turnout
-in-person voting requirements
-high material costs of voting
-high cognitive costs
what are the material costs of voting
money and time spent for registration, going to the polls and to follow the campaigns
what is mobilization by voters
the process by which candidates, parties, activists and groups induce other people to participate
effects of costs of abstention
can manifest themselves as:
- psychic tension
-dissonance
individuals feel upon failing to take part in collective action in certain circumstances
turnout
the total number of votes cast (valid or invalid) in an election, typically expressed at the percentage of the population eligible to vote
political mobilization
activities by political actors to increase the likelihood of people participating in politics, such as voting or participating in protests
civic duty
thinking of voting not just as a right of citizenship but also a civic responsibility to fulfuill
partisanship
a long-term, affective, psychological identificaiton with one’s preferred political party (Campbell et al, 1960)
rational choice theory
school of thought based on the assumption that people act purposefully, making choices that will provide them with the greatest benefit given the chances
social pressure
influence exerted on a person by another person or group to behave in certain ways
which individuals are more prone to join protests?
men
younger individuals
traditionally disadvantaged groups
marginalized groups
relative deprivation
the perceived lack or resources or desirable things in comparison to what other persons or groups in society possess
repression
the act of subduing someone by force. in the context of protests, it typically refers to the use of force by law enforcement officials to disperse crowds
social media
websites and online applications that enable indivudals to share information and interact with each other
what is gender?
a socially constructed system that creates hierarchies associated with masculine and feminine characteristics. This includes the norms, behaviours, and roles associated with being a girl, woman, boy or man
what is intersectionality
the ways in which gender intersects with other forms of difference, such as race, class, ability,religion, caste and age - to create advantage or disadvantage in different social systems
what is totalitarianism
a type of dictatorship in which there is an ideology whose goals are to be achieved through political mobilization
authoritarianism
a dictatorship without an ideology
what are some varieties of authoritarianism?
(Geddes)
-military
-personalist
-party-based
(svolik)
-institutionalized
-consolidated
