Final

Question 1

1970

Answer 1

Official Formation of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

Question 2

1971

Answer 2

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)

Question 3

1996

Answer 3

Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment

Question 4

Category of Environmental Engineering
(WWANERS)

Answer 4

Wastewater, water, air, noise, energy, risk, solid waste

Question 5

3 human survival and negative aspects related

Answer 5

Air (lasts seconds) –> polluted air
Water (last 3 weeks) –> waste/polluted water
Food (last 2 months) –> contaminated soil

Question 6

1996

Answer 6

National Research Council Study (NRC)

Question 7

1987

Answer 7

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

Question 8

Calculation of mass accumulation

Answer 8

Total Mass flow in = total mass flow out + rate of mass storage

Question 9

Types of wastes

Answer 9

Municipal, Hazardous, Biomedical

Question 10

Properties of hazardous waste

Answer 10

Toxicity, reactivity, ignitability, corrosiveness (TRIC)

Question 11

Emerging contaminants

Answer 11

PFAS: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
–> hazardous substances that we should remove from emerging contaminants

Question 12

Recent trends for energy use (emerging contaminants: carbon sequestration)

Answer 12

capturing and storing atmospheric CO2
→ reduce CO2 in the atmosphere to reduce global climate change

Question 13

1963

Answer 13

Clean Air Act

Question 14

6 major air pollutants

Answer 14

NGLPCS
Particulate matter(PM; Dust, smoke, haze)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Ground-level ozone (O)
Lead (HEAVY METAL)

Question 15

Effects of particles: 10 um

Answer 15

Removed in nose and throat

Question 16

Effects of particles: 5 to 10 um

Answer 16

Removed in trachea & bronchi –> doesn’t get to lungs

Question 17

Effects of particles: 0.5 to 5 um

Answer 17

Alveoli –> lung damage

Question 18

Characteristics of NO2

Answer 18

Acid rain

Question 19

Characteristics of CO

Answer 19

hemoglobin’s affinity for CO = 210 times its affinity for O

Question 20

1974

Answer 20

Safe Drinking Act (SWDA) from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency

Question 21

Major water contaminants

Answer 21

(BOISAH)
Biological Pathogens
Organic chemicals and toxic organic chemicals
Inorganic chemicals: nutrients, toxic metals, salts
Sediments
Acidity
Heat

Question 22

Major water contaminants and their process: Biological Pathogens

Answer 22

Biological

Question 23

Major water contaminants and their process: Organic chemicals and toxic organic chemicals

Answer 23

Chemical

Question 24

Major water contaminants and their process: Inorganic chemicals: nutrients, toxic metals, salts

Answer 24

Chemical

Question 25

Major water contaminants and their process: Sediments

Answer 25

Physical

Question 26

Major water contaminants and their process: Acidity

Answer 26

Chemical

Question 27

Major water contaminants and their process: Heat

Answer 27

Physical

Question 28

1980s and 1990s: Legislation made by EPA to regulate contaminants size

Answer 28

Ressource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

Question 29

1980s and 1990s Classification of waste Hazardous vs non-hazardous waste:

Answer 29

Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) -> ask responsible parties to pay for cleanup costs “special tax:”

Question 30

Classification of non-hazardous waste

Answer 30

Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)-> recyclables, compostable materials, garbage from home, businesses, institutions, constructions and demolitions sites

Question 31

Classification of hazardous waste: 4 parameters characteristics

Answer 31

Ignitibility: ability to burn easily or cause fire Corrosivity: strong acids and bases that could corrode surfaces Reactivity: React violently and cause explosion, including reactions with water Toxicity: threaten water supplies and health, as determined by laboratory tests of leachability TCLP (Toxic characteristic leaching procedure)

Question 32

Radioactive Waste and their method of disposal: High level radioactive waste

Answer 32

No permanent method of disposal

Question 33

Radioactive Waste and their method of disposal: Low-level radioactive waste

Answer 33

Burial of waste in special landfills

Question 34

Global warming problem (5 steps)

Answer 34

1. Emission of greenhouse gases 2. Increases in atmospheric concentration 3. Increases in radiative forcing 4. Increases in average temperature 5. Changes in global climate

Question 35

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 35

1997 conference accord stated that Major Industrial countries to reduce their overall emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O(Nitrous oxide)

Question 36

Radiative spectrum

Answer 36

UV (ultraviolet): > 400 nm VIS (visible light): 400 - 700 nm IR (infrared): 700+ nm

Question 37

History - Iron age:

Answer 37

Heating in the presence of carbon (charcoal)

Question 38

History - Iron age (Empire):

Answer 38

Learn to produce with mercury

Question 39

History - Industrial Revolution:

Answer 39

Installation of iron water pipes (no need of the wood anymore)

Question 40

Life Cycle Inventory Process: Stage

Answer 40

1. Raw Materials acquisition 2. Manufacturing 3. Use/reuse/maintenance 4. Recycling Waste management

Question 41

Inputs for manufacturing

Answer 41

Materials, energy

Question 42

Outputs for manufacturing

Answer 42

Intended products, co-products and energy released

Question 43

Outputs for use/reuse/maintenance

Answer 43

Atmospheric emissions

Question 44

Outputs for recycling/waste management

Answer 44

Waterborne wastes, solid wastes

Question 45

Characteristics of Exposure Assessment

Answer 45

Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) = (Concentration * Intake rate * Exposure frequency * Exposure duration * Absorption factor) / (Averaging time * body weight)

Question 46

Understanding of risk

Answer 46

Risk = (Probability of an undesired consequence) x (size of the loss or hazard effect)